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Retinoid X receptor α downregulation is required for tail and caudal spinal cord regeneration in the adult newt

Neural regeneration Research 2018年第6期13卷 1036-1045页

作者： Sarah E.Walker Rachel Nottrodt Lucas Maddalena Christopher Carter Gaynor E.Spencer Robert L.Carlone Department of Biological Sciences Brock University Department of Geosciences University of Calgary Biomedical Sciences Cambridge University Pre-Health Sciences Department Niagara College

Some adult vertebrate species,such as newts,axolotls and zebrafish,have the ability to regenerate their central nervous system（CNS）.However,the factors that establish a permissive CNS environment for correct morphological and functional regeneration in these species are not well *** evidence supports a role for retinoid signaling in the intrinsic ability of neurons,in these regeneration-competent species,to regrow after CNS ***,we demonstrated that a specific retinoic acid receptor（RAR）subtype,RARβ,mediates the effects of endogenous retinoic acid（RA）on neuronal growth and guidance in the adult newt CNS after ***,we now examine the expression of the retinoid X receptor RXRα（a potential heterodimeric transcriptional regulator with RARβ）,in newt tail and spinal cord *** show that at 21 days post-amputation（dpa）,RXRαis expressed at temporally distinct periods and in non-overlapping spatial domains compared to RARβ.Whereas RARβprotein levels increase,RXRαproteins level decrease by 21 dpa.A selective agonist for RXR,SR11237,prevents both this downregulation of RXRαand upregulation of RARβand inhibits tail and caudal spinal cord ***,treatment with a selective antagonist for RARβ,LE135,inhibits regeneration with the same morphological consequences as treatment with ***,LE135 treatment also inhibits the normal downregulation of RXRαin tail and spinal cord tissues at 21 *** results reveal a previously unidentified,indirect regulatory feedback loop between these two receptor subtypes in regulating the regeneration of tail and spinal cord tissues in this regeneration-competent newt.

关键词： retinoid X receptor spinal cord regeneration newt retinoic acid ependymoglia retinoic acid receptor

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Transcriptomic analysis of spinal cord regeneration after injury in Cynops orientalis

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Neural regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2743-2750页

作者： Di Wang Man Zhao Xiao Tang Man Gao Wenjing Liu Minghui Xiang Jian Ruan Jie Chen Bin Long Jun Li College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal UniversityWuhuAnhui ProvinceChina College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine The Second People’s HospitalWuhuWuhuAnhui ProvinceChina

Cynops orientalis(***)has a pronounced ability to regenerate its spinal cord after ***,exploring the molecular mechanism of this process could provide new approaches for promoting mammalian spinal cord *** this study,we established a model of spinal cord thoracic transection injury in ***,which is an endemic species in *** performed RNA sequencing of the contused axolotl spinal cord at two early time points after spinal cord injury–during the very acute stage(4 days)and the subacute stage(7 days)–and identified differentially expressed genes;additionally,we performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses,at each time *** sequencing showed that 13,059 genes were differentially expressed during *** spinal cord regeneration compared with uninjured animals,among which 4273 were continuously downregulated and 1564 were continuously ***-regulated genes were most enriched in the Gene Ontology term“multicellular organismal process”and in the ribosome pathway at 10 days following spinal cord *** found that multiple genes associated with energy metabolism were down-regulated and multiple genes associated with the lysosome were up-regulated after spinal cord injury,indicating the importance of low metabolic activity during wound *** response-associated pathways were activated during the early acute phase(4 days),while the expression of extracellular matrix proteins such as glycosaminoglycan and collagen,as well as tight junction proteins,was lower at 10 days post-spinal cord injury than 4 days post-spinal cord ***,compared with 4 days post-injury,at 10 days post-injury neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions were no longer down-regulated,up-regulated differentially expressed genes were enriched in pathways associated with cancer and the cell cycle,and SHH,VIM,and Sox2 were prominently *** staining showed

关键词： Cynops orientalis extracellular matrix glial fibrillary acidic protein metabolism neuron RNA sequence salamander spinal cord injury spinal cord regeneration Transcriptomics

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Biological modalities for treatment of acute spinal cord injury： a pilot study and review of the literature

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2014年第3期17卷 157-164页

作者： Kutbuddin Akbary Shobha S Arora Department of Orthopedies University College ofMedical Sciences and GTB Hospital Shahdra New Delhi110095 India

Objective： Paraplegia due to traumatic spinal cord injuries is one of the devastating effects of dorsolumbar vertebral fractures. Treatment modalities for such fractures, such as stabilization, have no effect on the neurological recovery. Thus, various pharmacological and biological treatment modalities have been used. The more recent trend of using autologous stem cells from the iliac crest has been used in some clinical trials with varying success. Thus, more clinical studies are required to study the effect of this novel approach Methods： This is a prospective hospital-based cohort study （level IV）. The study was conducted in the Dept. of Orthopaedics, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi from November 2010 to March 2012. Ten patients who had sustained traumatic dorsolumbar vertebral fractures with complete paraplegia were recruited for this study. Under suitable anaesthesia, at the beginning of surgery, 100 ml of bone marrow was aspirated. This was centrifuged and buffy coat isolated and then transferred into a sterile tube and sent to the operating room on ice packs. After surgical decompression and stabilization, the buffy coat isolate was injected into the dural sleeve at the site of the injury using a 21G needle. All the patients were evaluated for neurological improvement using the American spinal Injury Association （ASIA） score and Frankel grade at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Results： The evaluation at 6 weeks showed some improvement in terms of the ASIA scores in 2 patients but no improvements in their Frankel Grade. The other 8 patients showed no improvements in their ASIA scores or their Frankel Grades. The current pilot study has shown that there has been no improvement in most of the recipients of the transplant （n=8）. Some patients （n=2） who did show some improvement in their sensory scores proved to be of no significant functional value as depicted by no change in their Frankel Grades. Conclusion： The outcome o

关键词： spinal cord injuries Stem cells spinal cord regeneration Bone marrow transplantation

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