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sperm collection in Black-legged Kittiwakes and characterization of sperm velocity and morphology

Avian Research 2019年第1期10卷 89-100页

作者： Ségolène Humann?Guilleminot Pierre Blévin Antonin Azou?Barré Agathe Yacoumas Geir Wing Gabrielsen Olivier Chastel Fabrice Helfenstein Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology Institute of BiologyUniversity of Neuchatel Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé(CEBC) UMR 7372-CNRSUniversité de La Rochelle Norwegian Polar Institute Fram Centre

Background:Collecting and studying live sperm is central to many important fields of biology.Yet,a simple method to collect live sperm is lacking in wild seabird species.Here,we describe a non?invasive method to collect viable sperm samples based on a simple massage technique applied to male Black?legged Kittiwakes(Rissa tridactyla).Methods:We studied a colony breeding at Kongsfjorden,Svalbard and successfully obtained sperm samples from 32 males.With a subset of samples(n = 12 males),we compared the suitability of several extenders(0.9% NaCl,PBS,Earle's balance salt solution,Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium) in maintaining sperm alive long enough for analyses.With another 18 ejaculates,we conducted computer assisted sperm analyses using the CASA plugin for ImageJ.We provide details about the settings to be used for such analyses.Lastly,droplets from 20 ejaculates were smeared on glass slides and preserved with formalin to characterize sperm morphology in terms of total sperm length,sperm head length,midpiece length and flagellum length,and percentage of abnormal sperm.Results:With this method and under field conditions,we were able to obtain sufficient amounts of live sperm to assess traits related to sperm quality(e.***.sperm morphology,percentage of motile sperm,sperm velocity).We found that two extenders,Earle's balanced salt solution and Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium,yielded similarly good results.Additionally,we investigated whether specific behaviours were associated with successful sperm collection and whether sperm collection success depended on how long before laying sperm collection was attempted.Finally,we provide mean values for sperm morphology,sperm swimming ability and percentage of motile sperm,which may prove useful for future comparative analyses,and we report high levels of sperm abnormality and within?ejaculate variation in sperm morphology.Conclusions:We discuss the high percentage of abnormal sperm and high within?ejaculate variation in sperm morphology in light of sperm competition theory

关键词： Black-legged Kittiwakes sperm spermatozoa Semen collection Non?invasive method Larids sperm velocity sperm morphology Abnormal sperm

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Penis size and sperm quality,are all bats grey in the dark?

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Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 697-703页

作者： Nicolas Jean FASEL Marta KOIODZIEJ-SOBOCINSKA Ewa KOMAR Marcin ZEGAREK Ireneusz RUCZYNSKI Department of Evolutionary Ecology Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchAlfred-Kowalke-StrasseBerlinGermany Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Biatowiez.aPoland

Penises play a key role in sperm transport and in stimulating female genitals.This should impact post-copulatory competition,and expose penis characteristics to sexual selective pressures.Studies of male genitalia have repeatedly reported negative static allometries,which mean that,within species,large males have disproportionally small genitals when compared with smaller individuals.Males of some sperm-storing bat species may stand as an exception to such a pattern by arousing from hibernation to copulate with torpid females.The selection for large penises might take place,if a long organ provides advantages during post-copulatory competition and/or if females have evolved mechanisms allowing the choice of sire,relying on characters other than pre-copulatory traits(e.g.,penis size).In this study,we measured dimensions of the erected penis in 4 sperm-storing bat species.Furthermore,we collected sperm and evaluated the link between penis dimensions and sperm velocity.Our results revealed steep allometric slopes of the erected penis length in Barbastella barbastellus and an inverse allometry of penis head width in Myotis nattereri.More detailed studies of copulatory behavior are urgently needed to explain the range of observed scaling relations.Furthermore,penis head width correlates with sperm velocity in Plecotus auritus.For this last species,we propose that penis shape might act as a marker of male fertility.

关键词： Barbastella barbastellus genitalia honest signaling Myotis nattereri Plecotus auritus sperm competition sperm quality sperm velocity Vespertilio murinus.

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