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Relation of Leaf stomatal Traits to Yield and Drought Resistance of Wheat

Meteorological and Environmental Research 2013年第5期4卷 54-58页

作者： Zhongqing Li Shoushan Jia Daizhen Sun Shuguang Wang Yugang Shi Hua Fan Zenghao Liang Ruilian Jing College of Agronomy Shanxi Agricultural University Millet Research Institute Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the relation of leaf stomatal traits to yield and drought resistance of wheat. [ Method] Using the DH population of wheat cultivar Hanxuanl0/Lumai14 as the test object, the relation of leaf stomatal density （SD）, length （SL） and width （ SW）, stomatal conductance （g,）, photosynthetic rate （ Pn ）, transpiration rate （ Tr） to grain yield per plant and index of drought resistance （IDR） on the 10th and 20t＂ day after anthesis under the conditions of drought stress and normal irrigation were discussed by the methods of correlation analysis and path analysis. [ Result] Under the two water conditions, the correlations of these stomatal traits with yield components and IDR were mostly not significant on the 10t＂ day after anthesis, but there were significantly positive correlations between thousand kernel weight （TKW） and these traits on the 20^th day after anthesis. Path analysis showed that g,, Pn and Tt, were main factors affecting yield per plant （YPP） and IDR, and they had stron- ger direct effects on YPP and IDR, while their indirect interaction was also strong. The direct effects of SD, SL and SW on YPP and IDR were small, as well as their indirect action among SD, SL and SW. On the other hand, the correlations between SD and SL were significant, and the correlations of SL with SW, gn, P, and Tt, were extremely significant on the 10th and 20th day after anthesis under the two water conditions. However, the correlations of SD and SL with g,, P,, and Tr changed with water conditions or growth stages, showing that water conditions or growth stages had great effects on the correlations between two traits. Therefore, it is not always a good means to improve stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate and hence promote wheat yield by selecting stomatal density and size. [ Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for revealing the roles of leaf stomatal traits in wheat breeding for drought resis

关键词： Wheat stomata Yield Drought resistance Correlation analysis Path analysis China

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RNA polymerase Ⅱ regulates stomatal development in Arabidopsis

RNA polymerase Ⅱ regulates stomatal development in Arabidop...

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2016年全国植物生物学大会

作者： Liang Chen Suiwen Hou Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou University

stomata,which consist of paired guard cells,are known to have played crucial roles in the colonization of land by plants. Turgor-driven stomatal movement controls transpiration and gas exchange between plants and the environment. Several key genes and regulatory networks underlying stomatal development have been uncovered by molecular genetic analysis,however,much less is known about how signals involved in stomatal development are transmitted to RNA polymerase Ⅱ(Pol Ⅱ),which plays a central role in the transcription of m RNA coding genes. Herein,we reported a partial loss-offunction mutant of the third largest subunit of nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerase Ⅱ(NRPB3). It exhibited an increased number of stomatal lineage cells and stomatal clusters. Similar stomatal phenotypes were observed in a weak allele of the second largest subunit of nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerase Ⅱ(NRPB2). These results suggested that Pol Ⅱ plays essential roles in stomatal development. Genetic analysis indicated that NRPB3 synergistically interacted with stomatal patterning and differentiation regulators. We also found physical associations of NRPB3 with two b HLH transcription factors,FAMA and INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION1(ICE1),indicating that NRPB3 serves as an acceptor for signals from transcription factors involved in stomatal development. Our findings highlight the surprisingly conserved activating mechanisms mediated by the third largest subunit of Pol Ⅱ in eukaryotes.

关键词： stomata RNA polymerase Ⅱ patterning differentiation NRPB3

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ABA regulation of stomatal movement and root growth

ABA regulation of stomatal movement and root growth

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从植物科学到农业发展——2012全国植物生物学大会

作者： Deping Hua,Cun Wang,Junna He,Ying Duan,Zhizhong Gong State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,China Agricultural University.

