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Assessment of Urban Air Pollution and spatial spillover Effects in China: Cases of 113 Key Environmental Protection Cities

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2017年第6期8卷 584-594页

作者： GONG Zezhou ZHANG Xiaoping College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

With rapid urbanization and energy consumption, environmental pollution and degradation have become increasingly serious problems in China. At the beginning of 2013, China implemented new ambient air quality standards（GB 3095-2012） in which the concentration of six pollutants including PM2.5, ozone, carbon monoxide, PM10, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were monitored. This study gathered annual air pollutant concentration data for the six pollutants in 113 key environmental protection cites throughout China in 2014 and 2015 to explain spatial patterns of urban air pollution. Based on the Kernel density estimation method, spatial hotspots of air pollution were illustrated through which spatial cluster of each pollutants could be plotted. By employing an entropy evaluation system, urban air quality was assessed in terms of the six atmospheric pollutants. We conclude that, in general, CO and SO2 were two important pollutants in most Chinese cities, but this varied greatly among cities. The assessment results indicate that cities with the worst air quality were mainly located in northern and central provinces, dominantly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area. Regression modeling showed that a combination of meteorological factors and human-related determinants, to say specifically, industrialization and urbanization factors, greatly influenced urban air quality variation in China. Results from spatial lag regression modeling confirmed that air pollution existed obvious spatial spillover effects among key cities. The spatial interdependence effects of urban air quality means that Chinese municipal governments should strengthen regional cooperation and deepen bilateral collaboration in terms of air regulation and pollution prevention.

关键词： urban air quality entropy assessment spatial spillover China

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地方政府债务风险对金融系统的空间外溢效应

财政与税务 2018年第1期 31-47页

作者：伏润民缪小林高跃光

地方政府债务主要来源于银行等金融机构，任其风险在金融系统中隐性蔓延和扩张，势必酿成我国系统性金融风险。本文首先构建一个地方政府债务风险向金融系统外溢的空间路径和依赖条件体系，并揭示出地方政府债务风险空间外溢的直接效应... 详细信息

地方政府债务主要来源于银行等金融机构，任其风险在金融系统中隐性蔓延和扩张，势必酿成我国系统性金融风险。本文首先构建一个地方政府债务风险向金融系统外溢的空间路径和依赖条件体系，并揭示出地方政府债务风险空间外溢的直接效应和间接效应。进一步，采用空间计量模型进行实证检验发现：我国地方政府债务风险通过金融机构的中长期贷款，对辖区内和辖区间居民企业融资产生挤出性的空间外溢效应，这种挤出效应一方面被中国高储蓄存款带来的信贷软约束空间、不良贷款率反映的信贷制度软化等加剧，另一方面针对辖区间挤出效应还受到中心金融机构资金调配约束的抑制。本文研究表明，防范和治理我国系统性金融风险，不能忽视地方政府债务风险的空间外溢效应，需要对其风险空间外溢的路径“通道”进行严格清理，重点要强化地方政府债务融资的市场化机制。

关键词：地方政府债务风险空间外溢金融系统空间计量模型 local government debt risks spatial spillover financial system spatial econometrics

Spatio-temporal Evolution of China’s Economic Power Based on Asymmetric Theory

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Chinese Geographical Science 2020年第5期30卷 765-775页

作者： YAO Yangyang ZHANG Guojun XU Zhihua BIAN Yan School of Geography and Tourism Guangdong University of Finance and EconomicsGuangzhou 510320China School of Pub-lic Administration Guangdong University of Finance and EconomicsGuangzhou 510320China Advanced Institute for Contempo-rary China Studies Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong 999077China School of Management Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

In the 21 st century, economic interdependence between countries has gradually become an important source of state power. Globalization and the rise of China’s economy have had a significant impact on other economies around the world. China’s economic influence is becoming more and more important. On the basis of the sensitivity dependence and vulnerability dependence of asymmetric interdependence theory, the economic spillover between countries is selected to construct a quantitative model to measure economic power. This paper analyzes the evolution of China’s economic power both in time and space from 2000 to 2014. Four conclusions were drawn from the study: 1) The spatial spillover effect of China’s economy on other countries has been continuously growing since the beginning of the 21 st century, which has brought about the rapid increase in China’s economic power;2) China’s economic power has been significantly strengthened both in intensity and scope, having expanded from the surrounding countries to the whole world. In 2014, China had a high amount of economic power over 18 countries from the 41 main countries in the world, compared to 2 in 2000;3) China’s power in terms of sensitivity dependence takes on an evolutionary trend from point distribution to flaky growth, and it shows a process ‘from point to line’ from the aspect of spatial diffusion. Furthermore, China’s power in terms of vulnerability dependence shows a trend that extends from the surrounding countries to European and South American countries;4) comprehensively, China’s power in terms of vulnerability dependence is higher than that of sensitivity dependence, and the spatial distribution pattern demonstrates a process from centralization to decentralization from 2000 to 2014.

