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Influence of the Addition of Cotton stalk during Co-pyrolysis with Sewage Sludge on the Properties, Surface Characteristics, and Ecological Risks of Biochars

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第4期28卷 755-762页

作者： WANG Zhipu WANG Jian XIE Like ZHU Henan SHU Xinqian School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Geosciences and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Research Institute of Experiment and Detection of Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay 834000China Xinjiang Laboratory of Petroleum Reserve in Conglomerate Karamay 834000China

Sewage sludge produced by municipal sewage treatment plants can potentially be used as a biomass energy source because of its high organic ***,the conversion and utilization of rapidly growing amounts of sewage sludge represent an urgent challenge in *** conversion of sewage sludge to biochar through pyrolysis is a promising solution to this ***,biochar produced by pyrolysis of sewage sludge alone has a poor pore structure as a result of its low C content and high ash ***,it is enriched in heavy metals that may pose high ecological *** this study,we addressed these issues through co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and cotton stalks(1:1,wt./wt.)at different pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 350℃ to 750℃.The properties and surface characteristics of the biochars were ***,the transformation behavior of heavy metals during the co-pyrolysis process was studied,and the potential ecological risks of heavy metals in biochars were *** results showed that elevated pyrolysis temperatures reduced the biochar yield and C content of the biochars,whereas such temperatures increased the pH value and ash content of the *** biochars prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures were all mesoporous *** elevated temperatures promoted the transformation of heavy metals from mobile fractions to stable ones,thus resulting in a significant decrease in the ecological *** summary,co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge with cotton stalks proved to be a feasible method for the conversion and utilization of sewage sludge.

关键词： co-pyrolysis sewage sludge cotton stalk biochar

Recognition and Localization of Maize Leaf and stalk Trajectories in RGB Images Based on Point-Line Net

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Plant Phenomics 2024年第3期6卷 669-683页

作者： Bingwen Liu Jianye Chang Dengfeng Hou Yuchen Pan Dengao Li Jue Ruan College of Computer Science and Technology(College of Data Science) Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences518120 ShenzhenChina

Plant phenotype detection plays a crucial role in understanding and studying plant biology,agriculture,and *** involves the quantification and analysis of various physical traits and characteristics of plants,such as plant height,leaf shape,angle,number,and growth *** accurately detecting and measuring these phenotypic traits,researchers can gain insights into plant growth,development,stress tolerance,and the influence of environmental factors,which has important implications for crop *** these phenotypic characteristics,the number of leaves and growth trajectory of the plant are most ***,obtaining these phenotypes is labor intensive and financially *** the rapid development of computer vision technology and artificial intelligence,using maize field images to fully analyze plant-related information can greatly eliminate repetitive labor and enhance the efficiency of plant ***,it is still difficult to apply deep learning methods in field environments to determine the number and growth trajectory of leaves and stalks due to the complex backgrounds and serious occlusion problems of crops in field *** preliminarily explore the application of deep learning technology to the acquisition of the number of leaves and stalks and the tracking of growth trajectories in field agriculture,in this study,we developed a deep learning method called Point-Line Net,which is based on the Mask R-CNN framework,to automatically recognize maize field RGB images and determine the number and growth trajectory of leaves and *** experimental results demonstrate that the object detection accuracy(mAP50)of our Point-Line Net can reach 81.5%.Moreover,to describe the position and growth of leaves and stalks,we introduced a new lightweight"key point"detection branch that achieved a magnitude of 33.5 using our custom distance verification ***,these findings provide valuable insights for future field pl

关键词： localization leaf based images maize point-line recognition stalk trajectories

Effect of initial material bulk density and easily-degraded organic matter content on temperature changes during composting of cucumber stalk

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 306-315页

作者： Ruixue Chang Qiuyue Guo Qing Chen Maria Pilar Bernal Qian Wang Yanming Li College of Resource and Environmental Science China Agricultural University Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management Centro Edafologia y Biologia Applicada del SeguraCSIC