Abscisic acid(ABA) promotes the ROS production through plasma membrane-associated NADPH oxidases in ABA *** regulates stomatal movement and root growth. We performed genetic screens to identify the mutants that show different responses to ABA. Among them,GHR1(Guard Cell hydrogen peroxide ReSISTANT1) encodes a receptor-like kinase localized on the plasma membrane in *** ghr1 mutation impaired ABA and H

关键词： ABA GHRl stomata Root growth ABO

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Comparison of stomatal Characteristics between Dendrobium loddigesii and Dendrobium candidum

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2011年第8期12卷 1161-1165页

作者：孙志蓉王美云张宏桂金家兴李碧彪北京中医药大学中药学院北京100102 河北省廊坊市人民医院河北廊坊065000 贵州吉仁堂药业公司贵州兴义562400

[Objective]This study was to reveal the physiological and ecological mechanism of growth and development of test-tube seedlings.[Methods]Leaf stomata of test-tube seedlings of *** and *** at different growth and development stages were observed under scanning electron microscope,and their fluorescence induction response curve was assayed by using modulate fluorometer.[Results] At each growth and development stage,*** test-tube seedling has a higher leaf stomatal density over ***,while a lower stomata opening *** with the growth,the size of stomata of both *** and *** did not change obviously,but their stoma density increased by 83% and 17.6% *** stomata opening rate reached the highest at the age of *** the conditions of three settled light intensities,stomatal opening degree of *** was increased by the intensity of illumination,the maximum aperture occurred at the light intensity of 54 μmol/m2·*** the same culture condition,both the maximum electron transport rate（14 μmol/m2·s）and light saturation point（318 μmol/m2·s）of *** test-tube seedling are lower than that of ***（20 μmol/m2·s,483 μmol/m2·s）.Moreover,the potential photosynthetic capacity of *** is relatively poor.[Conclusion]The photosynthetic rate varies among different species of Dendrobium,which could be attributed to their different stomatal ***,the light intensity of tissue culture chamber is set up as 27 μmol/（m2·s）,where both *** and *** do not acquire an optimal state for their leaf stomatal *** the characteristics to select suitable culture condition,the stomatal aperture and photosynthetic rate could be enhanced,which can promote the growth and development of test-tube seedlings.

关键词： Dendrobium loddigesii Dendrobium candidum Tissue culture stomata Photosynthetic characteristics

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New components regulating stomatal development:sterols and RNA polymerase Ⅱ

New components regulating stomatal development:sterols and R...

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第二届全国发育生物学大会

作者： Pingping Qian Liang Chen Suiwen Hou Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou University

stomata,the highly specialized epidermal structures consisting of paired,kidney-shaped guard cells,control transpiration and gas exchange between plants and the *** patterning represents an ideal system for analyzing plant cell division and *** key genes regulating stomatal development have been identified and a regulatory network including ligands,receptors,a MAPK cascade,and transcription factors has been ***,new components and mechanisms involved in stomatal development are needed to be *** isolated two new mutants named fk-J3158 and J3243 in an ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis ***-J3158 is a weak allele of the Arabidopsis sterol C-14reductase gene FACKEL(FK)that shows clusters of small cells and stomata in leaf *** profile analysis revealed that the fk-J3158 mutation blocked downstream sterol production and produced some exceptional sterol *** investigation indicated that cyclopropylsterol isomerasel(cpi1),sterol 14ademethylase(cyp51A2)and hydral(hyd1)mutants,corresponding to enzymes in the same branch of the sterol biosynthetic pathway,displayed defective stomatal development phenotypes,similar to those observed for ***,an inhibitor of the FK sterol C-14 reductase in Arabidopsis,also caused these abnormal small-cell and stomata phenotypes in wild-type *** experiments demonstrated that sterol biosynthesis is required for correct stomatal patterning,probably through an additional signaling pathway that has yet to be *** analyses of time-lapse cell division patterns,stomatal precursor cell division markers and DNA ploidy suggest that sterols are required to properly restrict cell proliferation,asymmetric fate specification,cell-fate commitment and maintenance in the stomatal lineage *** events occur after physical asymmetric division of stomatal precursor *** results would be essential for further revealing the mechan

关键词： stomata stomatal development sterols RNA polymerase Ⅱ

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LOWER TEMPERATURE 1 Enhances ABA Responses and Plant Drought Tolerance by Modulating the Stability and Localization of C2-Domain ABA-Related Proteins in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2019年第9期12卷 1243-1258页

