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Tree-Temperature Monitoring for Frost Protection of Orchards in Semi-Arid Regions Using sprinkler irrigation

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第1期8卷 98-107页

作者： Ali Asghar Ghaemi Mohammad Rafie Rafiee Ali Reza Sepaskhah irrigation Department College of AgricultureShiraz University

Automated over-tree sprinkler irrigation systems were developed and tested in two orchards located in two separate locations in southern Iran （a 0.17 ha peach orchard and a 0.24 ha orange orchard） to protect peach blossoms and orange trees leaves and fruits from low temperature damage. The experiment used a system that monitored the trees and air temperatures using two thermistors. The water application rate by the irrigation system was determined by an energy balance as implemented by the software FROSTPRO, In the peach orchard, the system was tested during three frost events during the spring of 2003 and three other events during the spring of 2004. The system successfully kept peach flowers above the critical temperature, i.e., -4.0℃ in spring 2004 （control block -4.12℃, and sprinkled block ＋0.5℃） during all events. Similar results were obtained in the orange orchard during three frost events in the winter of 2004, during which the tree temperatures were at least 2.5℃ above the critical temperature. Results from field tests show that the system can effectively protect the peach blossoms from damage. Determination done after the frost events showed a 12% blossom kill in the sprinkled blocks while in the unsprinkled control block a 41.5% blossom kill. Calculations indicated that when using variable application rates, the amount of water used can be reduced by 54.3%. Spatial distribution of minimum temperatures during the three frosts was also studied in Jahrom, Iran. Results showed a significant temperature control in the experimental block, especially in the central part of the orchard, but the block margins （about 3.6% of the total area） were at the risk of low temperature due to the wind drift effects.

关键词： automated sprinkler irrigation FROSTPORO frost protection peach orchard orange orchard

Overview of advances in improving uniformity and water use efficiency of sprinkler irrigation

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第2期10卷 1-15页

作者： Ransford Opoku Darko Yuan Shouqi Liu Junping Yan Haofang Zhu Xingye Research Centre of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Agricultural Engineering University of Cape CoastCentral RegionCape CoastPMB Ghana

Water is the scarcest resource and the importance of the judicious use of water in the agricultural sector for sustaining agricultural growth and the retardation of environmental degradation needs no further *** successes of using sprinkler irrigation to develop new lands,point the way forward to a much greater role for the development of future land reclamation *** use efficiency through a proper improvement of water management techniques and other production factors are essential to boost on-farm *** factors affecting uniformity and water use efficiency in sprinkler irrigation have been outlined in this research,highlighting possible ways to improve such essential parameters in crop *** study emphasizes on an irrigation system that works adequately in applying water to stay within the root zone,making the water always available in sufficient quantities to meet the crop water *** suggests practical ways of managing irrigation systems within tolerable limits not neglecting the effects of wind which is a major contributing factor to non uniformity in sprinkler irrigation.

关键词： sprinkler irrigation uniformity water use efficiency crop yield

Influence analysis of sprinkler irrigation effectiveness using ANFIS

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第5期12卷 135-148页

作者： Zhongwei Liang Xiaochu Liu Guilin Wen Xuefeng Yuan Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for High Efficient Utility of Water/Fertilizers and Solar Intelligent irrigation Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Advanced Institute of Engineering Science for Intelligent Manufacturing Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

In order to improve sprinkler irrigation quality and promote actual irrigation efficiency,the influence analysis of sprinkler irrigation effectiveness(SIE)using ANFIS(Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System)was implemented to balance moisture infiltration and water redistribution in soil ***,using a detailed description of governing equations proposed for sprinkler irrigation flow,the theoretical foundation and mathematical model of irrigation effectiveness can be established;Secondly,based on a complete preparation of experimental irrigation conditions,a series of calibration indexes quantifying SIE for sprinkler irrigation quality and infiltration efficiency were proposed;Then thirdly,a novel ANFIS system was designed and introduced to evaluate these key effectiveness indexes in actual working operations,so that a series of detailed influence analysis and comprehensive infiltration assessment focusing on sprinkler irrigation effectiveness could be achieved afterwards,which result to the realization of better infiltration equilibrium and higher water redistribution efficiency in actual irrigation ***,the qualification of sprinkler irrigation effectiveness was achieved,and in addition,the moisture infiltration improvement and soil moisture uniformity were facilitated also in return.

