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Field assessment of straw pellet combustion in improved heating stoves in rural Northeast China

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 295-307页

作者： Yafei Liu Zhimin Li Emily Floess You Zhang Nicholas Lam Sylvester K.Mawusi Prabin Shrestha Xinghua Li Chunyu Xue Guangqing Liu Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center College of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Civil Constructionand Environmental EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695-7103USA Schatz Energy Research Center Humboldt State UniversityArcataCA 95521USA School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

straw pellets are widely promoted and expected to be a cleaner alternative fuel to unprocessed crop residues and rawcoal in rural ***,the effectiveness of these dissemination programs is not well *** this field study,emission characteristics of burning strawpellets,rawcoal,and unprocessed corn cobs in heating stoveswere investigated in a pilot village in Northeast *** measurements covering the whole combustion cycle(ignition,flaming,and smoldering phases)shows the promotion of improved heating stoves and straw pellets could reduce pollutant emissions(e.g.,SO_(2) and CO),but increase NO_(X) and PM_(2.5) emissions compared to the initial stove-fuel use pattern in the studied *** is a significant variance in emission characteristics between different combustion *** normalized emission concentrations of the different stove-fuel combinations were higher than the limits in the Chinese national standard for heating stoves,indicating that the standard is not met for real-world *** consumption was lower than official *** surveys were conducted to identify the barriers to fuel and stove access associated with existing promotion strategies,management,and *** pilot program was of the typical“subsidy-and-policy-dependence”pattern and was unlikely to be implemented on a large *** innovation,operational optimization,and proper policies considering the local socioeconomic factors are needed to sustain the promotion of biomass straw pellets and stoves.

关键词： Northeast China straw pellet Improved heating stove Emission factors

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straw layer burial to alleviate salt stress in silty loam soils: Impacts of straw forms

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 265-276页

作者： ZHANG Hong-yuan LU Chuang PANG Huan-cheng LIU Na ZHANG Xiao-li LI Yu-yi Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Salt stress can be alleviated by straw layer burial in the soil, but little is known of the appropriate form of the straw layer for optimal regulation of soil water and salinity because of the uncontrollability of field tests. Here, the following four straw forms with compaction thickness of 5 cm buried 40–45 deep were studied: no straw layer(CK), segmented straw(SL, 5 cm in length), straw pellet(SK), and straw powder(SF). The three straw forms(SL, SK and SF) significantly delayed the infiltration of irrigation water down the column profile by 71.20–134.3 h relative to CK and the migration velocity of the wetting front under SF was the slowest. It took longer for the wetting front to transcend SK than SL but shorter for it to reach the bottom of soil column after water crossed the straw layer. Compared with CK, the average volumetric water content in the 0–40 cm soil layer increased by 6.45% under SL, 1.77% under SK and 5.39% under SF. The desalination rates at the 0–40 and 0–100 cm soil layers increased by 5.85 and 3.76% under SL, 6.64 and 1.47% under SK and 5.97 and 4.82% under SF. However, there was no significant difference among straw forms in the 0–40 cm soil layer. Furthermore, the salt leaching efficiency(SLE, g mm^–1 h^–1) above the 40 cm layer under SL was 0.0097, being significantly higher than that under SF(0.0071) by 37.23%. Salt storage under SL, SK and SF in the 40–45 cm layer accounted for 4.50, 16.92 and 7.43% of total storage in the 1-m column profile. Cumulative evaporation under SL and SF decreased significantly by 41.20 and 49.00%, with both treatments having the most significant inhibition of salt accumulation(resalinization rate being 36.06 and 47.15% lower than CK) in the 0–40 cm soil layer. In conclusion, the different forms of straw layers have desalting effects under high irrigation level(446 mm). In particular, SL and SF performed better than SK in promoting deep salt leaching and inhibiting salt accumulation on the soil surface. However,

关键词： straw layer segmented straw with 5 cm length straw pellet straw powder infiltration evaporation water and salt distribution

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