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Niche breadth and overlap of spotted deer and domestic cattle with swamp deer in tropical region of Nepal

Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 238-247页

作者： Siddhartha Regmi Bijaya Neupane Bijaya Dhami Deepak Gautam Saroj Panthi Megharaj Poudel Institute of Forestry Tribhuvan University44107 HetaudaNepal Institute of Forestry Tribhuvan University33700 PokharaNepal School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Ministry of Forest Environment and Soil ConservationPokhara 33700GandakiNepal Ministry of Forests and Environment Forest Research and Training CenterKathmandu 44600Nepal Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Helsinki00014 HelsinkiFinland

Background:Knowledge about the niche overlap among wild species and domestic cattle is helpful to conserve and manage wildlife.We assessed the habitat niche breadth and overlap of sympatrically living spotted deer(Axis axis)and domestic cattle with swamp deer(Cervus duvaucelii)in Shuklaphanta National Park,Nepal during the dry season to explore the possibility of interspecific competition by studying the habitat use by these species.The assumption was made that the presence of pellets is proof of habitat used by species.Methods:Grids of 2 km×2 km have four subgrids,each with four sample plots,making a total of 16 plots(20 m×20 m)in each grid.The size of each sub-grid was 200 m×200 m and they were placed randomly inside the grid but at least 1 km apart from one another.The data was collected in a 96 plots in total.Levin’s niche breadth and Morisita’s overlap index were calculated to determine the niche breadth and the habitat overlap,respectively.Results:The Levin’s measure of niche breadth suggested that spotted deer had the highest acclimatization with an index value of 0.94,followed by domestic cattle at 0.50,and swamp deer at 0.33 in our study area.Thus,our findings supported the evidence that spotted deer are habitat generalists,whereas swamp deer are habitat specialists.The swamp deer had lower niche breadth and more overlap with domestic cattle.Conclusion:Our study showed the least niche breadth of swamp deer in comparison to spotted deer and domestic cattle.The domestic cattle had the highest and least niche overlap with spotted deer and swamp deer,respectively,in terms of habitat use.Our study suggests that domestic cattle grazing should be stopped,and grassland management should be carried out for the benefit of ungulates.Similar studies should be conducted,including different seasons and places,prior to appropriate habitat management.In addition,further studies are needed to quantify the extent of interspecific competition by incorporating more species.

关键词： Generalist Levin’s niche breadth Morisita’s overlap index spatial overlap Habitat specialist

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spatial Pattern and Development of Protected Areas in the North-south Transitional Zone of China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2021年第1期31卷 149-166页

作者： LI Xiang MA Beibei LU Chunxia YANG He SUN Mengyu School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710119China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The north-south transitional zone in China mainly consists of the Qinling-Daba Mountains. It is the most important West-East geo-ecological space in China, containing protected areas vital for biodiversity conservation and ecological security of China. The protection and rational development of its natural habitat is of great significance to China’s ecological security and integration of protected areas based on mountain forest ecosystems on a global scale. In this study, five important types of protected areas in the transitional zone were selected, and their spatial patterns were analysed. spatial analysis methods, such as kernel density estimation and accessibility analysis, were employed for both point and areal data, and focused on four aspects: land use scale, shift in the centre of gravity, spatial agglomeration, and accessibility. In addition, policy background and evolution of spatial and temporal characteristics of the protected area system in the transitional zone from 1963 to 2017 were also examined. We analysed the characteristics and geographical significance of the West-east corridor using the spatial pattern of the protected area system from the perspective of ecological and economic spaces. We focused on spatial shape, type intersection, and key areas to analyse the spatial overlap of the protected areas. Protected area establishment was divided into three stages: initial(1956–1980), rapid development(1981–2013), and national park transformation(2014–present). These stages reflected the change in the concept of ‘simple protection—sustainable use—integration and upgrade’ for protected areas of China. The spatial centre of gravity of the protection zone system was located in the west Qinling-Daba Mountains, and its high-density core exhibited a relatively stable N-shaped structure composed of four gathering areas. Affected by factors such as geographic environment and socio-economic development density, the average access time for protected areas was high(1.56 h);wetland parks and scenic areas are

关键词： North-south Transitional Zone(NSTZ) protected area(PA) spatial-temporal pattern accessibility the West-east corridor spatial overlap

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Quick Phase Identification for Dense Seismic Array with Aid from Long Term Phase Records of Co-located Sparse Permanent Stations

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Earthquake Research in China 2020年第3期34卷 328-342页

作者： CHEN Yini LI Jun WANG Zhenjie ZHAO Mengqi YU Tiehong LI Danning YU Junyi WANG Weitao Zhejiang Earthquake Agency Hangzhou 310013China Key Laboratory of Earthquake Source Physics Institute of GeophysicsChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100086China Yunnan Earthquake Agency Kunming 650224China

The phase identification and travel time picking are critical for seismic tomography,yet it will be challenging when the numbers of stations and earthquakes are huge.We here present a method to quickly obtain P and S travel times of pre-determined earthquakes from mobile dense array with the aid from long term phase records from co-located permanent stations.The records for 1768 M≥2.0 events from 2011 to 2013 recorded by 350 ChinArray stations deployed in Yunnan Province are processed with an improved AR-AIC method utilizing cumulative envelope and rectilinearity.The reference arrivals are predicted based on phase records from 88 permanent stations with similar spatial coverage,which are further refined with AR-AIC.Totally,718573 P picks and 512035 S picks are obtained from mobile stations,which are 28 and 22 times of those from permanent stations,respectively.By comparing the automatic picks with manual picks from 88 permanent stations,for M≥3.0 events,81.5%of the P-pick errors are smaller than 0.5 second and 70.5%of S-pick errors are smaller than1 second.For events with a lower magnitude,76.5%P-pick errors fall into 0.5 second and 69.5%S-pick errors are smaller than 1 second.Moreover,the Pn and Sn phases are easily discriminated from directly P/S,indicating the necessity of combining traditional auto picking and integrating machine learning method.

关键词： Phase picking Travel time Dense array spatial overlap

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