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Extreme spring cold spells in North China during 1961–2014 and the evolving processes

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2018年第5期11卷 432-437页

作者： Ya-Li ZHU Hui-Jun WANG Tao WANG Dong GUO Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Climate Change Research Centre Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study presents the major features of extreme spring cold spells(ESCS)in North China during 1961–2014 and the evolving *** an ESCS,northern Eurasia is controlled by large-scale positive SLP anomalies and an anomalous anticyclone that continuously transport northern cold air to North China,causing significant,persistent,lower-than-normal daily *** fact,these positive SLP and anticyclonic wind anomalies begin to appear over northwestern Europe about 10 days prior to the *** anticyclonic wind anomalies keep moving southeastward and expand to the west of Lake Baikal until two days before the ***,the center of the anomalous low-level anticyclone moves over Lake Baikal,inducing northerly wind anomalies that transport cold air into North *** the following days,as the positive SLP anomalies weaken,the anomalous anticyclone and related northerly winds appear to wane,and the ESCS gradually comes to an *** results may prove meaningful for the prediction and early warning of ESCSs.

关键词： spring cold spell North China spring temperature extreme weather

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Geographic variation in larval cold tolerance and exposure across the invasion front of a widely established forest insect

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INSECT SCIENCE 2024年第6期31卷 1930-1942页

作者： Hafker, Petra Thompson, Lily M. Walter, Jonathan A. Parry, Dylan Grayson, Kristine L. Univ Richmond Dept Biol Richmond VA USA Cornell Univ Dept Entomol Ithaca NY USA Clemson Univ Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat Clemson SC USA Univ Virginia Dept Environm Sci Charlottesville VA USA State Univ New York Coll Environm Sci & Forestry Dept Environm Biol Syracuse NY USA Univ Richmond Dept Biol 138 UR Dr Richmond VA 23173 USA

Under global climate change, high and low temperature extremes can drive shifts in species distributions. Across the range of a species, thermal tolerance is based on acclimatization, plasticity, and may undergo selection, shaping resilience to temperature stress. In this study, we measured variation in cold temperature tolerance of early instar larvae of an invasive forest insect, Lymantria dispar dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), using populations sourced from a range of climates within the current introduced range in the Eastern United States. We tested for population differences in chill coma recovery (CCR) by measuring recovery time following a period of exposure to a nonlethal cold temperature in 2 cold exposure experiments. A 3rd experiment quantified growth responses after CCR to evaluate sublethal effects. Our results indicate that cold tolerance is linked to regional climate, with individuals from populations sourced from colder climates recovering faster from chill coma. While this geographic gradient is seen in many species, detecting this pattern is notable for an introduced species founded from a single point-source introduction. We demonstrate that the cold temperatures used in our experiments occur in nature during cold spells after spring egg hatch, but impacts to growth and survival appear low. We expect that population differences in cold temperature performance manifest more from differences in temperature-dependent growth than acute exposure. Evaluating intraspecific variation in cold tolerance increases our understanding of the role of climatic gradients on the physiology of an invasive species, and contributes to tools for predicting further expansion. The invasion of the spongy moth in North America has resulted in the establishment of this species across a wide range of climates. We conducted a series of experiments to measure larval recovery time following a brief non-lethal chill coma in populations from the invaded range. The results sho

关键词： chill coma recovery forest insect geographic gradient Lymantria dispar spring cold spell thermal performance

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