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stratification in central Bohai Sea and how it has shaped hypoxic events in summer

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第9期43卷 93-104页

作者： Jie Guo Diansheng Ji Xiangyang Zheng Yanfang Li Haitian Tang Chawei Hou CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai 264003China Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes Yantai 264003China Yantai Marine Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources Yantai 264006China

In the last 10 years(2012-2021),five hypoxic events have been observed in summer in the central Bohai Sea(CBS).Frequent and persistent hypoxia will have an impact on the ecosystem of the *** this paper,historical sea temperature(ST),salinity(SAL),density(Den),and dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration data from three stations in the CBS are analyzed via the linear regression method,and the correlations between the stratification factors(ST,SAL,and Den)and DO concentration are *** thresholds of the stratification factors at the three stations in June in the year in which hypoxia occurred were determined and applied to survey data from 29 stations in late May to early June in 2022 in the CBS;this assessment found that the data from 19 stations indicated that hypoxia was about to *** August,the survey data showed that 14 out of the 29 stations indicated hypoxic conditions,of which 12 were from the predicted 19 stations,meaning that the estimation accuracy reached 63%.The same approach was applied to data from June *** data for August from a bottom-type online monitoring system in the CBS verified the occurrence of hypoxic events around *** results show that the strength of the seawater stratification plays a leading role in hypoxic events in the summer in the CBS,and the thresholds of the stratification factors can be used to predict the occurrence of hypoxic events.

关键词： hypoxia central Bohai Sea sea temperature salinity sea-water density stratification

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stratification of metamorphic belts and its genesis in the Liaohe Group

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第5期43卷 430-434页

作者： Sanzhong Li Zhensheng Yang Yongjiang Liu NW Univ Xian Dept Geol Xian 710069 Peoples R China Changchun Univ Sci & Technol Changchun 130061 Peoples R China

stratification of metamorphic belt in the Liaohe Group during M2 episode of the Lüliang metamorphic period is proposed. Its genesis is elucidated to be caused by bedding-parallel sliding, magma layered-intrussion and... 详细信息

关键词： the Liaohe Group metamorphic belt stratification genesis.

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stratification structures on a kind of completely distributive lattices and their applications in theory of topological molecular lattices

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第12期42卷 988-991页

作者： Cui, HB Zheng, CY Department of Mathematics Capital Normal University Beijing 100037 China

A completely distributive lattice is also called a molecular *** least and the greatestelements in a lattice are denoted by 0 and 1,*** the empty subset L of alattice L,we assume that V=0 and ∧=*** set of all the molecules（***-zero∨-irreducible elements）in a lattice L is denoted by M（L）. Let L1 and L2 be completely distributive lattices,f:L1→L2 and g:L2→L1 be order-preserving *** for any a∈L1 and any b∈L2,f（a）≤b if and only if a≤g（b）,then fis called the left adjoint of g,or g is called the right adjoint of *** right adjoint of f

关键词： completely distributive lattice stratification structure stratified completely distributive lattice topological stratified molecular lattice compactness.

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Vertical Diffusion Coefficient with stratification Effect for Silty Sediment Suspension Under Waves

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China Ocean Engineering 2023年第2期37卷 323-332页

作者： YANG Guang-yao ZHANG Qing-he State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

To analyze previous experimental data of suspended sediment concentration for silty sediment with different sediment particle sizes due to waves, a new stratification correction coefficient is presented. The suspended sediment concentration gradient and sediment particle diameter are selected as parameters. Furthermore, a diffusion coefficient model with a stratification effect over the whole water depth for silty sediment suspension under waves is developed. The comparison between the suspended sediment concentration calculated by the presented model and several groups of experimental data shows that the model can reasonably reflect the vertical distribution of silty sediment *** stratification effect calculated by the present model decreases with an increase in the sediment particle diameter,which indicates that the model can be extended to describe the suspended sediment concentration of fine to medium sand when the near-bottom sediment concentration is not very high. Although the original model needs to be iteratively solved, the approximate method without iteration is recommended for applications when the near bottom sediment concentration is between 10 and 20 kg/m~3 due to the small difference between the non-iterative and iterative solution for near bed layer suspended sediment concentration, which plays a major role in sediment transport.

