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Recycling of ironmaking and steelmaking slags in Japan and China

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第4期29卷 739-749页

作者： Hiroyuki Matsuura Xiao Yang Guangqiang Li Zhangfu Yuan Fumitaka Tsukihashi Graduate School of Engineering The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province School of EngineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Institute of Advanced Technology Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhou 310024China Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656Japan

The mass production of steel is inevitably accompanied by large quantities of slags.The treatment of ironmaking and steelmaking slags is a great challenge in the sustainable development of the steel industry.Japan and China are two major steel producing countries that have placed a large emphasis on developing new technologies to decrease slag emission or promote slag valorization.Slags are almost completely reused or recycled in Japan.However,due to stagnant infrastructural investments,future applications of slags in conventional sectors are expected to be difficult.Exploring new functions or applications of slags has become a research priority in Japan.For example,the utilization of steelmaking slags in offshore seabeds to create marine forests is under development.China is the top steel producer in the world.The utilization ratios of ironmaking and steelmaking slags have risen steadily in recent years,driven largely by technological advances.For example,hot stage processing of slags for materials as well as heat recovery techniques has been widely applied in steel plants with good results.However,increasing the utilization ratio of basic oxygen furnace slags remains a major challenge.Technological innovations in slag recycling are crucial for the steel industries in Japan and China.Here,the current status and developing trends of utilization technologies of slags in both countries are reviewed.

关键词： ironmaking steelmaking slag recycling seawater stabilization

Leaching process of phosphorus and iron from steelmaking slag into malic acid solution

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2022年第6期29卷 951-960页

作者： Ning-ning Lv Chang Su Hui Kong Hai-chuan Wang Yuan-chi Dong Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction and Resources Recycling Ministry of EducationAnhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan 243002AnhuiChina School of Metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan 243002AnhuiChina

In order to remove phosphorus element from steelmaking slag and decrease iron loss,malic acid was selected as the leaching agent to dissolve steelmaking slag.Firstly,the influences of different factors,such as malic acid concentration,slag particle size,temperature,liquid/solid ratio and stirring speed,on the leaching ratios of phosphorus and iron were studied.Then,the kinetics for the leaching process of phosphorus was analyzed.The results showed that the leaching ratios of phosphorus and iron increase significantly with increasing the malic acid solution concentration and liquid/solid ratio.When the concentration of malic acid solution increases up to 0.01492 mol/L,about 80%phosphorus can be dissolved,and iron leaching ratio is less than 17%.In addition,decreasing slag particle size can obviously increase the leaching ratio of phosphorus.However,temperature and stirring speed have no significant effect on the dissolution of phosphorus and iron.The leaching kinetics of phosphorus follows the unreacted shrinking core model.Diffusion through product layer is the rate-limiting step of the leaching process,and the corresponding apparent activation energy is determined to be 3.32 kJ/mol.Finally,a semi-empirical kinetic equation was established.

关键词： Leaching process steelmaking slag Phosphorus Iron Malic acid solution

Technology progress and prospects of steelmaking plant at Baosteel

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Baosteel Technical Research 2010年第S1期4卷 15-页

作者： ZHENG Yiyu steelmaking Plant,Baoshan Iron & Steel Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200941,China

A brief introduction to Baosteel's steelmaking plant,the increase of its crude steel output and development of its product variety in the past 25 years is given in this paper.The technical progress in hot metal pretreatment,converter,secondary refining,continuous casting,comprehensive utilization of resources and environmental protection is also introduced.The present situation and level of the technologies,such as production of clean steel,RH vacuum refining,breakout prediction system of slab continuous casting, electromagnetic stirring and slag treatment by a rotary cylinder at Baosteel are described as well.These technologies provided good conditions for developing high value-added products and comprehensive utilization of resources at Baosteel.The future development trend of steelmaking technology of Baosteel is proposed.

