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Practical semen analysis： from A to Z

Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第1期12卷 14-20页

作者： Charlene Brazil Center for Health and the Environment University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Accurate semen analysis is critical for decisions about patient care, as well as for studies addressing overall changes in semen quality, contraceptive efficacy and effects of toxicant exposure. The standardization of semen analysis is very difficult for many reasons, including the use of subjective techniques with no standards for comparison, poor technician training, problems with proficiency testing and a reluctance to change techniques. The World Health Organization （WHO） Semen handbook （2010） offers a vastly improved set of standardized procedures, all at a level of detail that will preclude most misinterpretations. However, there is a limit to what can be learned from words and pictures alone. A WHO- produced DVD that offers complete demonstrations of each technique along with quality assurance standards for motility, morphology and concentration assessments would enhance the effectiveness of the manual. However, neither the manual nor a DVD will help unless there is general acknowledgement of the critical need to standardize techniques and rigorously pursue quality control to ensure that laboratories actually perform techniques ＇according to WHO＇ instead of merely reporting that they have done so. Unless improvements are made, patient results will continue to be compromised and comparison between studies and laboratories will have limited merit.

关键词： andrology laboratory quality assurance semen analysis sperm concentration sperm morphology sperm motility

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Seasonal variation in semen quality of swamp buffalo bulls （Bubalus bubalis） in Thailand

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第1期9卷 92-101页

作者： Seri Koonjaenak Vichai Chanatinart Suneerat Aiumlarllai Tanu Pinyopumimintr Heriberto Rodfiguez-Martinez Division of Comparative Reproduction Obstetrics and Udder Health Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veteri nary Medicine and Animal Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala SE-75007 Sweden Department of Anatomy Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand Artificial Insemination Centre Department of Livestock Development Khon Kaen 40260 Thailand Department of Surgery and Theriogenology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Department of Large Animals and Wildlife Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Nakon Prathom 73140 Thailand

Aim： To test the hypothesis that season affects the semen quality of swamp buffalo （Bubalus bubalis） bulls used for artificial insemination （AI） under tropical conditions in Thailand, as it does in Bos taurus and Bos indicus. Methods： Clinical and andrological examinations, and monitoring of semen production and quality were carried out on five mature, healthy swamp buffalo AI bulls in Thailand from July 2004 to the end of June 2005. sperm output, motility, morphology and plasma membrane integrity （PMI） were compared between three seasons of the year （rainy, i.e. July-October; winter, i.e. November-February; and summer, i.e. March-June） with distinct ambient temperature and humidity. Results： All bulls were diagnosed as clinically healthy and with good libido throughout the study. Ejaculate volume, pH, sperm concentration, total sperm number and initial sperm motility did not differ between seasons, whereas PMI and the relative proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa were highest in summer and lowest in winter （P 〈 0.05）. Buffalo age, week of collection and season influenced sperm morphology （P 〈 0.05-0.001）. Among morphological abnormalities, only proportions of tail defects were affected by season, being highest in the rainy season and lowest in summer （P 〈 0.001）. In conclusion, climatic changes did not seem to largely affect semen sperm output or viability. Although the proportions of PMI and tail abnormalities were affected by season, they were always below what is considered unacceptable for AI bull sires. Conclusion： Seasonal changes did not appear to cause deleterious changes in sperm quality in swamp buffalo AI-sires in tropical Thailand.

关键词： sperm morphology sperm motility seasonality swamp buffalo artificial insemination

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Effect of age on quality of fresh and frozen-thawed semenin White Italian ganders

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第2期5卷 89-93页

作者： E.Lukaszewicz W.Kruszynski N.Fujihara Department of Poultry Breeding Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding Agricultural University of Wroclaw 51-630 Wroclaw PolandFukuoka Women's Junior College 6-16-4 Wakagidai Fukuma Fukuoka 811-3221 Japan

