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Lignocellulosic Micro and Nanofibrillated Cellulose Produced by steam explosion for Wood Adhesive Formulations

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第2期10卷 263-271页

作者： Saad Nader Felipe Guzman Raphael Becar Cesar Segovia Cecilia Fuentealba Miguel Peirera Evelyne Mauret Nicolas Brosse Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherches sur le Materiau Bois-Green Process For Wood(LERMaB-GP4W) Facultedes Sciences et TechnologiesUniversitede LorraineVandœuvre-les-NancyFrance Laboratoire de Genie des Procedes Papetiers(LGP2) Saint Martin D’HèresFrance Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnologico(UDT) Universidad de ConcepcionCoronelChile Centre d’Essais TEchnique LORrain(CETELOR) EpinalFrance

The reinforcing impact of Lignocellulosic micro and nanofibrillated cellulose(L-MNFCs)obtained from Eucalyp-tus Globulus bark in Urea-Formaldehyde UF adhesive was tested.L-MNFCs were prepared by an environmentally friendly,low-cost process using a combination process involving steam explosion followed by refining and ultra-fine *** L-MNFCs showed a web-like morphology with some aggregates and lignin *** present a mixture of residual fibers and fine elements with a width varying between 5 nm to 20μm,*** effects of the addition of low amounts of L-MNFCs(1%wt.)on the properties of three different adhe-sives(Urea-Formaldehyde UF,Phenol-Formaldehyde PF,and Tannin-Hexamine TH)were studied by the evolution of the pH,the viscosity,and the mechanical *** showed that the viscosity of PF and UF adhesives increased with the addition of L-MNFCs,unlike ***,the addition led to better mechan-ical behavior for the three *** were then prepared using modified UF with L-MNFCs and *** showed that an amount of 1%*** L-MNFCs was sufficient to increase the internal bonding by≈67%,the modulus of elasticity by≈43%,and the modulus of rupture by≈29%.

关键词： Lignocellulosic microfibrils Eucalyptus globulus bark wood adhesives steam explosion wood panels

Producing durable pellets from barley straw subjected to radio frequency-alkaline and steam explosion pretreatments

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第3期7卷 68-82页

作者： Kingsley L.Iroba Lope G.Tabil Shahab Sokhansanj Venkatesh Meda Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon SK S7N 5A9Canada

Pelletization,a form of densification,increases bulk density and improves the convenience and accessibility of biomass feedstock due to the uniform shape and *** of biomass enhances the breakdown and accessibility of the cross-linking lignin,which acts as a binding *** this study,pelletization of radio frequency-alkaline and steam explosion pretreated barley straw was *** levels of temperature(70oC,80oC,and 90oC),five levels of the mass ratio of biomass to NaOH solution(1:4,1:5,1:6,1:7,and 1:8),one hour equilibration time,biomass screen size of 1.6 mm,1%NaOH concentration,and 20 min residence time in the radio frequency chamber were used for the radio frequency-alkaline *** levels of steam temperature(140oC,160oC,and 180oC),three levels of moisture content of 8%,30%,and 50%(mass fraction of total mass),and 5 min and 10 min exposure to steam were tested for the steam explosion *** effects of both pretreatment methods were evaluated by pelletizing the pretreated and non-pretreated barley straw samples in a single pelleting *** pellet density,tensile strength,durability,dimensional stability,and color of the pellets were *** frequency-alkaline pretreatment with the use of 1%NaOH solution and a ratio of biomass:NaOH solution of 1:8 has significant effect(Psteam exploded samples pretreated at higher temperatures(180ºC)and retention time of 10 min resulted into pellets with good physical qualities.

关键词： radio frequency steam explosion densification biomass pellets and alkaline pretreatment

The Study on Bamboo Microfibers Isolated by steam explosion and Their Comprehensive Properties

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第6期11卷 2809-2822页

作者： Qiushi Li Ronggang Luo Yu Chen Jinhui Xiong Bei Qiao Xijuan Chai Linkun Xie Juan Wang Lianpeng Zhang Siqun Wang Guanben Du Kaimeng Xu Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming650224China International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials Ministry of Science and TechnologySouthwest Forestry UniversityKunming650224China Key Laboratory for Forestry Resources Conversion and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of EducationSouthwest Forestry UniversityKunming650224China Center for Renewable Carbon The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA

To overcome the shortage of wood resources as well as to develop novel natural fibers materials,the Chimonobambusa quadrangularis(CQ)and Qiongzhuea tumidinoda(QT)planted in Southwest China were effectively isolated by the steam explosion(SE).The fine and uniform bamboo microfibers derived from CQ and QT were obtained,and their smallest average widths were 12.62μm and 16.05μm,*** effects of steam explosion on the micro-morphology,chemical composition,thermal stability,crystallinity,surface wettability,and mechanical properties of bamboo microfibers were comprehensively *** results showed that the relative content of cellulose in bamboo microfibers increased but the hemicellulose and lignin contents decreased after *** degrees of crystallinity for CQ and QT increased from 40.49%and 39.46%to 68.90%and 55.78%,*** thermal stability and surface hydrophilicity were also *** CQ microfibers had a maximum decomposition temperature of 2.79°C,a tensile strength of 58.54 MPa,an elongation at break of 0.6%,and a water contact angle of 2.7°higher than those of the QT microfibers.