作者： Tao Qin Qiuzhen Tian Guifeng Wang Liming Xiong College of Grassland Agriculture Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsCollege of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongChina Texas A&M Agrilife Research Center DallasTXUSA State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology Chinese University of Hong KongMa Liu ShuiHong KongChina

Plasma membrane-associated abscisic acid(ABA)signal transduction is an integral part of ABA *** C2-domain ABA-related(CAR)proteins play important roles in the recruitment of ABA receptors to the plasma membrane to facilitate ABA ***,how CAR proteins are regulated remains *** this study,we conducted a genetic screen for mutants with altered leaf transpiration and identified an uncharacterized protein,LOWER TEMPERATURE 1(LOT1),which regulates the dynamic localization and stability of CAR *** lotimutant had a lower leaf temperature as compared with the wild type due to higher *** found that LOT1 physically interacts with CAR9,and ABA reduces LOT1-CAR9 interaction in the nucleus,likely via Ca^2+,resulting in increased localization of CAR9 to the plasma *** further found that the stability of CAR9 is affected by LOT1 less CAR9 proteins were accumulated and more were ubiquitinated in *** the lot1 car9 and/of f car9 mutants were hyposerisitive to ABA,the hyposensitive phenotype of loticould be rescued by CAR9 ***,our study reveals that LOT1 regulates plant tolerance to drought stress by affecting ABA signaling through regulating the stability and dynamic localization of CAR9.

关键词： LOT1 CAR9 Drought tolerance ABA signaling stomata transpiration

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NRGA1, a Putative Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier, Mediates ABA Regulation of Guard Cell Ion Channels and Drought Stress Responses in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2014年第10期7卷 1508-1521页

作者： Chun-Long Li Mei Wang Xiao-Yan Ma Wei Zhang Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation Ministry of Education School of Life Science Shandong UniversityJinan 250100 China

Abscisic acid （ABA） regulates ion channel activity and stomatal movements in response to drought and other stresses. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana gene NRGA1 is a putative mitochondrial pyruvate carrier which negatively regulates ABA-induced guard cell signaling. NRGA1 transcript was abundant in the A. thaliana leaf and par- ticularly in the guard cells, and its product was directed to the mitochondria. The heterologous co-expression of NRGA1 and AtMPC1 in yeast complemented a loss-of-function mitochondrial pyruvate carrier （MPC） mutant. The nrgal loss-of- function mutant was very sensitive to the presence of ABA in the context of stomatal movements, and exhibited a height- ened tolerance to drought stress. Disruption of NRGA1 gene resulted in increased ABA inhibition of inward K＋ currents and ABA activation of slow anion currents in guard cells. The nrgal/NRGA1 functional complementation lines restored the mutant＇s phenotypes. Furthermore, transgenic lines of constitutively overexpressing NRGA1 showed opposite stomatal responses, reduced drought tolerance, and ABA sensitivity of guard cell inward K＋ channel inhibition and anion channel activation. Our findings highlight a putative role for the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in guard cell ABA signaling in response to drought.

关键词： NRGAI mitochondrial pyruvate carrier ABA guard cell stomata inward K+ channel slow anion channel drought stress.

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HOS3, an ELO-Like Gene, Inhibits Effects of ABA and Implicates a S-1-P/Ceramide Control System for Abiotic Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2009年第1期2卷 138-151页

作者： Tanya M. Quist Irina Sokolchik Huazhong Shi Robert J. Joly Ray A. Bressan Albino Maggio Meena Narsimhan Xia Li Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-2010 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech University l-ubbock TX 79409-1061 USA Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy University of Naples Federico II Via Universita 100 Portici (NA) Italy 80055 The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang Hebei 050021 China

