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Dangerous Frictions： The Condition of Modernity and Its Possible Repair

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2011年第4期4卷 1-11页

作者： Jeffrey C. Alexander

Whether from a liberal or a radical perspective, the transition to modernity has been hailed not only as a great achievement but as providing the cultural and institutional foundations for a good society. Yet, modernity has been driven by terrible social stsains, immense conflicts, searing social stigmas, and radical exclusion. A satisfactory social theory must conceptualize the dark side of modernity as well as the ligt. This essay identifies nine dangerous frictions inherent in modernity and also defines mechanisms for their possible repair. Critics of modernity have ignored the fact that it does provide self-correcting capacities, though these capacities are never fully developed and never adequately applied.

关键词： modernity strains repairs hierarchy self

Evaluation of Reproductive Characteristics of 21 Highly Inbred Lines of White Leghorns Divergently Selected for or Segregating in Tumor Resistance

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2015年第1期5卷 59-70页

作者： Gururaj Kulkarni Huanmin Zhang USDA Agriculture Research Service Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory East Lansing USA

Reproduction performance of 21 inbred experimental lines of White Leghorns was evaluated based on samples of reproduction records over a period of eight consecutive years. Two lines (63 and 72) have been extensively used in studies, especially in research seeking for genetic and epigenetic factors underlying resistance to avian tumor virus-induced diseases in chickens. The other 19 lines are recombinant congenic strains (RCS), which were generated by crossing lines 63 and 72 followed by two consecutive backcrosses to the line 63 and then full-sib mating. In theory, each RCS processes 7/8 of progenitor background line 63 genome and a random sample (1/8) of the progenitor donor line 72 genome. All 21 inbred lines share a common major histocompatibility complex haplotype, B*2. The estimated average fertility of the 21 inbred lines ranged from 72.9% (RCS-J) up to 96.8% (RCS-P). Both progenitor lines 63 and 72 were observed with lower average fertility (82.4% and 81.6%, respectively) in comparison with the RCS except the RCS-J, suggesting a substantial polygenic component underlying the fertility phenotype. The average embryo mortality rate ranged from 14.5% (RCS-P) up to 47.0% (RCS-M). The background line 63 fell at about the middle of the range (28.3%) significantly higher than the donor line 72 (15.7%), which was among the group with the lowest embryo mortality. By definition, hatchability of fertile eggs is reversely correlated with embryo mortality. The average hatchability ranged from 26.5% (RCS-M) up to 66.8% (line 72) while the background line 63 remained (46.6%) at about the middle of the range. The variability of the average embryo mortality and hatchability observed among the 21 inbred lines indicated the two correlated traits also follow polygenic models of inheritance. Findings from this study paves the way for further investigation on genetic and environmental influence over reproductive performance of inbred lines of chickens, and particularly in understan

关键词： White Leghorns Inbred Lines Recobinant Congenic strains Fertility Embryo Mortality Hatchabiity Polygentic Inheritance

Characterization of Mycobacterium Species Circulating among Tuberculosis Patients in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2023年第3期11卷 95-108页

作者： Smart Enoch Amala Goodluck Silas Amba Ollor Ollor Vivian Nkemkanma Agi Department of Medical Laboratory Science Rivers State University Port Harcourt Nigeria Bayelsa State Ministry of Health Yenagoa Nigeria

Introduction: Tuberculosis is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Looking at the evolution of the bacterium gene due to mutation is crucial to identify species circulating among patients in an area. WHO speculated that tuberculosis is caused by M. tuberculosis (MTB), but identification of the strains of MTB circulating in a particular area is important for the management of MTB and to identify pulmonary infections caused by non-tuberculosis mycobacterium. Contact tracing of drug resistant MTB in circulation in an area is also an important procedure of MTB therapeutic choice. Aim: This study aimed to isolate and identify Mycobacterium species circulating in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 sputum samples collected from MTB patients were cultured in Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) solid media. Isolates on LJ media were confirmed using Zeihl Nelseen staining method for AFB and Standard Diagnosis Bioline TB Ag MPT64 Rapid test kit. The 16s rRNA gene amplification, agarose gel electrophoresis, and gene sequencing were conducted. Phylogenic analysis and evolutional distances of the strains are computed using the Juke-cantor method. Result: Out of 102 sputum samples examined 15 (14.7%) had growth of Mycobacterium species (AFB positive). The extracted DNA of MTB amplified on agarose gel electrophoresis aligned horizontally at lanes 1 - 15 showing 16S gene band (1500 bp). Two 2 (2.0%) are non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria species, while 13 (12.7%) were M. tuberculosis. The non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium species isolated are Mycobacteriode abscesses and Mycobacterium kansassii strain FDAARGOS 1534. The tuberculosis strains are Mycobacterium tuberculosis MG003 and R2092 but the predominant strain was MG003. The degree of the genetic evolution of the non-MTB Mycobacterium kansassii strain FDAARGOS 1534 was 75.4%. Conclusion: The two major strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) circulating in Bayelsa State are MTB MG003 and MTB R2092;MTB MG0