关键词： steelmaking continuous casting comprehensive utilization of resources environmental protection

End-point dynamic control of basic oxygen furnace steelmaking based on improved unconstrained twin support vector regression

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2020年第1期27卷 42-54页

作者： Chuang Gao Ming-gang Shen Xiao-ping Liu Nan-nan Zhao Mao-xiang Chu School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan 114051LiaoningChina School of Electronic and Information Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan 114051LiaoningChina School of Information and Electrical Engineering Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJinan 250101ShandongChina

In order to improve the end-point hit rate of basic oxygen furnace steelmaking,a novel dynamic control model was proposed based on an improved twin support vector regression algorithm.The controlled objects were the end-point carbon content and temperature.The proposed control model was established by using the low carbon steel samples collected from a steel plant,which consists of two prediction models,a preprocess model,two regulation units,a controller and a basic oxygen furnace.The test results of 100 heats show that the prediction models can achieve a double hit rate of 90%within the error bound of 0.005 wt.%C and 15℃.The preprocess model was used to predict an initial end-blow oxygen volume.However,the double hit rate of the carbon con tent and temperature only achieves 65%.Then,the oxygen volume and coolant additi ons were adjusted by the regulation units to improve the hit rate.Finally,the double hit rate after the regulation is reached up to 90%.The results indicate that the proposed dynamic control model is efficient to guide the real production for low carbon steel,and the modeling method is also suitable for the applications of other steel grades.

关键词： steelmaking Basic oxygen furnace End-point control Twin support vector regression Wavelet transform

A review of carbon dioxide disposal technology in the converter steelmaking process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第11期27卷 1421-1429页

作者： Rong Zhu Bao-chen Han Kai Dong Guang-sheng Wei School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Research Center of Special Melting and Preparation of High-end Metal Materials University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

In last decade,the utilization of CO?resources in steelmaking has achieved certain metallurgical effects and the technology is maturing.In this review,we summarized the basic reaction theory of CO2,the CO2 conversion,and the change of energy-consumption when CO2 was introduced in converter steelmaking process.In the CO2-O2 mixed injection(COMI)process,the CO2 conversion ratio can be obtained as high as 80%or more with a control of the CO2 ratio in mixture gas and the flow rate of CO2,and the energy is saving and even the energy consumption can be reduced by 145.65 MJ/t under certain operations.In addition,a complete route of CO2 disposal technology is proposed combining the comparatively mature technologies of CO2 capture,CO2 compression,and liquid CO2 storage to improve the technology of CO2 utilization.The results are expected to form a large-scale,highly efficient,and valuable method to dispose of CO2.

关键词： CO2 utilization carbon dioxide steelmaking enhanced stirring temperature control

Effect of Al2O3/TiO2/Na2O on enrichment of phosphorus in P-bearing steelmaking slag

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2019年第8期26卷 796-805页

作者： Kan Yu Yan-ling Zhang Feng-shan Li Ming Gao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

To explore the influence of Al2O3/TiO2/Na2O on the mineralogical structure and phosphorus enrichment of converter slag, phosphorus enrichment and distribution in the CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-MgO-Al2O3/TiO2/Na2O slag system were experimen-tally examined. The results show that phosphorus mainly exists in an n2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 (nC2S-C3P) solid solution. Al2O3/TiO2/Na2O is beneficial for phosphorus enrichment in the CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-MgO slag system to various degrees. This allows screening and separation of the enriched phase in the slag. When Al2O3 content was increased from 0 to 15%, the P2O5 content in the P-rich phase increased from 13.88 to 21.32%, and the area of the P-rich phase decreased from 57.50 to 37.87%. When the TiO2 content was increased from 0 to 10%, the content of P2O5 in the P-rich phase increased from 13.88 to 22.90%, and the area of the P-rich phase decreased from 57.50 to 39.20%. When the contents of Al2O3 and TiO2 were increased, the previously formed nC2S-C3P solid solution transformed into n′C2S-C3P (n < n′) with higher phos-phorus content. Na2O had no significant effect on phosphorus enrichment, but exerted significant influence on the area of the P-rich phase. When the Na2O content was increased from 0 to 8%, the previously formed nC2S-C3P solid solution gradually became Na2Ca4(PO4)2SiO4, and the area of the P-rich phase increased from 57.50 to 68.50%. With increasing the content of ATN (a mixture with a mass ratio of Al2O3/TiO2/Na2O = 15:4:3) from 0 to 30%, the content of P2O5 increased from 13.88 to 42.10% and the area of the P-rich phase decreased from 54.92 to 18.40%.

