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Effect of Indoor Concentrate Feeding vs. Outdoor Grazing on the Expression of Genes Involved in Muscle Growth and Nutrient Content in Japanese Black steer Muscle

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2014年第5期4卷 297-304页

作者： Masahiro Shibata[*] Kazunori Matsumoto Yasuko Hikino Naoyuki Yamamoto Livestock Production and Wildlife Management Research Division NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center Shimane Japan

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of outdoor grazing on the expression of genes involved in muscle growth and the nutrient contents of skeletal muscle in steers. Ten Japanese Black steers were divided into two groups: grazing (GR) and concentrate (CT) groups. Crude protein, extractable lipid, moisture, fatty acid, cooking loss and Warner Bratzler shear force in muscle tissue were analyzed. The gene expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform (2a, 2x and slow), myostatin, follistatin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), heat shock protein (HSP) 27 and HSP40 in skeletal muscles was evaluated at the end of fattening. Decreases in MyHC-2a and MyHC-2x (fast-twitch fiber type) expression in the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle were detected in the GR group compared with the CT group;in contrast, an increase in MyHC-slow (slow-twitch fiber type) expression was shown in the GR group. These results suggest that grazing initiated muscle fiber type conversion to slow-twitch from fast-twitch. A decrease in extractable lipid content was observed in the GR group in the LL and semitendinosus (ST) muscles. Crude protein content in the LL muscle in the GR group was higher than in the CT group. MyHC expression in LL muscle in the GR group was greater than in the CT group. A decrease in myostatin and PPARγ2 gene expression was detected in the GR group compared with the CT group in both muscles. Expression of C/EBPα in LL muscle in the GR group was lower than in the CT group. These results suggest that grazing steers at the end of fattening may lead to an increase in protein content and a decrease in fat accumulation in LL and/or ST muscles by regulation of myostatin, MyHC, PPARγ2 and C/EBPα gene expression.

关键词： Grazing Gene Expression Japanese Black steer Muscle Growth Nutrient Content

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Integrated Control of Lateral and Vertical Vehicle Dynamics Based on Multi-agent System

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2014年第2期27卷 304-318页

作者： HUANG Chen CHEN Long YUN Chaochun JIANG Haobin CHEN Yuexia School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu University

The existing research of the integrated chassis control mainly focuses on the different evaluation indexes and control strategy. Among the different evaluation indexes, the comprehensive properties are usually not considered based on the non-linear superposition principle. But, the control strategy has some shortages on tyre model with side-slip angle, road adhesion coefficient, vertical load and velocity. In this paper, based on belief, desire and intention（BDI）-agent model framework, the TYRE agent, electric power steering（EPS） agent and active suspension system（ASS） agent are proposed. In the system（SYS） agent, the coordination mechanism is employed to manage interdependences and conflicts among other agents, so as to improve the flexibility, adaptability, and robustness of the global control system. Due to the existence of the simulation demand of dynamic performance, the vehicle multi-body dynamics model is established by SIMPACK. And then the co-simulation analysis is conducted to evaluate the proposed multi-agent system（MAS） controller. The simulation results demonstrate that the MAS has good effect on the performance of EPS and ASS. Meantime, the better road feeling for the driver is provided considering the multiple and complex driving traffic. Finally, the MAS rapid control prototyping is built to conduct the real vehicle test. The test results are consistent to the simulation results, which verifies the correctness of simulation. The proposed research ensures the driving safety, enhances the handling stability, and improves the ride comfort.

关键词： tire steer suspension multi-agent vehicle dynamics

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Effects of Plant Tannin Extracts Supplementation on Animal Performance and Gastrointestinal Parasites Infestation in steers Grazing Winter Wheat

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2015年第3期5卷 343-350页

作者： B. R. Min K. Hernandez W. E. Pinchak R. C. Anderson J. E. Miller E. Valencia Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Vernon USA Tuskegee University Tuskegee USA College of Agricultural Sciences University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez Puerto Rico United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center Food and Feed Safety Research Unit College Station USA Department of Pathological Science School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA

Twenty-six stocker cattle (286.1 ± 25.7 kg) were used to quantify the effect of commercial plant tannin extracts (control vs. mimosa and chestnut tannins) on animal performance, gastrointestinal parasites control and plasma metabolite changes in heifers grazing winter wheat forage (Triticum aestivum L. var. “cutter”). The forage biomass and crude protein content were generally similar among treatments. Initial live-weight (LW) was similar among treatments, although final LW (P = 0.1) and average daily gain (ADG;P P Ostertagia was lower (P P P < 0.02) for chestnut tannins group than for control, and intermediate for mimosa tannins. However, cholesterol level was similar among treatment after 20 days cessation of tannins treatments. Our data suggest that heifers grazing winter wheat forage supplemented with plant tannins rather than control (non-tannins group) increased ADG (8% to 19%) for mimosa and chestnut tannins groups, respectively with no detectable detrimental effects on animal health. The increase in ADG may be due to decrease fecal parasites infections.

关键词： Average Daily Gain Gastrointestinal Parasites steer Tannins

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Metabolizable Amino Acid Requirements of Feedlot Calves

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2016年第2期6卷 149-155页

作者： M. F. Montaño W. Tejada J. Salinas R. A. Zinn Instituto de Investigaciones de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Mexicali México Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Ciudad Victoria México Animal Science Department University of California El Centro USA

One hundred ninety-two crossbred steers (229 kg) were used to evaluate the influence of metabolizable amino acid intake on growth performance and health during the initial 42-d receiving period. Treatments consisted of four levels of metabolizable lysine (23, 24, 25 and 26 g/kg diet DM). Morbidity averaged 36%, and was not affected (P > 0.20) by treatments. No steers died during the study. Increasing the metabolizable lysine supply increased DMI, ADG, gain efficiency, and dietary NE (linear effect, P steers (214 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum. Metabolizable amino acid supply of the diet was in close agreement with expected (R2 = 0.99;P < 0.0001) based on NRC (2000) [12] Level 1 model. The metabolizable amino acid supplies for treatments in Trial 1 were estimated by adding tabular metabolizable amino acid values for the respective supplemental proteins (cottonseed meal and fish meal) to the observed metabolizable amino acid supply of the basal diet. Treatment effects on metabolizable lysine supply explained 99% of the variation (P < 0.01) in ADG, and 91% of the variation in observed versus expected dietary NE. The biological value for the intestinal chyme was determined based on chemical score technique, using bovine tissue as the reference protein. Accordingly, methionine and lysine were closely co-limiting amino acids having ratios of 77% and 79%, respectively. We conclude that current NRC standards reliably predict both requirements and supplies of metabolizable amino acids for feedlot calves. Diet formulations that do not meet the metabolizable amino acid requirements may depress both ADG and the partial efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for maintenance and gain.

关键词： Amino Acid Protein Metabolism steer Feedlot

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