关键词： influence analysis sprinkler irrigation effectiveness ANFIS

Influence of sprinkler irrigation droplet diameter, application intensity and specific power on flower damage

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017年第2期4卷 165-171页

作者： Yisheng ZHANG Delan ZHU College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F University Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China Northwest A&F University

To determine the main parameters of droplet strike damage and avoid flower injury due to the unsuitable practices during sprinkler irrigation, an indoor experiment of irrigation droplet impact on cyclamen was *** influences of different parameters such as droplet diameter, application intensity, specific power on flower strike damage was analyzed using Image Pro-Plus software to compute strike damage area and define damage level by sense-analysis. The results showed that a damage area of irrigation level, 1%–3% slight damage level, 3%–6% moderate damage level, and > 6%heavy damage level. Equations of application intensity,specific power with sprinkler irrigation time and flower injury ratio were regressed against parameters which cause impact damages. The results indicated that specific power has a significant correlation with injury, and flower damage area increased as the increasing of the value of specific power for the same irrigation time. Application intensity was also correlated with injury when the droplet diameter was larger than 1 mm. When the duration of sprinkler irrigation was 1, 5 and 10 min, the threshold of impinging damage of application intensity was 25.30, 5.01 and1.64 mm·h^(–1) and the specific power was 0.467×10^(–3),9.340×10^(–3) and 3.110×10^(–3)W·m^(–2). These results provide a reference for determining the suitable values of sprinkler properties in operation design.

关键词： application intensity damage floriculture flowers specific power sprinkler irrigation

Evaluation of water flow and infiltration using HYDRUS model in sprinkler irrigation system

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Evaluation of water flow and infiltration using HYDRUS model...

Grain-filling strategies of wheat of contrasting grain sizes under various planting patterns and irrigation levels

International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications（ICEEA 2011）

作者： Mohammad Reza Honar Seyed Amir Shamsnia Alireza Gholami Department of Water Engineering Shiraz Branch Islamic Azad University Shiraz-Iran

HYDRUS model is one of the advanced models,which is applied in soil ＆ water system for simulation of water flow,moisture distribution,and solutes *** the present research,water movement in soil in the sprinkler irrigation system is *** regard to primary information of water ＆ soil,soil physical and empirical parameters are estimated based on constituent *** value of input flow in upstream,cumulative value of root absorption and cumulative value of output flow in downstream are of other *** in absorption,moisture,hydraulic conductivity and flow in relation to depth are determined in different period of ***,moisture characteristic curve of the studied soil and the relation between absorption and Hydraulic conductivity are specified.

关键词： Simulation sprinkler irrigation HYDRUS Model

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 897-906页

作者： Zimeng Liang Jingyi Feng Jiayu Li Yangyang Tang Tiankang He Vinay Nangia Yang Liu College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas Rabat 999055Morocco

In a study comparing grain filling and yield in a large-and a small-grain-size wheat cultivar under two planting patterns and two irrigation regimes,plastic-covered ridge and furrow planting with sprinkler irrigation increased grain filling and yield in both *** largest contributors to grain yield were an extended active grain-filling period in Shuangda 1 and an increased mean grain-filling rate in XN538.