关键词： Phosphorus enrichment nC2S-C3P solid solution Modification P-bearing steelmaking slag

Phosphate enrichment mechanism in CaO–SiO_2–FeO–Fe_2O_3–P_2O_5 steelmaking slags with lower binary basicity

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第5期23卷 520-533页

作者： Jin-yan Li Mei Zhang Min Guo Xue-min Yang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

The addition of silica to steelmaking slags to decrease the binary basicity can promote phosphate enrichment in quenched slag samples. In this study, we experimentally investigated phosphate enrichment behavior in CaO-SiO2-FeO-Fe203-P205 slags with a P205 content of 5.00% and the binary basicity B ranging from 1.0 to 2.0, where the （%Fe/O）/（%CaO） mass percentage ratio was maintained at 0.955. The experimental results are explained by the defined enrichment degree c, of solid solution 2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P205 （C2S-C3P）, where R_C2S-C3P is a component of the developed ion and molecule coexistence theory （IMCT）-Ni model for calculating the mass action concentrations Ni of structural units in the slags on the basis of the IMCT. The asymmetrically inverse V-shaped relation be- tween phosphate enrichment and binary basicity B was observed to be correlated in the slags under applied two-stage cooling conditions. The maximum content of PROs in the C2S-C3P solid solution reached approximately 30.0% when the binary basicity B was controlled at 1.3.

关键词： phosphates enrichment mechanisms steelmaking slags basicity

Improvement of power input for steelmaking process in high impedance EAF

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2002年第3期9卷 181-184页

作者： JingsheLi GuoqiangLing 等 MetallurgySchool UniversityofScienceandTechnologyBeijingBeijing100083China NangjingIron＆steelCorp Ltd.Nangjing210035China

According to the electrical operation and steelmaking theory of EAF, animproved power input procedure of 70 t high impedance EAF in Nanjinng Iron and Steel Corp. Ltd. wasstudied. The investigation method, process and result for use of power supply of high impedance EAFwas proposed, and the optimized power-supply curve to EAF steelmaking practice was given, andelectrical operation was improved, the electric energy consumption can be reduced by 25 kW. T/t, andpower supply time can also be reduced 3 min.

关键词： steelmaking EAF high impedance optimization

Mass Balance Modeling for Electric Arc Furnace and Ladle Furnace System in steelmaking Facility in Turkey

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2007年第5期14卷 1-6,55页

作者： smail Ekmeki Ya ar Yetisken nal ■amdali Engineering Faculty Marmara University Gztepe Campus Development Bank of Turkey

In the electric arc furnace （EAF） steel production processes, scrap steel is principally used as a raw material instead of iron ore. In the steelmaking process with EAF, scrap is first melted in the furnace and then the desired chemical composition of the steel can be obtained in a special furnace such as ladle furnace （LF）. This kind of furnace process is used for the secondary refining of alloy steel. LF furnace offers strong heating fluxes and enables precise temperature control, thereby allowing for the addition of desired amounts of various alloying elements. It also provides outstanding desulfurization at high-temperature treatment by reducing molten steel fluxes and removing deoxidation products. Elemental analysis with mass balance modeling is important to know the precise amount of required alloys for the LF input with respect to scrap composition. In present study, chemical reactions with mass conservation law in EAF and LF were modeled altogether as a whole system and chemical compositions of the final steel alloy output can be obtained precisely according to different scrap compositions, alloying elements ratios, and other input amounts. Besides, it was found that the mass efficiency for iron element in the system is 95.93%. These efficiencies are calculated for all input elements as 8. 45% for C, 30.31% for Si, 46.36% for Mn, 30.64% for P, 41.96% for S, and 69.79% for Cr, etc. These efficiencies provide valuable ideas about the amount of the input materials that are vanished or combusted for 100 kg of each of the input materials in the EAF and LF system.

关键词： electric arc furnace ladle furnace system modeling mass balance steelmaking liquid steel