关键词： spatial spillover economic power spatiotemporal evolution China

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中国入境旅游流的收敛与空间溢出效应分析

旅游管理

旅游管理 2016年第4期 47-60页

作者：纪小美陈金华付业勤

本文运用经济增长收敛理论与验证性空间数据分析探讨了2005年～2013年中国市域入境旅游流增长收敛、溢出效应的时空特点与影响因素。研究表明：①入境旅游流分布呈不同层级的“中心—外围”格局，港澳台客流东南向西北递减，外国客流由... 详细信息

本文运用经济增长收敛理论与验证性空间数据分析探讨了2005年～2013年中国市域入境旅游流增长收敛、溢出效应的时空特点与影响因素。研究表明：①入境旅游流分布呈不同层级的“中心—外围”格局，港澳台客流东南向西北递减，外国客流由沿海、沿边向中部不断填充；②旅游流增长空间自相关，高增长率地市集中于中西部，供需结构的优化推动中西部入境旅游的快速发展，缩小与东部的差距；③旅游流增长率满足绝对与条件收敛假设，中西部初始值低，后续增速较快，东部初始值高，后续增速放缓；④旅游资源、经济外向度、与京沪穗的距离这三大全域型影响因素的作用最显著；⑤空间外溢效应具有距离敏感性与市场差异性，对客流的促进作用大于资金流，对外国人客流的促进作用大于港澳台。本文提出加强与京沪穗及边境国家的合作、完善旅游空间网络体系、关注游客偏好动向，延长停留时间等对策。

关键词：入境旅游流时空格局收敛空间溢出市域 inbound tourism flow distribution pattern convergence spatial spillover city-level

The effects of PM_(2.5)concentration on residents'health from the perspective of spatial economics

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2020年第2期18卷 137-143页

作者： Shiwei Wu School of Economics and Management Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China

Ambient air quality is an important part of the ecological *** on panel data from 192 countries for the period 2010–2016,our study applies spatial geography elements in a spatial panel model to analyze whether PM_(2.5)harms residents'*** find a positive correlation between PM_(2.5)concentration and the prevalence of *** testing shows that if residents live in environments with high PM_(2.5)concentrations for an extended period,it increases their probability of contracting ***_(2.5)concentration and economic growth have an environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)***,PM_(2.5)concentration and prevalence of tuberculosis in different countries have a positive spatial correlation during the study *** values of PM_(2.5)concentration in adjacent areas are similar,because PM_(2.5)can cross borders through airflow and as economic development levels in adjacent regions are *** regulating haze pollution,we should adopt regional joint governance,consider the specific characteristics of different regions,and coordinate these regulations with environmental protection policies to realize the goal of“lucid waters and lush mountains.”

关键词： PM_(2.5)concentration Residents'health spatial spillover Environmental Kuznets curve

How Infrastructure Construction Reduces Market Segregation in China:Achievements and Problems

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China Economist 2017年第6期12卷 28-41页

作者：范欣宋冬林赵新宇 School of Economics Jilin UniversityChangchunChina

Theoretically, infrastructure construction helps remove domestic market segregation and thus create a modern market system. Based on the theory of new economy geography, this paper investigates the relationship between infrastructure construction and market segregation using the spatial Panel Dubin Model(SPDM) based on China's interprovincial panel data of 1993-2012. As shown by empirical result, the beggar-thyneighbor problem existed persistently within China, infrastructure construction helped remove market segregation and should be enhanced, infrastructure construction had heterogeneous spatial spillover effects across periods, and market segregation behaviors were heterogeneous across regions or localities. China should enhance infrastructure to narrow regional gaps and step up cooperation among investors across regions to reduce the adverse impact of geographical boundary, and create modern service-based local governments, allowing the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation.

关键词： infrastructure construction spatial spillover market segregation spatial anel Dubin Model (SPDM)

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基础设施建设打破了国内市场分割吗?

