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Responses of leaf stomatal and mesophyll conductance to abiotic stress factors

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第10期21卷 2787-2804页

作者： LI Sheng-lan TAN Ting-ting FAN Yuan-fang Muhammad Ali RAZA WANG Zhong-lin WANG Bei-bei ZHANG Jia-wei TAN Xian-ming CHEN Ping Iram SHAFIQ YANG Wen-yu YANG Feng College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130P.R.China Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping Chengdu 611130P.R.China Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest Ministry of AgricultureChengdu 611130P.R.China

Plant photosynthesis assimilates CO_(2)from the atmosphere,and CO_(2)diffusion efficiency is mainly constrained by stomatal and mesophyll resistance.The stomatal and mesophyll conductance of plants are sensitive to abiotic stress factors,which affect the CO_(2)concentrations at carboxylation sites to control photosynthetic rates.Early studies conducted relevant reviews on the responses of stomatal conductance to the environment and the limitations of mesophyll conductance by internal structure and biochemical factors.However,reviews on the abiotic stress factors that systematically regulate plant CO_(2)diffusion are rare.Therefore,in this review,the rapid and long-term responses of stomatal and mesophyll conductance to abiotic stress factors(such as light intensity,drought,CO_(2)concentration and temperature)and their physiological mechanisms are summarized.Finally,future research trends are also investigated.

关键词： CO_(2)diffusion abiotic stress factors stomatal conductance mesophyll conductance

Response of stomatal conductance of two tree species to vapor pressure deficit in three climate zones

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第6期6卷 771-781页

作者： Jing LI XiaoMing LI School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University

stomatal behavior is a central topic of plant ecophysiological research under global environmental change. However, the physiological mechanism controlling the response of stomata to vapor pressure deficit （VPD） or relative humidity （RH） has been inadequately understood till now. In this study, responses of stomatal conduc- tance （gs） to VPD in two species of trees （Fraxinus chinensis Roxb., Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis Bge.）in three different climate zones （Jinan with typical warm humid/semi-humid climate, Urumqi with temperate continental arid climate and Turpan with extreme arid desert climate） were measured. Levels of two phytohormones （abscisic acid, ABA; indole-3-acetic acid, IAA） in the leaves of the two tree species at these three sites were also measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the responses of gs to an increasing VPD in these two tree species at the three sites had peak curves which could be fitted with a Log Normal Model （gs=a.exp（-O.5（In（DIc）lb）2）. The VPD/RH values corresponding to the maximum g, can be calculated using the fitting models for the two tree species in the three sites. We found that the calculated g, -VPD correlated nega- tively with relative air humidity in the three sites during the plant growth period （April to October 2010）, which showed the values of g,-max-VPD were related to the climate conditions. The prevailing empirical stomatal model （Leuning model） and optimal stomatal behavior model could not properly simulate our measured data. The water use efficiency in the two tree species did not show obvious differences under three very different climatic conditions, but the highest gs, photosynthetic and transpiration rates occurred in P. alba var. of Turpan. The sensitivity in re- sponse of g~ to VPD in leaves of the two trees showed positive correlations with the concentration of ABA, which implied that ABA level could be used as an indicator of the sensitivity of stomatal response to VPD. Our results confirmed that the prediction of t

关键词： abscisic acid relative humidity stomatal conductance stomatal model vapor pressure deficit

Rice dep1 variety maintains larger stomatal conductance to enhance photosynthesis under low nitrogen conditions

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Crop Design 2023年第1期2卷 55-58页

作者： Yihong Li Xiachen Lv Mengmeng Rui Jiang Hu Vadim SVolkov Dali Zeng Yizhou Wang Institute of Crop Science College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China The State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou310006China K.A.Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS 127276MoscowRussia College of Advanced Agricultural Science Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou311300China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China

The DEP1 gene,which corresponds to the erect panicle architecture,shows a pleiotropic effect in increasing grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice.Nevertheless,it remains unclear how nitrogen nutrition affects the photosynthesis in dep1 variety.In the study,we used W7,which carries the gain-of-function dep1 allele and its counterpart wild type plants,in pot trials under two nitrogen conditions.We investigated the differences in photosynthesis,stomatal conductance,and other photosynthetic parameters between the two rice varieties at different levels of nitrogen supply.Our results indicate that dep1 has a higher photosynthetic capacity under low nitrogen conditions due to the larger stomatal conductance.This work reveals that dep1 is more adaptable under a low nitrogen environment by analysis from the perspective of photosynthesis,stomatal function,and nitrogen uptake and assimilation,which provides a theoretical basis for revealing the photosynthetic efficiency of dep1 variety under low nitrogen conditions.

