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Challenges in Cardiovascular Risk Prediction and stratifi cation in Women

Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications 2019年第B2期3卷 329-348页

作者： Sonia Henry,MD Rachel Bond,MD Stacey Rosen,MD Cindy Grines,MD Jennifer Mieres,MD Northwell Health Department of CardiologyNorthshore University HospitalHofstra School of Medicine300 Community DriveManhassetNY 11030USA Northwell Health Department of CardiologyHofstra North Shore-LIJ School of MedicineLenox Hill Hospital110 E.59th StreetSuite 8ANew YorkNY 10022USA Northwell Health Department of CardiologyHofstra School of MedicineThe Katz Institute for Women’s Health1981 Marcus AvenueSuite E110Lake SuccessNY 11042USA Hofstra School of Medicine Northwell Health1979 Marcus Avenue Suite 236Lake SuccessNY 11042USA

There has been an appropriate focus,since the turn of the 21 st century,on sex-and gender-specifi c cardiovascular disease(CVD)as increasing evidence suggests that there are substantial differences in the risk factor profi le,social and environmental factors,clinical presentation,diagnosis,and treatment of ischemic heart disease in women compared with men.As a result of increased awareness,detection,and treatment of ischemic heart disease in women,there has been signifi cant reduction(greater than 30%)in cardiovascular mortality,and in 2013,more US men than US women died of CVD.Nevertheless,continued efforts are required as CVD remains the leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and death of women in the Western world,and in women younger than 55 years there has been a rise in cardiovascular mortality.In this article,we review several of the contributing factors that continue to cause challenges in accurate risk prediction and risk stratifi cation in women.

关键词： sex and gender disparity risk prediction risk stratifi cation ischemic heart disease

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A model study of the effect of weather forcing on the ecology of a meromictic Siberian lake

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 2018-2032页

作者： Igor G.PROKOPKIN Egor S.ZADEREEV Institute of Biophysics SB RAS Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center660036AkademgorodokKrasnoyarskRussia Siberian Federal University 660079Svobodniiav.79KrasnoyarskRussia

We used a Lake Shira numerical model to estimate the response of the ecosystem of a saline meromictic lake to variations in weather parameters during the growing season. The sensitivity analysis of the model suggests that compared to other external(nutrient inflows) and internal(spring biomasses of food-web components) factors, weather parameters are among the most influential for both mixolimnetic(phyto-and zooplankton) and monimolimnetic(purple sulfur bacteria, sulfur reducing bacteria and hydrogen sulfide) food-web components. Calculations with different weather scenarios shows how changes in the water temperature and mixing depth af fect mixolimnetic and monimolimnetic food-web components and the depth of the oxic-anoxic interface in a meromictic lake. When weather forcing stimulates an increase in the biomass of food-web components in the mixolimnion, it produces cascading effects that lead to three results: 1) a higher content of detritus in the water column; 2) a higher content of hydrogen sulfide in the monimolimnion; 3) raising of the oxic-anoxic interface closer to the water-air surface. This cascading effect is complicated by the negative correlation between two light dependent primary producers located at diff erent depths—phytoplankton in the mixolimnion and purple sulfur bacteria at the oxic-anoxic interface. Thus, weather conditions that stimulate higher phytoplankton biomass are associated with a higher detritus content and lower biomass of purple sulfur bacteria, a higher content of hydrogen sulfide and a shallower oxic-anoxic interface. The same weather conditions(higher wind, lower cloud cover, and lower air temperature) promote a scenario of less stable thermal stratification. Thus, our calculations suggest that weather parameters during the summer season strongly control the mixing depth, water temperature and the mixolimnetic food web. An effect of biogeochemical and physical interactions on the depth of the oxicanoxic interface is also detectable. However, intra-and interannual climate and

关键词： meromictic lake numerical model weather forcing sensitivity analysis stratifi cation food web

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A Study on the Underlying Mechanism of the Emergence of Gated Communities in Urban China

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China City Planning Review 2016年第4期25卷 20-25页

作者： Yang Hongping Qian Fang Jiangsu Institute of Urban Planning and Design(former) NanjingP.R.China 不详

Modern gated communities have emerged in China against a background of socio-economic transition. They are different from the gated communities in western countries in many aspects. In particular, they bear obvious Chinese characteristics in the reasons for their popularity. In order to explore the underlying economic, social, political, and cultural mechanism of the popularity of gated communities in China, this article conducts a comprehensive analysis from many angles by drawing on various theories. It is concluded that the emergence of gated communities in urban China is pushed by the special social relations of production in the period of transition. In particular the social, economic, governmental, and individual powers together promote the emergence and development of gated communities.

关键词： gated communities social stratifi cation driving mechanism

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