关键词： Microfiber properties bamboo steam explosion Chimonobambusa quadrangularis Qiongzhuea tumidinoda

Evaluation and Improvement of Antioxidant Activity of Water-soluble Lignin Products from steam explosion Processing of Corn Stalk

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Paper And Biomaterials 2021年第3期6卷 20-29页

作者： Hao Sun Rui Wang Guanhua Wang Wenjie Sui Chuanling Si Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper College of Light Industry Science and EngineeringTianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin300457China State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin300457China

In this study,corn stalk was pretreated by steam explosion under various processing conditions,and the antioxidant activity of hydrolysates in the post-process washing liquor was analyzed using the 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH•)scavenging *** yield and composition of the hydrolysates obtained under different treatment conditions were also determined;the results indicated that the steam explosion extent had a significant effect on both *** optimized conditions(1.5 MPa,20 min),the obtained hydrolysate had the highest phenolic compound yield(18.6 mg/g untreated corn stalk)and the highest radical scavenging capacity(IC_(50)=0.24 mg/mL).To confirm the positive effect of phenolic compounds on the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate,one-step ethanol fractionation was carried *** to the enrichment of phenolic compounds,the ethanolsoluble fraction(ESF)exhibited significantly enhanced antioxidant activity with an IC_(50) value of 0.06 mg/mL,which was close to that of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT,IC_(50)=0.056 mg/mL).Consequently,this work indicated that phenolic compounds have a significant effect on the antioxidant activity of hydrolysate from steam-exploded corn stalk and that simple one-step ethanol fractionation is an effective way to enrich the phenolic compounds in the hydrolysate and improve the antioxidant activity.

关键词： steam explosion hydrolysate antioxidant activity phenolic compounds ethanol fractionation

Pelleting characteristics of selected biomass with and without steam explosion pretreatment

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2010年第3期3卷 62-79页

作者： Phani Adapa Lope Tabil Greg Schoenau Anthony Opoku Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada S7N 5A9 Department of Mechanical Engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanadaS7N 5A9

Processing and densification of agricultural biomass into high density and durable pellets are critical to facilitate handling,storage and *** pelleting experiments were designed to conduct single and pilot scale pelleting of non-treated and steam exploded barley,canola,oat and wheat straw grinds acquired from 6.4,3.2,1.6 and 0.8 mm hammer mill screen sizes at 10%moisture content(wb).Single-pelleting was performed by applying compression pressures of 31.6,63.2,94.7,and 138.9 MPa using a close-fit plunger die assembly(die length 135.3 mm and diameter of(6.30±0.5)mm).During pilot scale pelleting,customization of ground straw material was performed by adding steam exploded biomass in increments of 25%to non-treated ground straw for respective biomass at specific grind *** straw samples were conditioned to 17.5%moisture content and 10%flaxseed oil was added to increase the bulk density and flowability of grinds,which resulted in the production of *** quality of pellets from single pelleting experiments was ascertained by measuring their respective density and *** addition,the change in pellet density was measured after a storage period of one month to determine its dimensional *** was determined that applied pressure and pre-treatment were significant factors affecting the pellet ***,bigger grind sizes and lower applied pressures resulted in higher pellet relaxations(lower pellet densities)during storage of *** pilot scale pellet mill produced pellets from ground non-treated straw at hammer mill screen sizes of 0.8 and 1.6 mm and customized samples having 25%steam exploded straw at 0.8 *** was observed that the pellet bulk density and particle density are positively *** density and durability of agricultural straw pellets significantly increased with decrease in hammer mill screen size from 1.6 mm to 0.8 *** of agricultural straw by adding 25%of steam exploded straw by weigh

关键词： biofuels biomass density durability pelleting specific energy steam explosion pretreatment

Corncobs as Substrate for Oleaginous Yeast-Pretreatment via steam explosion and Hydrolysis

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2015年第7期4卷 359-366页

作者： Heike Kahr Manuel Pointner KlausKrennhuber Daniel Steindl AlexanderJager Department of Research and Development University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Wels 4600 Austria

Corn cobs are a promising lignocellulosic substrate for the production of biofuels like bioethanol via conventional yeast or biodiesel via oleaginous yeast. Pretreatment of the substrate is essential for further hydrolysis and fermentation steps. This study focused on the steam explosion method as pretreatment. Therefore, different steam explosion severities were evaluated. The content of glucan, xylan and Klason lignin was examined. Xylan degraded with increasing severity from 412.7 g·kg-1 （untreated） to a minimum of 127.3 g-kg1 dry matter （190 ℃/30 min）. Glucan concentrations increased from 315.1 g·kg1 （untreated） to a maximum of 371.6 g·kg-1 dry matter （200 ℃/20 min）. For soluble lignin, an increase could be observed at rising severity, from 145.3 g·kg-l （untreated） to a maximum of 214.9 g·kg-1 dry matter （190 ℃/30 min）. Furthermore, the mass recovery was calculated. At harsher pretreatment conditions, a significant mass loss was observed, estimated by the ash content in the recovered dry matter. The lowest recovery rate was observed for SF = 4.13 （190 ℃/30 min） with 68.39%. The produced inhibitors were evaluated.