关键词： stratification silty sediment suspension diffusion coefficient wave

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Mechanism of pool separation and stratification in laser remelting and cladding

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1999年第4期9卷 701-706页

作者：曾大文谢长生盛亚明 Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Coll Mat Sci & Engn Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

The laser remelting with a two-layer material system (upper material was Al-30 % Ti-20 % Ni alloy,substrate was commercial aluminum alloy) and the laser cladding of a commercial 45 steel with copper Powder (including 25%SiC) were carried out using a 2kW continuous CO2 laser. For the case of laser remelting, a upper Pool in the alloying layer and a lower Pool in the substrate separated by the unmelted Al-Ti-Ni alloy were observed. For laser cladding, a stratified Pool was observed, whose top layer was Cu alloy liquid and bottom was Fe alloy liquid. The mechanism of laser Pool separation and stratification is illustrated by numerical calculation of heat transter process of the two-layer system, combining with material physical properties (especially mixed enthalpy). A classification criterion for laser Pool with the two-layer material system has been presented and four types of the laser Pool are divided into unique Pool, separated Pool, mixed Pool and stratified pool,which provides a theoretical basis for obtaining a excellent surface coating.

关键词： laser cladding laser melting Pool separation pool stratification mechanism

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Social Construction Functions of Consumption Space under stratification:The Case of Guangzhou

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Chinese Geographical Science 2010年第5期20卷 450-460页

作者： LIN Geng WANG Lianjun ZHANG Xiaoying Department of Urban and Regional Planning/Center for Urban and Regional Studies School of Geography and Planning SUN Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

As Chinese cities rapidly transformed themselves into consumerist societies,the relationship between consumers and consumption space under stratification has become a new research area in the field of urban social *** on a consumer behavior analysis,this study explores the relationship between consumption space and the social strata of consumers in typical shopping malls in Guangzhou where the first shopping mall in China was *** result shows that shopping malls have performed significant constructive functions of organizing consumers from different social classes into different consumption *** middle-and upper-class consumers,the function of shopping malls centers on utilitarian consumption,identity recognition,and identity construction;whereas for lower-class consumers,its function revolves around pleasure and *** symbolism of consumption space is the underlying reason for shopping malls to have their social constructive *** findings of this research suggest that:1) a shopping mall is a productive consumption space and a geographical space with subjectivity;2) the micro-location of a shopping mall has social construction function;and 3) symbolic consumption is the core of social construction.

关键词： consumption space stratification shopping mail social construction social identity symbolic consumption

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A numerical study on salinity stratification at the Oujiang River Estuary, China

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第11期38卷 40-50页

作者： Yichun Li Jingui Liu College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beibu Gulf UniversityQinzhou 535011China Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterBeijing 100081China

The Oujiang River Estuary(ORE)is a macrotidal estuary with drastic variation of river discharge and large tidal *** simulations based on the unstructured grid,Finite-Volume,primitive equation Community Ocean Model(FVCOM)are conducted to investigate the intratidal and intertidal variations of salinity with an extremely upstream river boundary and large computational *** dynamic equation of potential energy anomaly is adopted to evaluate the stratification and mixing processes from model ***,the stability of estuarine stratification on different timescales and its spatial variation are studied using estuarine Richardson number and stratification *** critical values of tidal range and river discharge that determine the stratification state are *** critical values exhibit distinct spatial *** north branch of the ORE exhibits well-mixed conditions when the tidal range exceeds 3.8,4.0 and 4.6m at upper inlet,middle segment and the river mouth,*** river discharge is below 280 m^3/s or exceeds 510 m^3/s,the upper part of the north branch is well-mixed *** the river mouth,river discharge of 280 m^3/s is a rough critical value that separates well-mixed and stratified *** is also concluded that periodic stratification exists in the North *** lower estuary appears to be partially stratified at early ebb or early flood tide,and well-mixed in other tidal *** stratification only develops during early ebb in the upper *** enhancement of stratification is mainly caused by longitudinal advection and lateral velocity shear,while turbulent mixing and longitudinal tidal strain are the main factors of stratification attenuation.

关键词： stratification the Oujiang River Estuary FVCOM Macrotidal Estuary potential energy anomaly

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Risk stratification in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease with conventional vascular risk factors and cerebral haemodynamics

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第1期8卷 77-85页

作者： Xuan Tian Hui Fang Linfang Lan Hing Lung Ip Jill Abrigo Haipeng Liu Lina Zheng Florence S Y Fan Sze Ho Ma Bonaventure Ip Bo Song Yuming Xu Jingwei Li Bing Zhang Yun Xu Yannie O Y Soo Vincent Mok Ka Sing Wong Thomas W Leung Xinyi Leng Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese UniversityHong KongChina Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Department of Imaging and Interventional The Chinese UniversityHong KongChina Research Centre of Intelligent Healthcare Faculty of Health and Life ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK Department of Neurology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjingJiangsuChina Department of Radiology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjingJiangsuChina

