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2-D Modeling and Calculations of stratospheric ozone and Influences of Convection, Diffusion, and Time

Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 250-276页

作者： Ibraheem Alelmi Laurie Wei Sen Nieh Department of Mechanical Engineering The Catholic University of America Washington DC USA School of Engineering The Catholic University of America Washington DC USA College of Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan

An engineering system approach of 2-D cylindrical model of transient mass balance calculations of ozone and other concerned chemicals along with fourteen photolysis, ozone-generating and ozone-depleting chemical reaction equations was developed, validated, and used for studying the ozone concentrations, distribution and peak of the layer, ozone depletion and total ozone abundance in the stratosphere. The calculated ozone concentrations and profile at both the Equator and a 60˚N location were found to follow closely with the measured data. The calculated average ozone concentration was within 1% of the measured average, and the deviation of ozone profiles was within 14%. The monthly evolution of stratospheric ozone concentrations and distribution above the Equator was studied with results discussed in details. The influences of slow air movement in both altitudinal and radial directions on ozone concentrations and profile in the stratosphere were explored and discussed. Parametric studies of the influences of gas diffusivities of ozone DO3 and active atomic oxygen DO on ozone concentrations and distributions were also studied and delineated. Having both influences through physical diffusion and chemical reactions, the diffusivity (and diffusion) of atomic oxygen DO was found to be more sensitive and important than that of ozone DO3 on ozone concentrations and distribution. The 2-D ozone model present in this paper for stratospheric ozone and its layer and depletion is shown to be robust, convenient, efficient, and executable for analyzing the complex ozone phenomena in the stratosphere. .

关键词： stratospheric ozone 2-D Model ozone Layer ozone Depletion Convection Diffusion

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Satellite Measurements of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in Wintertime stratospheric ozone over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第11期32卷 1481-1492页

作者： ZHANG Yuli LIU Yi LIU Chuanxi V.F.SOFIEVA Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Center for Global Change Studies Finnish Meteorological Institute

We investigate the Madden-Julian Oscillation （MJO） signal in wintertime stratospheric ozone over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia using the harmonized dataset of satellite ozone profiles. Two different MJO indices -- the all-season Real-Time multivariate MJO index （RMM） and outgoing longwave radiation-based MJO index （OMI） -- are used to compare the MJO- related ozone anomalies. The results show that there are pronounced eastward-propagating MJO-related stratospheric ozone anomalies （mainly within 20-200 hPa） over the subtropics, The negative stratospheric ozone anomalies are over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia in MJO phases 4-7, when MJO-related tropical deep convective anomalies move from the equatorial Indian Ocean towards the western Pacific Ocean. Compared with the results based on RMM, the MJO-related stratospheric column ozone anomalies based on OM1 are stronger and one phase ahead. Further analysis suggests that different sampling errors, observation principles and retrieval algorithms may be responsible for the discrepancies among different satellite measurements. The MJO-related stratospheric ozone anomalies can be attributed to the MJO-related circulation anomalies, i.e., the uplifted tropopanse and the northward shifted westerly jet in the upper troposphere. Compared to the result based on RMM, the upper tropospheric westerly jet may play a less important role in generating the stratospheric column ozone anomalies based on OMI. Our study indicates that the circulation-based MJO index （RMM） can better characterize the MJO- related anomalies in tropopause pressure and thus the MJO influence on atmospheric trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, especially over subtropical East Asia.

关键词： Madden-Julian Oscillation stratospheric ozone tropopause subtropical jet stream

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Role of stratospheric Processes in Climate Change: Advances and Challenges

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第8期40卷 1379-1400页

作者： Wenshou TIAN Jinlong HUANG Jiankai ZHANG Fei XIE Wuke WANG Yifeng PENG College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Systems Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Atmospheric Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China Centre for Severe Weather and Climate and Hydro-Geological Hazards Wuhan 430078China

In this review,instead of summarizing all the advances and progress achieved in stratospheric research,the main advances and new developments in stratosphere-troposphere coupling and stratospheric chemistry-climate interactions are summarized,and some outstanding issues and grand challenges are discussed.A consensus has been reached that the stratospheric state is an important source of improving the predictability of the troposphere on sub-seasonal to seasonal(S2S)time scales and ***,applying stratospheric signals in operational S2S forecast models remains a challenge because of model deficiencies and the complexities of the underlying mechanisms of stratosphere-troposphere *** chemistry,which controls the magnitude and distribution of many important climate-forcing agents,plays a critical role in global climate *** evidence has been found that stratospheric ozone depletion and recovery have caused significant tropospheric climate changes,and more recent studies have revealed that stratospheric ozone variations can even exert an impact on SSTs and sea *** climatic impacts of stratospheric aerosols and water vapor are also *** their quantitative contributions to radiative forcing have been reasonably well quantified,there still exist large uncertainties in their long-term impacts on *** advances and new levels of understanding presented in this review suggest that whole-atmosphere interactions need to be considered in future for a better and more thorough understanding of stratosphere-troposphere coupling and its role in climate change.