关键词： Nitrogen Photosynthesis stomatal conductance DEP1 Rice

Study on Transpiration and stomatal conductance Characteristics of C3 and C4 Plant

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2009年第4期16卷 1-8页

作者： MENG Jinghui LU Yuanchang Ronald Kohne LIU Gang Resource and Information Institute Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100096 China Faulty of Forest Sciences and Ecology Universitity Goettingen Goettingen 37077 Germany Department of Crop Sciences-Tropical Agronomy Goettingen University Goettingen 37077 Germany College of Horticulture and Forestry Science Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 4300702 China

The transpiration experiment was done under greenhouse conditions with a C3 plant sweet pepper （Capsicum annuum Linn.） and two C4 plants, sorghum （Sorghum bicolor L.Moench） and maize （Zea mays Linn.）. Three species were irrigated with three different water treatment levels of 100%, 66% and 33% which gave a comparison of tolerance and adaptation to irrigation and two different levels of water stress. The measurements of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were done between 8.00 a.m. and 16.00 p.m. with measurements about each 1.5 h with an infrared gas analyzer. The results showed that Z. mays probably due to a higher leaf area had very low values and was significantly different （LSD pairwise comparison） from C. annuum and S. bicolor. The hypotheses that C4 plants and C3 plants have different transpiration rates and stomatal conductance could not be shown with the results. However, the hypotheses that for the same species, the highest values in transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were with the 100% irrigation treatment and the lowest values were with the 33% irrigation treatment could be accepted due to the results of this trial.

关键词： transpiration rate stomatal conductance water stress

Ecophysiology and multivariate analysis for production of Tachigali vulgaris in Brazil:Influence of rainfall seasonality and fertilization

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第5期34卷 1289-1305页

作者： Pedro Henrique Oliveira Simoes Candido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto Manoel Tavares de Paula Dênmora Gomes de Araújo Rodrigo Silva do Vale Joao Olegário Pereira de Carvalho Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Campus Universitario de SinopSinop 78550728Mato GrossoBrazil Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia Campus BelemBelem 66077830ParaBrazil Universidade do Estado do Para Centro de Ciencias Naturais e TecnologiaBelem 66095015ParaBrazil Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia Campus Capitao-PocoCapitao Poco 68650000ParaBrazil

Studies on fertilization management of species native to the Amazon for energy plantations contribute to the diversity of species use and reduce biological risk due to the excessive use of clones or hybrids of Eucalyptus.This study evaluates the effect of precipitation seasonality and phosphorus and potassium fertilization on gas exchange in a Tachigali vulgaris plantation.Three levels of P(zero,65.2,130.4 kg ha^(-1))and three of K(zero,100.0,200.0 kg ha^(-1))were applied in a 3×3 factorial randomized block design.Gas exchange measurements were conducted in April and November 2018.In low rainfall,high irradiance period,photo synthetic rates were up to four times higher than in the high rainfall period,reaching 20.3μmol m^(-2)s^(-1)in the treatment with 130.4 g kg^(-1)of P and 100.0 g kg^(-1)of K.Factor analysis and principal component analysis reduced the initial eight gas exchange variables to two and three principal components in periods of high and low rainfall,respectively.The multivariate method used in this study readily identified variations in the variables as a function of rainfall,with high reliability in explaining the data set.