关键词： Tuberculosis Non-Tuberculosis strains Circulating Bayelsa

Acid-Phosphorus Activity of Wheat Varieties Rhizobacteria of Uzbekistan

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 977-986页

作者： Zair Saatovich Shakirov Iskandar Takhirovich Yakubov Karomat Suvanqulovna Mamanazarova Mardanov Ikrom Xasan Ugli Xayrullaev Abdumalik Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan Institute of Botany National University of Uzbekistan Named after Mirzo Ulugbek Tashkent Uzbekistan

In this work, local strains of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms were isolated and identified from the wheat rhizosphere and exogenous acid phosphatase enzymes of locally active phosphate- and potassium-mobilizing rhizobacteria belonging to the genera Escherichia, Rahnella, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Pantoea were studied. The efficiency of the physiological properties of rhizobacteria is determined by the production of soluble phosphorus, and the amount of phosphorus depends on the activity and biomass of bacteria that secrete phosphorus. This is done by phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and the habitat ecosystem is enriched with beneficial micronutrients. In these studies, active rhizobacteria activity of acid phosphatase in nutrient liquid was studied at different temperatures. Optimum pH activity index and temperature variability of enzymes were determined. It should be noted that in the most active phosphate-solubilizing strains the maximum enzymatic activity was observed in the culture fluid of R. aquatilis strain 17, which produced 1.086 μmol p-nitrophenol μmol/min/ml. P. agglomerans 22, P. agglomerans 20 and Ps. kilonensis 32 cultures phosphatase activity was 0.143 - 0.680 p-nitrophenol μmol/min/ml. It should be noted that the phosphatase activity of bacteria belonging to the same genus and species was very different from each other. That is, the enzyme activity of Rahnella aquatilis strain 17 was 9 times higher than the enzyme activity of Rahnella aquatilis strain 9. The pH optimum of sour phosphatase enzymes in Rahnella aquatilis strain 16 was 6.0. The optimum temperature of acid phosphatase activity was 45˚C and 50˚C. The reason for this may be that the strains were isolated in different soil and climate conditions. When the acid phosphatase activity of R. aquatilis 3, 9, E. cloacae 8 and P. agglomerans 22 cultures was determined at a temperature of 45˚C, it was observed that the enzyme activity increased by 2 - 4 times. Es. hermannii 1, P

关键词： Rhizobacteria Phosphate Mobilization Nitrogen Fixation Acid Phosphatase Wheat strains

Thermal buckling analysis of ceramic-metal functionally graded plates

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Natural Science 2010年第9期2卷 968-978页

作者： Ashraf M. Zenkour Daoud S. Mashat 不详

Thermal buckling response of functionally graded plates is presented in this paper using sinusoidal shear deformation plate theory (SPT). The material properties of the plate are assumed to vary according to a power law form in the thickness direction. Equilibrium and stability equations are derived based on the SPT. The non-linear governing equations are solved for plates subjected to simply supported boundary conditions. The buckling analysis of a functionally graded plate under various types of thermal loads is carried out. The influences of many plate parameters on buckling temperature difference will be investigated. Numerical results are presented for the SPT, demonstrating its importance and accuracy in comparison to other theories.

关键词： Thermal Buckling Non-Linear strains Functionally Graded Material Sinusoidal Plate

Full-Field Stress Analysis of Perforated Members from Aligned Single-Element Strain Gages

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2022年第2期12卷 29-40页

作者： A.A.Khaja R.E.Rowlands Applied Materials Inc.Santa ClaraCA 95138USA University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI 53706USA

Engineering members often include *** the structural integrity of such members can be highly influenced by associated stresses,determining them may be very challenging for finite shapes operating in an industrial *** is particularly so if the loading is not well known,a common occurrence in practical *** photomechanical methods can be effective,they necessitate optical access to the component,something which is also often *** the above,this paper demonstrates ability to determine the complete stresses throughout a perforated tensile plate using only aligned,single-element strain gages rather than multi-element *** reliability is verified using finite elements,an objective of the technique is for situations when finite element methods are not feasible,e.g.,the loading is inadequately *** approach is applicable to members fabricated from isotropic,orthotropic or functionally-graded materials and is not restricted to a particular shape,cutout arrangement or loading condition.