关键词： Corn cobs steam explosion lignocellulose pretreatment.

Use of Waste Vegetable Biomasses Treated by steam explosion for the Horticultural Crop Protection

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2011年第4期1卷 540-549页

作者： U. De Corato N. Sharma F. Zimbardi ENEA Energy Efficiency Technical Unit Agriculture Service CCEI Bari Via Roberto Da Bari 119 Bari 70122 Italy ENEA Trisaia Technologies Technical Unit Laboratory of Biotechnologies CR Trisaia S.S. 106 Jonica Km. 419.500 Matera75026 Italy ENEA Trisaia Technologies Technical Unit Laboratory of Biomasses CR Trisaia S.S. 106 Jonica Km. 419.500 Matera 75026Italy

The purpose of this study was to assess the suppressive effect of Waste Vegetable Biomasses （WVBs） treated by the steam explosion technique in a continuous plant, against soil-borne plant pathogens. In order to assess their disease suppression, five WVBs （Miscanthus biomass, durum wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalk and wood shaving） and commercial compost were tested in vivo at three different doses （10, 20 and 30% of potting mix） on seven horticultural pathosystems plant/fungus： tomato/Phytophthora nicotianae, cucumber/Pythium ultimum, lettuce/Fusariurn oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, melordFusariurn oxysporum f. sp. melonis, bearffRhizoctonia solani, eggplant/Verticillium dahlie and fennel/Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results showed that the corn stalk was more efficient respect to Miscanthus, compost, wheat straw, rice straw and wood shaving in all the patbosystems and at all the doses tested. The corn stalk suppression ranged from 97% in eggplant/F, dahliae to 35% in lettuce/F, oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, and it was significantly higher with respect to the other substrates. In general, the wheat straw, rice straw and wood shaving were statistically found less efficient as suppressive substrate with respect to corn stalk, Miscanthus and compost at the 30% dose in four pathosystems In particular, the wood shaving suppressiveness ranged from 48% in eggplant/V, dahliae to 12% in lettuce/F, oxysporum f. sp. lactucae. The different suppressiveness observed could be attributed to different concentration of the microbial inhibitory substances （furfurals, organic acids and lignosulfonates） produced during the processing of fresh biomass.

关键词： Compost disease suppression soil-borne plant pathogen steam explosion waste vegetable biomass.

Status of the OECD-SERENA Project for the Resolution of Ex-vessel steam explosion Risks

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 423-431页

作者： Seong-Wan Hong Pascal Piluso Matjazu Leskovar Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Taejon 305-600 Korea Commissariat a l'energie atomique DEN/CAD/DTN/STRI Batiment 708 Saint-Paul-lez Durance Cedex F-13108 France Jozef Stefan Institute Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia

OECD/NEA （Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency） launched the SERENA （steam explosion resolution for nuclear application） project to resolve internationally the ex-vessel steam explosion issue, which is one of major unresolved issues after a TMI-2 （three mile island-2） accident. One of main conclusions of OECD/NEA SERENA Phase 1, which was completed in 2005, was that some damage to the cavity is to be expected for an ex-vessel explosion. One major uncertainty that does not allow for a convergence toward consistent predictions was that there are no data on the component distribution in a pre-mixture at the time of an explosion, especially the level of the void. The other major uncertainty is the explosion behavior of corium melts. Therefore, SERENA Phase 2 was launched on October 1, 2007 to resolve the uncertainties of the coolant void and material effect by performing a limited number of well-designed tests with advanced instrumentation reflecting a large spectrum of ex-vessel melt compositions and conditions, and the required analytical work to bring the code capabilities to a sufficient level for use in reactor case analyses. The recent status of the OECD-SERENA Phase 2 project for the resolution of ex-vessel steam explosion risks will be described.

关键词： steam explosion SERENA corium.

Pretreatment of Corn Stalk by steam explosion

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2003年第1期12卷 85-88页

作者：邵自强田永生谭惠民 School of Material Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China

A steam explosion pretreatment, which is one of the best ways of pretreating plant stalk, is applied at various severities to corn stalk. It could effectively modify the super-molecular structure of corn stalk and defibrating corn stalk into individual components. The relationship between yield of reducing sugar and the operating conditions, including temperature, pressure of steam explosion pretreatment and acidity, is also established. Experimental results prove that the steam explosion substantially increases the yield of reducing sugar, and the optimal condition for steam explosion is as follows: the pressure is 2.0 MPa, the pressure-retaining time 300 s, the initial acid concentration 1% and the acid treatment time 24 h.

关键词： steam explosion corn stalk hydrolysis structure