A hyper-osmotically sensitive mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, designated hos3-1 （high expression of osmotically responsive genes）, was identified based on its hyper-luminescence of RD29A：LUC promoter fusion plants upon treatment with NaCI and ABA. These responses implicate the disrupted gene as a direct or indirect negative regulator of the RD29A stress-responsive pathway. By sequencing the flanking regions of the T-DNA borders, it was determined that the disrupted gene is at locus At4g36830, annotated as encoding a putative protein with high homology to CIG30 （ELO2/FEN1）. CIG30 has been implicated in synthesis of very long chain fatty acids （VLCFA）, which are essential precursors for sphingolipids and ceramides. Altered stress responses characteristic of ABA-hypersensitivity, including reduced root growth inhibition and reduced germination with ABA treatment and reduced water loss from leaves, were exhibited by allelic hos3-1 and hos3-2 mutants. The hos3-2 mutant is partially suppressed in its transcript abundance and is inherited as a recessive trait. Further, the HOS30RF under the control of the 35SCaMV promoter restored wild-type NaCI- and ABA-root growth sensitivity as well as RD29A：LUC luminescence in mutant plants. We also show here that the HOS3 wild-type gene functionally complements the sensitivity of elo2 and elo3 yeast mutants to monensin. Furthermore, both hos3-1 and hos3-2 alleles shared increased sensitivity to the herbicide Metolachlor, which inhibits acyl chain elongation in synthesis of VLCFA, and HOS3 functionally complemented both elo2 and elo3 and restored levels of VLCFA. Together, these data establish that HOS3 inhibits ABA-mediated stress responses and implicate the VLCFA pathway and products as control points for several aspects of abiotic stress signaling and responses. The results also provide support for a role of ceramide in the control of stomatal behavior.

关键词： Abiotic stress Arabidopsis ABA signal pathway stomata very long chain fatty acid pathway.

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Capacity of Old Trees to Respond to Environmental Change

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1355-1364页

作者： Nathan G.Phillips Thomas N.Buckley David T.Tissue Centre for Plant and Food Science University of Western Sydney Department of Geography and Environment Boston University Department of Biology Sonoma State University School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre

Atmospheric carbon dioxide [CO2] has increased dramatically within the current life spans of long-lived trees and old forests. Consider that a 500-year-old tree in the early twenty-first century has spent 70% of its life growing under preindustrial levels of [CO2], which were 30% lower than current levels. Here we address the question of whether old trees have already responded to the rapid rise in [CO2] occurring over the past 150 years. In spite of limited data, aging trees have been shown to possess a substantial capacity for increased net growth after a period of post-maturity growth decline. Observations of renewed growth and physiological function in old trees have, in some instances, coincided with Industrial Age increases in key environmental resources, including [CO2], suggesting the potential for continued growth in old trees as a function of continued global climate change.

关键词： carbon dioxide hydraulic limitation old growth stomata tree rings.

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Farnesylcysteine Lyase Regulation of Abscisic Arabidopsis is Involved in Negative Acid Signaling in

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Molecular Plant 2010年第1期3卷 143-155页

作者： David H. Huizinga Ryan Denton Kelly G. Koehler Ashley Tomasello Lyndsay Wood Stephanie E. Sen Dring N. Crowell Department of Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis 723 West Michigan Street Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Department of Chemistry Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis 402 N. Blackford Street Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Department of Chemistry The College of New Jersey 2000 Pennington Road Ewing NJ 08628 USA Department of Biological Sciences Idaho State University 650 Memorial Drive Pocatello ID 83209 USA

The Arabidopsis FCLY gene encodes a specific farnesylcysteine （FC） lyase, which is responsible for the oxidative metabolism of FC to farnesal and cysteine. In addition, fcly mutants with quantitative decreases in FC lyase activity exhibit an enhanced response to ABA. However, the enzymological properties of the FCLY-encoded enzyme and its precise role in ABA signaling remain unclear. Here, we show that recombinant Arabidopsis FC lyase expressed in insect cells exhib- its high selectivity for FC as a substrate and requires FAD and molecular oxygen for activity. Arabidopsis FC lyase is also shown to undergo post-translational N-glycosylation. FC, which is a competitive inhibitor of isoprenylcysteine methyltransferase （ICMT）, accumulates in fcly mutants. Moreover, the enhanced response of fcly mutants to ABA is reversed by ICMToverexpression. These observations support the hypothesis that the ABA hypersensitive phenotype of fcly plants is the result of FC accumulation and inhibition of ICMT.

关键词： Hormone biology primary metabolism seed biology stomata membrane proteins Arabidopsis.

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