关键词： Structural integrity stress analysis strains reliability

Safety and Antibody Responses to Aerosolized MMR II Vaccine in Adults: An Exploratory Study

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World Journal of Vaccines 2012年第2期2卷 55-60页

作者： Jose-Luis Diaz-Ortega John V. Bennett Deyanira Castaneda Doris Ma Arellano David Martinez Jorge Fernandez de Castro Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Distrito Federal México Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Cuernavaca México Retired from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia USA

Background: There have been no reported studies involving aerosol immunization with 2 of the 3 components of MMR II vaccine—Attenuvax measles vaccine and Jeryl-Lyn mumps vaccine. Objective: To evaluate the safety and antibody responses to aerosolized Attenuvax measles strain, Jeryl Lynn mumps strain and RA 27/3 rubella component of an MMR vaccine in adults, before assessing the booster administration of this vaccine in children. Methods: A pilot study to evaluate safety and antibody responses of MMR II (Merch Sharp & Dhome Corp., Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA) components administered by aerosol was carried out in 27 healthy adults of 21 to 38 years of age. All participants were followed-up during 28 days following immunization for detection of clinical adverse events. Immune response was evaluated by plaque reduction neutralization test for measles, and commercial ELISA kits for rubella and mumps. Results: Only mild clinical adverse events were noted. Despite high levels of baseline seropositivity to all vaccine components, seroresponses to measles, rubella and mumps occurred in 44%, 15% and 41%, respectively. Conclusions: These outcomes compare favorably with earlier studies of other MMR vaccines given by aerosol. Further evaluations on safety and booster immune response should be performed in children.

关键词： Aerosolized MMR Vaccine Attenuvax Schwarz Measles strains Jeryl Lynn Mumps Strain Adult Immunization Safety Immunogenicity

<i>β</i>-Galactosidase Leakage from <i>Escherichia coli</i>Points to Mechanical Damageas Likely Cause of Carbon Nanotube Toxicity

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Soft Nanoscience Letters 2012年第3期2卷 41-45页

作者： Smita Amarnath Mohammad A. Hussain Vidyanand Nanjundiah A. K. Sood Department of Biotechnology PA College of Engineering Mangalore India Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

We show that the cytotoxic effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on bacteria is mediated by mechanical damage to the cell wall and membrane. Two β-galactosidase-producing strains of Escherichia coli harboringgenomically integrated reporter gene constructs, namely pchbB:lacZand prpoS:lacZ, were used for the purpose. We first verified that CNTs result in an inhibition of cell growth. Enzyme activity was determined using a reporter gene assay in which CNTs were used without the lysis buffer (containing detergent). β-galactosidase activity in the presence of CNTs alone measured several fold more than the controls used (without nanotubes). This suggests that CNTs damage the cell membrane in a manner similar to the detergent in the lysis buffer and render E. coli cell walls porous, causing cell contents including enzymes to leak out into the medium. Our results support the hypothesis that mechanical damage to bacterial cell membranes is the prevailing cause of CNT-cytotoxicity.

关键词： Carbon Nanotubes Cytotoxicity Membrane Damage Microbial strains Reporter Geneassay

Isolation and Purification of Myxobacteria in Chengdu

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2011年第1期3卷 25-27页

作者： LIU Bing-hua YANG Lin FENG Li-fu HE Liu-xing School of Medicine and Nurse Chengdu University Chengdu 610015 China

[ Objective] To lay the basis for further studying bioactive substances in myxobacteria. [ Method] A total of 35 samples including fresh water, mud, rabbit dung, sheep dung, weathered rock and rotten wood were collected from districts and counties of Chengdu. After pretreatment, the myxobacteria were isolated and purified using different methods. Vegetative cells, myxospores, fruiting body and colony morphology of these myxobacteria strains were observed. E ResultJ Forty-two myxobacteda strains were isolated and purified. They were classified into seven genera including Myxococcus, Angiococcus, Chondromyces, Sorangium, Melittangium, Stigmatella and Archangium. The plating efficiency of myxobacteria was highest in the fresh water samples. [ Conclusion] Abundant myxobacteria resource is found in fresh water.

关键词： Myxobacteria Isolation Purification strains