国民经济管理

国民经济管理 2017年第6期 20-34页

作者：范欣宋冬林赵新宇

从理论上来说，作为社会先行资本的基础设施建设一定程度上有助于打破国内市场分割，为构建现代市场体系奠定基础。本文基于新经济地理学理论，利用1993-2012年我国省际面板数据，采用空间面板杜宾模型对我国基础设施建设与市场分割的... 详细信息

从理论上来说，作为社会先行资本的基础设施建设一定程度上有助于打破国内市场分割，为构建现代市场体系奠定基础。本文基于新经济地理学理论，利用1993-2012年我国省际面板数据，采用空间面板杜宾模型对我国基础设施建设与市场分割的关系进行研究分析。实证结果表明，“以邻为壑”现象在中国仍长期存在；基础设施建设作为打破市场分割的物质基础，可为政府加强基础设施建设提供理论支撑；基础设施建设的空间溢出效应呈现出阶段性差异；不同区域或不同区位下市场分割的策略性行为并非一致。基于此，政府应加强基础设施建设，缩小基础设施建设的区域差异；同时，加强投资主体的跨区域协作，削弱地理界限对市场的不利影响；此外，政府应积极打造现代服务型政府，充分发挥政策导向功能，避免人为过多干预市场秩序，进而实现市场在资源配置中发挥决定性作用，以期建立现代市场体系。

关键词：基础设施建设空间溢出市场分割空间面板杜宾模型 infrastructure construction spatial spillover market segmentation spatial panel durbin model

基于社会网络视角的我国粮食市场风险空间溢出研究

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统计与精算 2023年第3期

作者：丁存振徐宣国

粮食市场风险空间溢出加大了粮食市场风险防范难度，深入分析粮食市场风险空间溢出关系，对于提高粮食市场风险保障能力及完善粮食市场风险管理体系具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文以玉米市场为例，在对玉米市场风险测度的基础上，基于... 详细信息

粮食市场风险空间溢出加大了粮食市场风险防范难度，深入分析粮食市场风险空间溢出关系，对于提高粮食市场风险保障能力及完善粮食市场风险管理体系具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文以玉米市场为例，在对玉米市场风险测度的基础上，基于社会网络视角，通过Diebold和Yilmaz提出的风险溢出网络分析框架，从总体、区域和省际三个层面分析玉米市场风险空间溢出效应及其网络结构特征。研究结果表明：首先，我国玉米市场风险水平整体呈近似“U”型变化趋势，不同区域玉米市场风险差异较大，西北灌溉玉米区玉米市场风险最高。其次，我国玉米市场风险总体空间溢出水平较高，样本期内呈近似“W”型走势；各省份对外风险溢出差异较大，山东、河北、河南等是国内玉米市场风险的主要来源地。最后，玉米市场风险空间溢出呈现多线程、复杂的网络结构形态，网络结构较为紧密、整体关联性强且较为稳定；中东部地区玉米消费量较大的省份在玉米市场风险空间溢出网络中处于中心位置，在网络中扮演着中心行动者角色，而地理位置偏远的省份在玉米市场风险空间溢出网络中影响力较小，扮演着边缘行动者角色。

关键词：粮食市场风险空间溢出社会网络 grain market risk spatial spillover social network

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先富地区带动了其他地区共同富裕吗

统计与精算 2018年第1期

作者：覃成林杨霞

“让一部分地区先富裕起来，然后带动其他地区共同富裕”，是中国在改革开放之初所做出的一项重大区域战略安排。迄今，该战略第一阶段的目标早已实现，一部分地区已经率先富裕起来了，但是，第二阶段的目标是否已经实现却是需要探讨的... 详细信息

“让一部分地区先富裕起来，然后带动其他地区共同富裕”，是中国在改革开放之初所做出的一项重大区域战略安排。迄今，该战略第一阶段的目标早已实现，一部分地区已经率先富裕起来了，但是，第二阶段的目标是否已经实现却是需要探讨的问题。本文认为，除了财政转移支付和对口支援等途径之外，在市场经济条件下，先富地区带动其他地区共同富裕的主要途径是其经济增长的空间外溢。据此，本文构建包含空间外溢的区域经济增长收敛模型，以该战略第一阶段目标的实现年1999年为时点确定先富地区，运用1999-2013年285个地级及以上市行政区的面板数据，考察先富地区是否带动了其他地区共同富裕。结果显示，先富地区通过经济增长的空间外溢带动了部分邻近的其他地区共同富裕，这种带动作用的有效范围有限，而且其程度也存在差异。这说明，先富地区带动其他地区共同富裕的作用具有明显的局域性和差异性。因此，从实现共同富裕考虑，一方面，需要继续促进先富地区经济发展，同时改善先富地区的空间外溢条件，扩大其带动其他地区共同富裕的空间范围；另一方面，对于先富地区带动作用所不能及的其他地区，则需要依据增长极理论设计新的区域战略及政策，促使其富裕起来。

关键词：区域经济增长空间外溢区域经济 regional economic growth spatial spillover regional economy