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Exploring impact of street layout on urban flood risk of people and vehicles under extreme rainfall based on numerical experiments

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中国科学:技术科学英文版 2023年第9期66卷 2561-2574页

作者： MEI Chao LIU JiaHong SHI HongYuan WANG Hao WANG Jia DONG LiRong SONG TianXu ZHANG HaiJia State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100038China Key Laboratory of River Basin Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources(Preparation) Beijing 100038China Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Water Cycle and Sponge City Technology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Urban street layout is an important factor in the formation process, characteristics, and risk level of urban flooding;therefore, this study numerically investigates the impact of street layout on urban flood risk to people and vehicles. Four typical street-layout scenarios with areas of 3 km × 3 km are established based on a block-scale investigation. The layout types are regular grid,irregular grid, radial, and annular. Urban inundation models are then constructed for these typical street layouts based on the twodimensional(2D) hydrodynamic method. Two historic, extreme rainfall events, which occurred in Beijing on July 21, 2012 and in Zhengzhou on July 20, 2021, are used as rainstorm scenarios for urban inundation modelling. The flood risks to people and vehicles are then calculated. Results show that, for an extreme rainstorm on the block scale, the street layout impacts the spatial and temporal distributions of the inundation variables, which include the water depth, flow velocity, flood volume, and inundated area. Moreover, for the same extreme-rainfall scenario, the greatest differences in the total flood volume, maximum street-water depth, and maximum street-flow velocity caused by street-layout differences are 17.22%, 60.25%, and 61.50%, *** the four street layouts considered in this study, the annular street layout exhibits the lowest degrees of inundation and flood risk. For the same extreme-rainfall scenario, the proportions of high-risk road sections for adults and children in this layout are 58.89% and 62.28% smaller than those for the layout with the largest proportion of high-risk road sections, respectively;the proportions of high-risk road sections for the Honda Accord and Audi Q7 were 55.31% and 53.04% smaller, respectively. The findings of this study may aid scientific understanding and development of “flood-sensitive” block-scale street layouts and urban planning in the context of the changing environment.

关键词： urban inundation street layout urban form flood risk hydrodynamic simulation

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OPTIMIZING layout OF URBAN street CANYON USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION COUPLING WITH MATHEMATICAL OPTIMIZATION

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2006年第3期18卷 345-351页

作者： WANG Jia-song ZHAO Bao-qing YE Chun YANG De-qing HUANG Zhen School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200030 China School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200030China

Optimizing the layout of the urban street canyon to achieve the maximum environmental benefits should become a new idea for modem urban street design and planning. This paper aims to find out the optimized street canyon from a viewpoint of environmental protection by using the two-dimensional numerical simulation model with the κ-ω turbulence model, coupling with the mathematical optimization method. The total pollutant concentration within and at top of the specific street canyons was taken as the objective function, and the height of one side of the canyon as the constrained condition. A nonlinearly improved constrained variable metric solver was used. The effect of the height of the leeward building and windward building on the integrated pollutant dispersion was studied to achieve the most beneficial configuration of the urban geometry. The optimization of layout for an asymmetrical street canyon was obtained. It is further found that the step-down street canyon with a large height difference is generally a good layout favoring to reduce the concentration accumulation in the street canyon.

关键词： street canyon mathematical optimization numerical simulation street layout

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