Aim: To comparatively evaluate the fresh semen quality of 1, 2 and 3-yr-old White Italian ganders (Anser anser L.) and the susceptibility of spermatozoa to freezing-thawing procedure. Methods: Semen was collected by dorso-abdominal massage every 2 days^3 days from three groups of ganders: 1-yr-old (n=11), 2-yr-old (n=7) and 3-yr-old (n=9). In the pooled fresh semen samples, the following parameters were evaluated: the ejaculate volume, the blood or fecal contamination and the motility, concentration and morphology of spermatozoa. sperm motility and morphology were evaluated in the frozen-thawed semen. Semen diluted with EK extender was frozen in straws in a computerized freezing unit with 6 % dimethyl-formamide to -140 癈 at a rate 60 癈/min and then transferred into the LN2 container. Straws with semen were thawed in a water bath at 60 癈. Results: The ejaculate volume decreased with the age (0.21 mL for 1-yr-old, 0.18 mL for 2-yr-old and 0.14 mL for 3-yr-old ganders); the sperm concentration increased with the age (327xl06mL-1 for 1-yr-old, 431xl06mL-1 for 2-yr-old and 547xl06mL-1 for 3-yr-old ganders); the number of live - normal sperm was significantly (Pmorphology of spermatozoa in semen of 1-yr-old ganders in comparison with older males.

关键词： poultry gander age semen sperm morphology freezing

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Anti-spermatogenic Effects of Ethanol Extract of Mucuna Urens

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2009年第3期20卷 161-168页

作者： Hannah Edim Etta Udoh Paul Bassey Eneobong Effiom Eneobong Okon Bassey Okon Biological Science Department Cross River University of Technology Environmental Biology and Zoology Department University of Calabar Genetics and Biotechnology Department University of Calabar Animal Science Department Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Calabar

Objective To investigate the age-long claim by the locales that the food thickener, M. urens seed, has antispermatogenic, hence, antifertility effects in man. Methods Eight-week old male Albino rats were used as the mammalian model for this study. They were assigned to four groups of 6 rats each and treatment with the ethanol extract was for a period of 14 d. The treatment regimes were 70 mg/kg, 140 mg/kg, 210 mg/kg and 0 mg/kg BW in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. Extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extraction using 80% ethanol as the extracting solvent. The stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the paste extract in 10 ml corn oil （vehicle） to make up 100 mg/ml concentration. At the end of the treatment, sperm from the distal caudal epididymis was collected and analyzed for sperm count, sperm motility and sperm morphology. Results Significant reduction was observed in sperm count and sperm motility （P〈0.05）. The mean sperm count for group A was 6.27±0.02×10^6, for group B was 6.16±0.02×10^6 and group C had 6.0±0.0×10^6 sperm cells The control （group D） had a mean sperm count of 6.50±0.09×10^6 which was higher than that of any treated group. Results of the sperm motility test gave the following mean rates for motile sperm cells after treatment： group A, 57.6±% 2.1; group B, 50.0±4.0; group C, 45.0±4.0. The control had the highest mean motility rate of 72.3±2.1. The observed sperm abnormalities included unusual head with large acrosome, looped tailpiece, mid piece with distal droplet, pin head, pyriform head and long hook.Conclusion The anti-spermatogenic effects of the extract on the sperm in the Albino rat may lead to reduction of fertility.

关键词： Mucuna urens anti-spermatogenic sperm count sperm motility sperm morphology

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Change of Accessory Genital Glands Markers in the Patients with Oligoasthenospermia

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2009年第4期20卷 217-221页

作者： Shun-mei DENG Ren-qian WEN Mei-yi LIU Yan-jia JIANG Shun-jie MA Ai-ping CHEN Li-xing TANG Guangdong Family Planning Institute Guangzhou 510600 China

Objective To evaluate the effect of the accessory gential gland on the male fertility. Methods The relevant seminal parameters of 32 normal donors and 35 patients with olioasthenospermia were measured by seminal routine analysis, sperm morphology and accessory, gentital glands markers.Results The percentage of normal spermatozoa, the function of sperm penetration through cervical mucus and the enzyme activity of neutral α-1,4-glucosidase significantly declined as compared with the control. There was a significant negative relationship between the semen volume and the sperm motility for the oligoasthenospermia （r= -0.415, P〈0.05）, and a significant positive relationship between the sperm count and the percentage of normal sperm （r=0.393, P〈0.05）.Conclusion The abnormal function of epididymis exists in patients with oligoasthenospermia. sperm function,for the oligoasthenospermia declines with an increase of the percentage of the abnormal sperm. The poorer the spermatogenises function of the testis is, the higher the percentage of the abnormal sperm appears.

关键词： oligoasthenospermia fructose neutral α-1,4-glucosidase acid phosphatase sperm morphology

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