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Adverse impact of industrial animal agriculture on the health and welfare of farmed animals

Integrative Zoology 2006年第1期1卷 53-58页

作者： Joyce D’SILVA Compassion in World Farming PetersfieldHampshireUK

Industrial animal agriculture is grounded in the concept of maximizing productivity and *** breeding for maximum productivity in one characteristic of the animal(*** yield in cows,or breast meat in broiler chickens)has resulted in genotypes and phenotypes that may predispose the animals to poor health and *** conditions in which these individuals are kept may also frustrate many inherited behaviors that they are strongly motivated to *** order to curb the resulting harmful aberrant behaviors,such as feather-pecking in chickens,we sometimes resort to mutilating the *** many places chickens are routinely de-beaked by means of a hot metal *** in World Farming(an international organization that promotes the humane treatment of farm animals)believes that it is unethical to treat sentient beings in such *** have a duty to respect farm animals’sentience by providing them with housing conditions that take their needs and wants into account,and by reverting to the use of dual-purpose,slower-growing breeds that have the potential for good *** to current farming practices are available,and we owe it to the animals,and to our consciences,to pursue them.

关键词： animal welfare intensive animal husbandry selective breeding stereotypic behavior

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Effects of odors on behaviors of captive Amur leopards Panthera pardus orientalis

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Current Zoology 2009年第1期55卷 20-27页

作者： Shuangying YU Zhigang JIANG Hui ZHU Chunwang LI Enquan ZHANG Jinguo ZHANG Carin HARRINGTON Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Beijing Zoological Garden Beijing 100044 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China behavioral Conservation and Design Gold Bird Foundation Hong Kong China

Captive environments often fail to resemble the wild environment in respects of limited space, unchanging habitat, lack of stimulus and contingency. Common animal welfare problems which occur in captive animals include low behavioral diversity, abnormal behavior and excessive inactivity. Environmental enrichment, as an effective strategy to tackle these problems and promote mental health of captive animals, has been recognized as an important principal for captive animal management. Among all the enriehment techniques, olfactory enrichment is a simple and effective method for improving the well-being of the olfactory sensitive felids. behavioral problems were observed in six Amur leopards Panthera pardus orientalis at Beijing Zoological Garden. These were held in the older type exhibits which have now been rebuilt. These behaviors include stereotypic behavior and excessive inactivity caused by the spatially limited enclosures with low levels of stimuli. To determine the effects of predator, prey, and herb odors as potential enrichment materials for captive leopards, we conducted olfactory enrichment experiments for the leopards and tested the effects of nutmeg Myristica fragrans, feces of roe deer Capreolus capreolus and urine of Amur tiger Panthera tigris altaica to test for an increase in behavioral repertoire and activity. Odors provided in this study were also believed to improve the psychological and physiological health of individuals. To standardize the method of presentation the odors were introduced to the enclosures by rubbing or spraying onto a clean towel. Our results show that the selected three odors effectively increased the behavioral diversity. Ten new behavior types were observed in the nutmeg experiment, eight in the feces of roe deer experiment and six in the tiger urine experiment. Among the three odors, cats responded to nutmeg for the longest duration, followed by tiger urine and feces of roe deer. Leopards showed more play behavior in presenc

关键词： Panthera pardus orientalis Environmental enrichment Olfactory enrichment behavioral diversity stereotypic behavior Animal welfare

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