To inactivate the potentially pathogenic microorganisms and safely utilize vegetable waste compost, ultra-high temperatures(> 70°C) should be maintained during the composting without having an inhibitory effect on maturity. This study investigated the influence of bulk density(part 1) and easily-degraded organic matter content(EDOMC, part 2) on temperature evolution during vegetable waste composting: Part 1: corn straw with different particle sizes was used to achieve different bulk densities in the composting material(BD1–BD3); Part 2: partial or total substitution of the corn straw by corn starch was carried out to obtain different EDOMC(ED1–ED4). The composting experiments were conducted in a labscale reactor(1.75 kg material) and lasted for 30 d. Temperature and CO2 emission were recorded daily, and the organic matter, lignocellulose, microbial activity, germination index(GI) and C/N of the samples were measured at different stages. The highest temperature(65.7°C) in part 1 occurred in the treatment with the bulk density of 0.35 g/cm3, which also had the longest thermophilic phase. Bulk density was found to seriously influence the utilization efficiency of O2 and heat transfer through materials, rather than heat production from organic matter degradation. In experiment part 2, the highest temperature was obtained with EDOMC of 45%(71.4°C). Therefore, adjusting the bulk density to 0.35 g/cm3 and the easily-degraded organic matter content of the initial material to 45% was the best combination for reaching temperatures above 70°C during composting, with no inhibitory effect on the maturity of the compost product.

关键词： Compost 70℃ Vegetable waste Bulk density Easily-degraded organic matter con tent Cucumber stalk

The Auxin-Regulated Protein ZmAuxRPI Coordinates the Balance between Root Growth and stalk Rot Disease Resistance in Maize

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Molecular Plant 2019年第3期12卷 360-373页

作者： Jianrong Ye Tao Zhong Dongfeng Zhang Chuanyu Ma Lina Wang Lishan Yao Qianqian Zhang Mang Zhu Mingliang Xu State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry/National Maize Improvement Center/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding China Agricultural University2 West Yuanmingyuan RoadBeijing 100193P.R.China

To optimize fitness, plants must efficiently allocate their resources between growth and defense. Although phytohormone crosstalk has emerged as a major player in balancing growth and defense, the genetic basis by which plants man age this balance remai ns elusive. We previously ide ntified a quantitative disease . resistance locus, qRfg2, in maize (Zea mays) that protects against the fungal disease Gibberella stalk rot. Here, through map-based cloning, we demonstrate that the causal gene at qRfg2 is ZmAuxRPI, which encodes a plastid stroma-localized auxin-regulated protein. ZmAuxRPI responded quickly to pathogen challenge with a rapid yet transient reduction in expression that led to arrested root growth but enhanced resista nee to Gibberella stalk rot and Fusarium ear rot. ZmAuxRPI was show n to promote the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), while suppressing the formation of benzoxazinoid defense compounds. ZmAuxRPI presumably acts as a resource regulator modulating indole-3-glycerol phosphate and/or indole flux at the branch point between the IAA and benzoxazinoid biosynthetic pathways. The concerted interplay between IAA and benzoxazinoids can regulate the growth-defense balance in a timely and efficient manner to optimize plant fitness.

关键词： maize quantitative disease resistance Gibberella stalk rot Fusarium ear rot indole-3-acetic acid benzoxazinoids

Effects of Microwave Torrefaction with Mg（OH）2 on Characteristics of Bio-oil from Co-pyrolysis of Straw stalk and Soapstock

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2019年第3期21卷 10-16页

作者： Wen Pingwei Zhou Yue Dai Leilei Wang Yunpu Liu Yuhuan Ruan Roger College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Life ScienceJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022 Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion Ministry of EducationNanchang UniversityNanchang 330047 Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of MinnesotaMN 55108USA

This study investigated the effects of torrefaction with Mg(OH)2 on the properties of bio-oil formed from the microwave-assisted catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of straw stalk and *** effects of torrefaction temperature and residence time on the yield and composition of bio-oil were *** showed that the torrefaction temperature and residence time remarkably influenced the yield and composition of *** the increase in temperature and time,the bio-oil yield and the proportion of oxygen-containing compounds decreased,while the proportion of aromatic compounds *** the feedstocks were subject to torrefaction reaction for 20 min at 260°C,the proportion of oxygen-containing compounds decreased from 29.89%to 16.49%.Meanwhile,Mg(OH)2 could render the deoxidization function of torrefaction process increasingly *** proportion of the oxygen-containing compounds reached a minimum(14.41%),when the biomass-to-Mg(OH)2 ratio was 1:1.