Background and purpose Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(sICAS)is associated with a considerable risk of recurrent stroke despite contemporarily optimal medical *** of luminal stenosis in sICAS and its haemodynamic significance quantified with computational fluid dynamics(CFD)models were associated with the risk of stroke *** aimed to develop and compare stroke risk prediction nomograms in sICAS,based on vascular risk factors and these *** Patients with 50%-99%sICAS confirmed in CT angiography(CTA)were *** vascular risk factors were *** of luminal stenosis in sICAS was dichotomised as moderate(50%-69%)and severe(70%-99%).Translesional pressure ratio(PR)and wall shear stress ratio(WSSR)were quantified via CTA-based CFD modelling;the haemodynamic status of sICAS was classified as normal(normal PR&WSSR),intermediate(otherwise)and abnormal(abnormal PR&WSSR).All patients received guideline-recommended medical *** developed and compared performance of nomograms composed of these variables and independent predictors identified in multivariate logistic regression,in predicting the primary outcome,recurrent ischaemic stroke in the same territory(SIT)within 1 *** Among 245 sICAS patients,20(8.2%)had *** D2H2A nomogram,incorporating diabetes,dyslipidaemia,haemodynamic status of sICAS,hypertension and age≥50 years,showed good calibration(P for Hosmer-Lemeshow test=0.560)and discrimination(C-statistic 0.73,95%CI 0.60 to 0.85).It also had better performance in risk reclassification and provided larger net benefits in decision curve analysis,compared with nomograms composed of conventional vascular risk factors only,and plus the severity of luminal stenosis in *** analysis in patients with anterior-circulation sICAS showed similar *** The D2H2A nomogram,incorporating conventional vascular risk factors and the haemodynamic significance of sICAS a

关键词： intracranial otherwise stratification

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The Dynamic Channel Allocation Scheme Based on stratification and Simulated Annealing Method

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China Communications 2009年第1期6卷 78-84页

作者： Wang Zhenxing Yang Tao Hu Bo Chen Guangmeng Department of Electronics Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

This paper proposes a dynamic channel allocation scheme based on cognitive radio （CR）. Firstly, the channel probing based on MMSE criterion is implemented, with which the probability distribution of channels in use by the primary user is given. Next, take the distances between the CR users and the primary user as basis to stratify the CR users, among the layers; the simulated annealing （SA） algorithm is used to implement the channel assigmnent. This algorithm differs from the well-known 0-1 matrix based allocation scheme, and keeps a good tradeoff between complexity, capacity as well as the fairness problems. The simulation results show that this algorithm can improve the allocation efficiency effectively.

关键词： cognitive radio dynamic channel assignment stratification simulated annealing fairness

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Integrating polygenic and clinical risks to improve stroke risk stratification in prospective Chinese cohorts

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 1626-1635页

作者： Qingmei Cui Fangchao Liu Jianxin Li Xiaoge Niu Zhongying Liu Chong Shen Dongsheng Hu Keyong Huang Shufeng Chen Jie Cao Xiaoqing Liu Ling Yu Fanghong Lu Xianping Wu Liancheng Zhao Jianfeng Huang Ying Li Zhibin Hu Hongbing Shen Dongfeng Gu Xiangfeng Lu Department of Epidemiology Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100037China Department of Nephrology Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450053China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics College of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China Department of Prevention Medicine Shenzhen University School of MedicineShenzhen518060China Division of Epidemiology Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital and Cardiovascular InstituteGuangzhou510080China Department of Cardiology Fujian Provincial People’s HospitalFuzhou350014China Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center Institute of Basic MedicineShandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan250062China Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu610041China Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100730China School of Medicine Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China

The utility of the polygenic risk score(PRS)to identify individuals at higher risk of stroke beyond clinical risk remains unclear,and we clarified this using Chinese population-based prospective *** proportional hazards models were used to estimate the 10-year risk,and Fine and Gray’s models were used for hazard ratios(HRs),their 95%confidence intervals(CIs),and the lifetime risk according to PRS and clinical risk categories.A total of 41,006 individuals aged 30–75 years with a mean follow-up of 9.0 years were *** the top versus bottom 5%of the PRS,the HR was 3.01(95%CI 2.03–4.45)in the total population,and similar findings were observed within clinical risk *** gradients in the 10-year and lifetime risk across PRS categories were also found within clinical risk ***,among individuals with intermediate clinical risk,the 10-year risk for those in the top 5%of the PRS(7.3%,95%CI 7.1%–7.5%)reached the threshold of high clinical risk(≥7.0%)for initiating preventive treatment,and this effect of the PRS on refining risk stratification was evident for ischemic *** among those in the top 10%and 20%of the PRS,the 10-year risk would also exceed this level when aged≥50 and≥60 years,***,the combination of the PRS with the clinical risk score improved the risk stratification within clinical risk strata and distinguished actual high-risk individuals with intermediate clinical risk.

关键词： stroke polygenic risk score clinical risk score utility stratification

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