关键词： stratosphere the stratosphere-troposphere coupling stratospheric chemistry-climate interactions stratospheric ozone

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Comparison of trends in the Hadley circulation between CMIP6 and CMIP5

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Science Bulletin 2020年第19期65卷 1667-1674,M0004页

作者： Yan Xia Yongyun Hu Jiping Liu College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences University at AlbanyState University of New YorkAlbanyNY 12222USA

There have been extensive studies on poleward expansion of the Hadley cells and the associated poleward shift of subtropical dry zones in the past *** the present study,we study the trends in the width and strength of the Hadley cells,using currently available simulation results of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase-6(CMIP6),and compare the trends with that in CMIP5 *** results show that the total annual-mean trend in the width of the Hadley cells is 0.13°±0.02°per decade over 1970–2014 in CMIP6 historical All-forcing *** is almost the same as that in *** trend in the strength of the Northern-Hemisphere(NH)cell shows much greater weakening in CMIP6 than in CMIP5,while the strength trend in the Southern-Hemisphere(SH)cell shows slight ***-forcing simulations demonstrate that increasing greenhouse gases cause widening and weakening of both the NH and SH Hadley cells,while anthropogenic aerosols and stratospheric ozone changes cause weak strengthening trends in the SH ***6 projection simulation results show that both the widening and weakening trends increase with radiative forcing.

关键词： Hadley circulation Global warming Increasing greenhouse gases stratospheric ozone Anthropogenic aerosols Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase-6(CMIP6)

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Increasing Surface UV Radiation in the Tropics and Northern Mid-Latitudes due to ozone Depletion after 2010

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第10期40卷 1833-1843页

作者： Fei XIE Yan XIA Wuhu FENG Yingli NIU School of Systems Science and College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China National Centre for Atmospheric Science University of LeedsLeeds LS29PHUK Istitute for Climate and Atmospheric Science School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet(UV)radiation harms humans and *** level of surface UV radiation had increased due to declines in stratospheric ozone in the late 1970s in response to emissions of *** the implementation of the Montreal Protocol,the stratospheric loading of chlorine/bromine peaked in the late 1990s and then decreased;subsequently,stratospheric ozone and surface UV radiation would be expected to recover and decrease,***,we show,based on multiple data sources,that the May–September surface UV radiation in the tropics and Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes has undergone a statistically significant increasing trend[about 60.0 J m^(–2)(10 yr)^(–1)]at the 2σlevel for the period 2010–20,due to the onset of total column ozone(TCO)depletion[about−3.5 DU(10 yr)^(–1)].Further analysis shows that the declines in stratospheric ozone after 2010 could be related to an increase in stratospheric nitrogen oxides due to increasing emissions of the source gas nitrous oxide(N_(2)O).

关键词： surface UV radiation stratospheric ozone stratospheric chemistry N_(2)O

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Advances in Studies of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere and Their Coupling with the Lower Atmosphere

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2004年第3期21卷 361-368页

作者：吕达仁易帆徐寄遥 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 College of Electronic Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Center for Space Science and Application Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080ecent advances in studies of the middle and upper atmosphere and their coupling with the lower atmosphere in China are briefly reviewed. This review emphasizes four aspects: (1) Development of instrumentation for middle and upper atmosphere observation (2) Analyses and observation of middle and upper atmosphere (3) Theoretical and modeling studies of planetary wave and gravity wave activities in the middle atmosphere and their relation to lower atmospheric processes (4) Study on the coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere.

Recent advances in studies of the middle and upper atmosphere and their coupling with the lower atmosphere in China are briefly reviewed. This review emphasizes four aspects: (1) Development of instrumentation for middle and upper atmosphere observation; (2) Analyses and observation of middle and upper atmosphere; (3) Theoretical and modeling studies of planetary wave and gravity wave activities in the middle atmosphere and their relation to lower atmospheric processes; (4) Study on the coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere.

关键词： middle and upper atmosphere gravity wave planetary wave stratosphere-troposphere ex-change (STE) stratospheric ozone

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Evaluating the ozone Valley over the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6 Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第7期39卷 1167-1183页

作者： Kequan ZHANG Jiakang DUAN Siyi ZHAO Jiankai ZHANG James KEEBLE Hongwen LIU Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Chemistry University of CambridgeCambridge CB21EWUK National Centre for Atmospheric Science Cambridge CB21EWUK

Total column ozone(TCO)over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is lower than that over other regions at the same latitude,particularly in *** feature is known as the“TP ozone valley”.This study evaluates long-term changes in TCO and the ozone valley over the TP from 1984 to 2100 using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).The TP ozone valley consists of two low centers,one is located in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere(UTLS),and the other is in the middle and upper ***,the CMIP6 models simulate the low ozone center in the UTLS well and capture the spatial characteristics and seasonal cycle of the TP ozone valley,with spatial correlation coefficients between the modeled TCO and the Multi Sensor Reanalysis version 2(MSR2)TCO observations greater than 0.8 for all CMIP6 *** analysis reveals that models which use fully coupled and online stratospheric chemistry schemes simulate the anticorrelation between the 150 hPa geopotential height and zonal anomaly of TCO over the TP better than models without interactive chemistry *** suggests that coupled chemical-radiative-dynamical processes play a key role in the simulation of the TP ozone *** CMIP6 models underestimate the low center in the middle and upper stratosphere when compared with the Microwave Limb Sounder(MLS)***,the bias in the middle and upper stratospheric ozone simulations has a marginal effect on the simulation of the TP ozone *** CMIP6 models predict the TP ozone valley in summer will deepen in the future.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau stratospheric ozone ozone valley CMIP6