关键词： microwave torrefaction Mg(OH)2 straw stalk soapstock bio-oil

Effects of Different Pretreatment Modes on the Enzymatic Digestibility of Corn Leaf and Corn stalk

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2006年第6期14卷 796-801页

作者：苏东海孙君社刘萍吕燕萍 College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNH 03755USA

Corn leaf and corn stalk were pretreated with only hot water and 0.1% sulfuric acid at 160℃ or 200℃, respectively. For hot water pretreatment, the pH of corn stalk hydrolysate decreased more rapidly than that of corn leaf as the reaction time increased. On the contrary, the pH of corn leaf hydrolysate increased more than that of corn stalk with diluted acid addition. Increasing temperature enhanced the xylose dissolution rate and increased cellulose digestibility. Compared with hot water, 0.1% sulfuric acid addition improved the xylan removal and the enzymatic hydrolysis of both corn leaf and corn stalk residue. Much less xylan must be removed to achieve the same cellulose digestibility for the corn leaf as that for the corn stalk; 55% digestibility was obtained when only 32% xylan was removed from corn leaf, whereas corn stalk required removal of about 50% of the xylan to achieve the same di- gestibility. Overall, the descending order of enzymatic digestibility was: dilute acid hydrolysate of corn leaf > dilute acid hydrolysate of corn stalk > water-only hydrolysate of corn leaf > water-only hydrolysate of corn stalk. Finally, one separate pretreatment strategy was developed to transfer corn leaf and corn stalk to fermentable sugars for fur- ther bioenergy production.

关键词： pretreatment corn leaf corn stalk xylan removal enzymatic digestibility

Evaluation of Biosorptive Capacity of Banana (<i>Musa paradisiaca</i>) stalk for Lead(II) Removal from Aqueous Solution

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第15期5卷 1451-1465页

作者： Oladipupo O. Ogunleye Mary A. Ajala Samuel E. Agarry Department of Chemical Engineering Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

Raw Banana stalk (RBS), Acid Activated Banana stalk (AABS) and Base Activated Banana stalk (BABS) prepared from banana stalk were used as biosorbents to remove Lead(II) from aqueous solution. The biosorbents were characterised using proximate analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Pb(II) of 1000 mg/L concentration was prepared from Pb(NO3)2 salt and other concentrations were obtained from this stock through serial dilution. Effects of adsorbent dose, temperature, initial metal concentration, contact time and pH on the percentage Pb(II) removal were evaluated. The Pb(II) concentrations in the solutions were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic parameters were determined. FTIR spectroscopy showed that RBS, AABS and BABS are rich in carboxyl, hydroxyl and phenolic functional groups. At an equilibrium time of 180 minutes, the percentage Pb(II) removal was 63.97%, 96.13% and 66.90% for RBS, AABS and BABS, respectively. Pseudo-second order kinetics best described the process with R2 (0.95, 0.98, 0.97) for RBS, AABS and BABS, respectively. Langmuir isotherm (AABS) has the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 13.53 mg/g and R2 (0.99). Thermodynamic parameters obtained were △G0 (?18.75 kJ/mol), △H0 (12.63 kJ/mol), △S0 (0.05 kJ/mol·K) and Ea (4.37 kJ/mol). Banana stalk has viable characteristics for preparing biosorbents. Acid activated banana biosorbent is more efficient for removal of lead ions from its aqueous solution.

关键词： Biosorption Isotherm Banana stalk Kinetics Lead(II)

Adsorption Kinetics of Cupric Ions on Mixture of Modified Corn stalk and Modified Tomato Waste

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Technical Parameter Optimization for Straw Fibre Mulching Film Raw Material from Corn stalk

Journal of Water Resource and Protection（水资源与保护） 2016年第13期 1238-1250页

作者： Sareh Vafakhah Mohammad E. Bahrololoom Mohsen Saeedikhani

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2020年第1期27卷 80-89页

作者： Zhang Ying Chen Hai-tao Li Long-hai He Yun-yang College of Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China

To obtain high quality raw materials,the optimization of process parameters of corn stalk-based raw material for straw fibre mulching film was studied.A central composite design(CCD)methodology of four factors and five levels was applied to determine the effects of four process variables,i.e.,stalk size,soaking time,working temperature and processing speed;the fibre yield,initial beating degree and fibre aspect ratio were selected as the objective *** yield higher than 95%,initial beating degree greater than 9°SR and fibre aspect ratio greater than 45 were established as the expected values meeting the technical requirements of manufacturing stalk fibre mulching *** surface analysis methodology was *** a result,the optimal ranges of process variables were obtained as the following:the stalk size was from 3 cm to 10 cm,the soaking time was 18 h,the working temperature was 80℃,and the processing speed was 107-117 r·min^-*** results could be applied to the design and optimization of the D200 type stalk fibre preparation machine and to the process of making raw materials of corn stalk-based straw fibre mulching film.

关键词： corn stalk mulch raw material biomass