关键词： Plastic-covered ridge and furrow cultivation sprinkler irrigation Wheat Grain size Grain filling

Effects of different irrigation methods on micro-environments and root distribution in winter wheat fields

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1658-1672页

作者： Lü Guo-hua SONG Ji-qing BAI Wen-bo WU Yong-feng LIU Yuan KANG Yao-hu State Key Engineering Laboratory of Crops Efficient Water Use and Drought Mitigation Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity（RH） within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, and these changes may affect plant root *** experiment was carried out to explore the effects of irrigation method on micro-environments and root distribution in a winter wheat field in the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing *** results showed that border irrigation（BI）, sprinkler irrigation（SI）, and surface drip irrigation（SDI） had no significant effects on soil *** bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potential were significantly affected by the three *** change in soil matric potential was the key reason for the altered root profile distribution ***, more fine roots were produced in the BI treatment when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was *** growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI, which was due to the different water application *** a result, the root profile distribution differed, depending on the irrigation method *** root distribution pattern changes could be described by the power level variation in the exponential function.A good knowledge of root distribution patterns is important when attempting to model water and nutrient movements and when studying soil-plant interactions.

关键词： border irrigation root profile distribution sprinkler irrigation surface drip irrigation field micro-environment winter wheat

Optimization of movable irrigation system and performance assessment of distribution uniformity under varying conditions

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第1期10卷 72-79页

作者： Yuan Shouqi Ransford Opoku Darko Zhu Xingye Liu Junping Tian Kun Research Centre of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Agricultural Engineering University of Cape CoastCentral RegionCape CoastPMB Ghana

The evaluation of the performance of distribution uniformity by linearly moved irrigation system(LMIS)should consider the impacts of non uniformity of the water on crop *** increasing pressures to improve water use efficiency,plant productivity and farm profitability,questions continue to be raised concerning the future direction of irrigated *** study therefore aimed at evaluating water distribution under LMIS newly designed by the National Research Centre of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology,Jiangsu University,*** article reports the real distribution of irrigation water under the LMIS with respect to sprinkler height above the ground surface as well as the consequence of different operating *** distribution coefficients used in the performance assessment were Christiansen’s coefficient of uniformity(CU),distribution uniformity(DU),scheduling coefficients(Sc)and the coefficient of variation(CV).The results showed that the mean CU ranged from 82.30%to 93.17%,and mean DU ranged from 70.39%to 88.44%.Also Sc values ranged from 1.13 to 1.42 with CV values ranging from 10.3%to 22.5%.The optimum method and results in this study can provide a reference to the operations for saving water and cost in the application of LMIS.

关键词： movable irrigation system sprinkler irrigation distribution uniformity coefficient of uniformity coefficient of variation scheduling coefficient

Comparison of droplet distributions from fluidic and impact sprinklers

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015年第1期2卷 53-59页

作者： Xingye ZHU Shouqi YUAN Junping LIU Xingfa LIU National Engineering Research Center of Pumps and Pumping System Jiangsu University Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology Jiangsu University

To adapt to the trend toward low-energy precision irrigation, the droplet distributions for two new prototype sprinklers, outside signal sprinkler(OS) and fluidic sprinkler(FS), were compared with impact sprinkler(IS). A laser precipitation monitor was used to measure the droplet distributions. Droplet size and velocity distributions were tested under four operating pressures for nozzles 1.5 m above the ground. For the operating pressures tested, the mean OS, FS and IS droplet diameters ranged from 0 to 3.4, 0 to 3.5, 0 to 4.0 mm, *** mean OS and FS droplet velocities ranged from 0 to6.3 m$s–1, whereas IS ranged from 0 to 6.3 m$s–1. Being gas-liquid fluidic sprinklers, droplet distributions of the OS and FS were similar, although not identical. IS mostly produced a 0.5 mm larger droplet diameter and a 0.5 m$s–1greater velocity than OS and FS. A new empirical equation is proposed for determination of droplet size for OS and FS, which is sufficiently accurate and simple to use. Basic statistics for droplet size and velocity were performed on data obtained by the photographic methods. The mean droplet diameter(arithmetic, volumetric and median)decreased and the mean velocity increased in operating pressure for the three types of sprinkler.

关键词： outside signal sprinkler fluidic sprinkler impact sprinkler sprinkler irrigation droplet size droplet velocity