关键词： Photosynthesis rate stomatal conductance Principal component analysis Factor analysis Tachigali vulgaris

The effect of ozone on pine forests in South-Eastern France from 2017 to 2019

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第2期34卷 301-315页

作者： Anumol Shashikumar Svetlana Bičárová Dalstein-Richier Laurence Groupe International d′Etudes Des Forêts Sud-Européennes(G.I.E.F.S) 69Avenue des Hespérides06300 NiceFrance Institute of Earth Science of the Slovak Academy of Sciences 05960 StaráLesnáTatranskáLomnicaSlovakia

In South-Eastern forests of France,risks linked to the effects of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))are real;its annual impact has been observed specifically near the coastline and in high altitude mountains during the period 2017-2019.In this study,the risk assessment of O_(3)pollutant was carried out using two approaches based on forest response indicators such as O_(3)specific foliar visible injury and by stomatal O_(3)flux.Phytotoxic O_(3)dose values(POD_(0))were obtained by the DO_(3)SE model.The model requires hourly O_(3)concentration for POD_(0)calculation.A modified approach that uses measurements from passive samplers(monthly average O_(3)concentration)was tested for the calculation of POD_(0)and test results showed good agreement with the POD_(0)calculated using hourly O_(3)data.In the model input file,the average O_(3)concentration is used for POD_(0),and this could be useful for POD_(0)calculation when the active monitor is limited.In this study,a flux-based assessment provided better correlation with O_(3)specific leaf injury,which is also species-specific.Foliar visible injury in response to O_(3)indicates that Pinus cembra and Pinus halepensis are more affected and therefore more sensitive than Pinus sylvestris.The POD_(0)and stomatal conductance(Gsto)seem to be induced by environmental factors,primarily rainfall and the soil water potential(fSWP).The correlation between the O_(3)flux metric and environmental variables with forest response indicators by Spearman rank test confirms P.cembra as one of the most sensitive species to O_(3).

关键词： Ozone Foliar visible injury Phytotoxic ozone dose stomatal conductance DO_(3)SE

Gas flaring cause shifts in mesophyll and stomatal functional traits of Betula pubescens Ehrh.

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第6期34卷 2079-2087页

作者： Dina A.Ronzhina Svetlana V.Migalina Irek A.Yusupov Institute Botanic Garden Ural BranchRussian Academy of Sciences202a 8 Marta Str.EkaterinburgRussia 620144 Tyumen State University 6 Volodarskogo Str.TyumenRussia 625003

In petroleum-producing territories of West Siberia(Russia),oil well gas flares have a thermal effect on nearby plant communities.Such communities can be used as models for studying plant acclimation to global warming.In the present study on the effect of the hydrothermal regime at the flare sites on mesophyll and stomatal functional traits of Betula pubescens,leaves were collected from trees at250 m(control site[CS]),200,150 and 100 m(maximum impact site[MIS])from a flare.From the CS to MIS site,the average annual air temperature increased by 0.5℃and bog water level decreased by 17 cm.On plants from the MIS,stomata were 16%smaller and density was 20%lower compared to those at the CS,resulting in lower maximum stomatal conductance in plants from the MIS(mean±SE:MIS 0.84±0.05 mol·m^(-2)s^(-1),CS 1.24±0.06 mol·m^(-2)s^(-1);F=12.6,Pconductance in plants from the MIS.Thus,structural changes in leaf epidermis consisted of a decrease in stomatal size and number,could lower transpiration losses with higher temperatures and less water.To compensate for the reduction in leaf conductance due to a decrease in stomatal conductance under these conditions,an increase in the number of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts per unit area provides a greater gas-exchange area and mesophyll conductance.

关键词： Leaf traits Mesophyll cell volume Chloroplast numbers Mesophyll conductance stomatal conductance

A global meta-analysis of woody plant responses to elevated CO_(2):implications on biomass,growth,leaf N content,photosynthesis and water relations

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 723-743页

作者： Mthunzi Mndela Julius T.Tjelele Ignacio C.Madakadze Mziwanda Mangwane Igshaan M.Samuels Francuois Muller Hosia T.Pule Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem Research Unit(ABEERU) Department of Environmental SciencesUNISAPrivate Bag X6Florida 1710South Africa Agricultural Research Council APIP/Bag X02IrenePretoria 0062South Africa University of Pretoria P/Bag X20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa

Background:Atmospheric CO_(2)may double by the year 2100,thereby altering plant growth,photosynthesis,leaf nutrient contents and water relations.Specifically,atmospheric CO_(2)is currently 50%higher than pre-industrial levels and is projected to rise as high as 936μmol mol^(−1)under worst-case scenario in 2100.The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of elevated CO_(2)on woody plant growth,production,photosynthetic characteristics,leaf N and water relations.Methods:A meta-analysis of 611 observations from 100 peer-reviewed articles published from 1985 to 2021 was conducted.We selected articles in which elevated CO_(2)and ambient CO_(2)range from 600–1000 and 300–400μmol mol^(−1),respectively.Elevated CO_(2)was categorized into700μmol mol^(−1)concentrations.Results:Total biomass increased similarly across the three elevated CO_(2)concentrations,with leguminous trees(LTs)investing more biomass to shoot,whereas non-leguminous trees(NLTs)invested to root production.Leaf area index,shoot height,and light-saturated photosynthesis(A_(max))were unresponsive at700μmol mol^(−1).However,shoot biomass and A_(max)acclimatized as the duration of woody plants exposure to elevated CO_(2)increased.Maximum rate of photosynthetic Rubisco carboxylation(V_(cmax))and apparent maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport(J_(max))were downregulated.Elevated CO_(2)reduced stomatal conductance(g_(s))by 32%on average and increased water use efficiency by 34,43 and 63%for700μmol mol^(−1),respectively.Leaf N content decreased two times more in NLTs than LTs growing at elevated CO_(2)than ambient CO_(2).Conclusions:Our results suggest that woody plants will benefit from elevated CO_(2)through increased photosyn-thetic rate,productivity and improved water status,but the responses will vary by woody plant traits and length of exposure to elevated CO_(2).

关键词： Atmospheric CO_(2) Biomass production Leaf nitrogen content Meta-analysis Photosynthetic rate stomatal conductance Water use efficiency Woody plants

Morphological and physiological responses to drought stress of carob trees in Mediterranean ecosystems

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第5期15卷 562-577页

作者： Khouloud ZAGOUB Khouloud KRICHEN Mohamed CHAIEB Lobna F MNIF Laboratory of Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Arid Land of Tunisia Faculty of SciencesUniversity of SfaxSfax 3000Tunisia

The greatest failure rate of reforestation programs is basically related to water deficit,especially at the seedling stage.Therefore,the main objective of this work is to investigate the responses of three accessions of carob trees(Ceratonia siliqua L.)with 2-year-old from different climate regions to drought generated by four water treatments:Tc(250 mm),T1(180 mm),T2(100 mm),and T3(50 mm).The first accession(A1)comes from the protected national park of Ichkeul in northern Tunisia.This zone belongs to the bioclimatic sub-humid stage.The second accession(A2)comes from Melloulech,located in the center-east of Tunisia,belonging to the bioclimatic semi-arid stage.The third accession(A3)comes from the mountain of Matmata,located in the south of Tunisia,belonging to the bioclimatic hyper-arid stage.The experiment was undertaken in a greenhouse.Gaz exchange indices(net photosynthesis(A),stomatal conductance(gs),transpiration rate(E),and internal CO_(2) concentration(Ci))were determined.Predawn(Ψpd)and midday(Ψmd)leaf water potentials,relative soil water content(SWC),and morphological parameters(plant height(H),number of leaves(NL),number of leaflets(Nl),and number of branches(NB))were estimated.The results showed that significant differences(P<0.001)were found between physiological and morphological parameters of each accession.The highest growth potential was recorded for Tc treatment in both accessions A1 and A2.Significant decreases in gs,E,Ci,and SWC were recorded with the increases in water stress applied from treatment T1 to T3.Positive and significant correlations were found between SWC andΨpd for all studied accessions.Ψpd andΨmd decreased as water stress increased,ranging from–0.96 to–1.50 MPa at sunrise and from–1.94 to–2.83 MPa at midday,respectively,under control and T3 treatments.C.siliqua accessions responded to drought through exhibiting significant changes in their physiological and morphological behavior.Both accessions A1 and A2 showed greater drought tolerance than accession A3.These seedlings exhibit

关键词： Ceratonia siliqua L. water stress soil moisture stomatal conductance predawn leaf water potential minimum water potential