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The Impacts of Two Types of El Nińo on Global ozone Variations in the Last Three Decades

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第5期31卷 1113-1126页

作者： XIE Fei LI Jianping TIAN Wenshou ZHANG Jiankai SHU Jianchuan State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Institute of Plateau Meteorology China Meteorological Administration

The effects of E1Nifio Modoki events on global ozone concentrations are investigated from 1980 to 2010 E1 Nifio Modoki events cause a stronger Brewer-Dobson （BD） circulation which can transports more ozone-poor air from the troposphere to stratosphere, leading to a decrease of ozone inthe lower-middle stratosphere from 90~S to 90~N. These changes in ozone concentrations reduce stratospheric column ozone. The reduction in stratospheric column ozone during E1 Nifio Modoki events is more pronounced over the tropical eastern Pacific than over other tropical areas because transport of ozone-poor air from middle-high latitudes in both hemispheres to low latitudes is the strongest between 60°W and 120°W. Because of the decrease in stratospheric column ozone during E1 Nifio Modoki events more UV radiation reaches the tropical troposphere leading to significant increases in tropospheric column ozone An empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analysis of the time series from 1980 to 2010 of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone monthly anomalies reveals that： E1 Nifio Modoki events are associated with the primary EOF modes of both time series. We also found that E1 Nifio Modoki events can affect global ozone more significantly than canonical E1 Nifio events. These results imply that E1 Nifio Modoki is a key contributor to variations in global ozone from 1980 to 2010.

关键词： stratospheric ozone tropospheric ozone canonical E1 Nifio E1 Nifio Modoki

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Impact of Tropical Indian Ocean Temperature on the ozone Layer in East Asia

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2023年第6期14卷 1-7,15页

作者： Mengkun TIAN Yiran GUO Xiuying WANG Yan CHEN Shichang GUO Department of Atmosphere Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Pu er Meteorological Bureau Pu er 665000China Yunnan Weather Bureau Kunming 650034China

Based on the reanalysis data of monthly mean sea surface temperature (SST) from British Hadley Center and ozone mass mixing ratio from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) during 1980-2015, two indexes IOBI and IODI of the main modes characterizing SST changes in the tropical Indian Ocean——Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) were calculated firstly, and then the correlation of SST anomaly (SSTA) in the tropical Indian Ocean and ozone mass mixing ratio in the stratosphere over East Asia from 1980 to 2015 was analyzed. Besides, the impact of SST changes in the tropical Indian Ocean on the distribution of ozone layer in East Asia was discussed. The results show that SST changes in the tropical Indian Ocean had significant effects on stratospheric ozone distribution in East Asia, and it was consistent with the temporal changes of IOB and IOD. IOBI and IODI had a certain correlation with stratospheric ozone changes in East Asia, with a particularly significant correlation in the lower stratosphere (70 hPa) and middle stratosphere (40 hPa) especially during spring and autumn.

关键词： Tropical Indian Ocean East Asia Indian Ocean Basin Indian Ocean Dipole stratospheric ozone

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The Impacts of two types of El Ni?o on the Global ozone Variations in the last three decades

The Impacts of two types of El Ni?o on the Global Ozone Vari...

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第31届中国气象学会年会

作者： Fei Xie Jianping Li Wenshou Tian Jiankai Zhang Jianchuan Shu State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou University Institute of Plateau Meteorology China Meteorological Administratin

The effects of El Nio Modoki events on global ozone concentrations are investigated from 1980 to *** Nio Modoki events cause a stronger Brewer–Dobson（BD）circulation which can transports more ozone-poor air from troposphere to stratosphere,leading to a decrease of ozone in the lower-middle stratosphere from 90°S to 90°*** changes in ozone concentrations reduce stratospheric column *** reduction in stratospheric column ozone during El Nio Modoki events is more pronounced over the tropical eastern Pacific than over other tropical areas because transport of ozone-poor air from middle–high latitudes in both hemispheres to low latitudes is the strongest between 60°W and 120°*** the decrease in stratospheric column ozone during El Nio Modoki events,more UV radiation reaches the tropical troposphere leading to significant increases in tropospheric column *** empirical orthogonal function（EOF）analysis of the time series from 1980 to 2010 of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone monthly anomalies reveals that:El Nio Modoki events are associated with the primary EOF modes of both time *** also found that El Nio Modoki events can more significantly affect the global ozone than canonical El Nio *** results imply that El Nio Modoki is a key contributor to variations in global ozone from 1980 to 2010.

关键词： stratospheric ozone stratospheric column ozone tropospheric ozone tropospheric column ozone canonical El Ni?o El Ni?o Modoki.

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