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Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of the Stress Formation Mechanism of FDM with Different Printing Paths

Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第1期11卷 273-289页

作者： Heping Hou Yang Yue Jian Liu Darun Xi Shanhui Liu Faculty of Printing Packaging Engineering and Digital Media TechnologyXi’an University of TechnologyXi’an710000China Shaanxi Beiren Printing Machinery Co. Ltd.Weinan714000China

Environmental contamination has been caused by petroleum-based polymeric materials in the melt deposition *** biodegradable materials have been widely used in the fused deposition modeling(FDM)industry,such as polylactic acid(PLA).However,internal complex thermal stress and deformations in part caused by an uneven distribution of PLA filament deposition temperatures during FDM,which will seriously affect the geometric accuracy of the printed *** order to reduce material waste and environmental pollution during the printing process,the accuracy of PLA part can be ***,numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the temperature field and stress field during the building and cooling process of cuboid *** effects of printing path on the thermal stress and temperature field during the building process were mainly *** results show that the printing path has a significant effect on the stress *** most uni-form stress distribution and the smallest deformation were obtained using the Zig Zag printing ***,the residual stress during the cooling process was collected using strain gauges embedded at the mid-plane of the FDM built cuboid *** simulation results are consistent with the experimental results.

关键词： Fused deposition molding numerical simulation strain gauges stress measurement

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Time Series-, Time-Frequency- and Spectral Analyses of Sensor Measurements in an Offshore Wave Energy Converter Based on Linear Generator Technology

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Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第1期5卷 70-91页

作者： Erland Stromstedt Andrej Savin Olle Svensson Mats Leijon The Swedish Centre for Renewable Electric Energy Conversion Division for ElectricityDepartment of Engineering SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

Inside the second experimental wave energy converter (WEC) launched at the Lysekil research site on the Swedish west coast in March 2009 a number of sensor systems were installed for measuring the mechanical performance of the WEC and its mechanical subsystems. One of the measurement systems was a set-up of 7 laser triangulation sensors for measuring relative displacement of the piston rod mechanical lead-through transmission in the direct drive. Two measurement periods, separated by 2.5 month, are presented in this paper. One measurement is made two weeks after launch and another 3 months after launch. Comparisons and correlations are made between different sensors measuring simultaneously. Noise levels are investigated. Filtering is discussed for further refinement of the laser triangulation sensor signals in order to separate noise from actual physical displacement and vibration. Measurements are presented from the relative displacement of the piston rod mechanical lead-through, from magnetic flux in the air gap, mechanical strain in the WEC structure, translator position and piston rod axial displacement and active AC power. Investigation into the measurements in the time domain with close-ups, in the frequency domain with Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and with time-frequency analysis with short time Fourier transform (STFT) is carried out to map the spectral content in the measurements. End stop impact is clearly visible in the time-frequency analysis. The FFT magnitude spectra are investigated for identifying the cogging bandwidth among other vibrations. Generator cogging, fluctuations in the damping force and in the Lorenz forces in the stator are distinguished and varies depending on translator speed. Vibrations from cogging seem to be present in the early measurement period while not so prominent in the late measurement period. Vibration frequencies due to wear are recognized by comparing with the noise at generator standstill and the vibration sources in th

关键词： Wave Power Wave Energy Converter Linear Generator Sensor Measurements Spectral Analysis Cogging Filtering Laser Triangulation Sensor Draw-Wire Sensor Force Transducer strain gauges Search Coil Power Generation

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