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Film-mulched continuous ridge-furrow planting improves soil temperature,nutrient content and enzymatic activity in a winter oilseed rape field,Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第3期10卷 362-374页

作者： GU Xiaobo LI Yuannong DU Yadan Key Laboratory of Agricultural soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education Northwest A&F University

Film mulching system is a widely employed agricultural practice worldwide. However, the effects of different planting and mulching patterns on soil nutrient content and enzymatic activity have not been well documented. In this study, we examined the impact of four planting and mulching patterns（including control, flat planting without mulching; M1, flat planting with film mulching; M2, ridge-furrow planting with film mulching on both ridges and furrows; and M3, ridge-furrow planting with film mulching on continuous ridges） on the seed yield of winter oilseed rape, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil organic carbon（SOC） content, soil nutrient content, and soil enzymatic activity over three growing seasons from 2012 to 2015 in a winter oilseed rape field in the semi-arid area of Northwest China. Seed yield of winter oilseed rape, soil moisture, soil temperature, enzymatic activities, and contents of nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were all significantly higher in mulching treatments（M1, M2 and M3） than in control treatment over the three growing seasons, whereas SOC content was significantly lower in mulching treatments than in control treatment during 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. Among the three mulching treatments（M1, M2 and M3）, the M3 treatment showed consistently higher seed yield, SOC content, nutrient contents, and enzymatic activities than the other two treatments. Seed yield of winter oilseed rape was 41.1% and 15.0% higher in M3 than in M1 and M2, respectively. SOC content and soil enzymatic activities in the top 0–20 cm soil layers and nitrate-nitrogen content in the top 0–30 cm soil layers were all significantly higher in M3 than in M1 and M2. Therefore, we advise the ridge-furrow planting with film mulching on continuous ridges（i.e., M3） as an efficient planting and mulching pattern for sustainably improving the seed yield of winter oilseed rape and preserving soil fertility in the semi-arid area of Northwest China.

关键词： film mulching soil temperature soil organic carbon soil nutrient content soil enzymatic activity winteroilseed rape Northwest China

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An analytical model for estimating soil temperature profiles on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第2期8卷 232-240页

作者： HU Guojie ZHAO Lin WU Xiaodong LI Ren WU Tonghua XIE Changwei QIAO Yongping SHI Jianzong CHENG Guodong Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric SciencesCold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences

soil temperature is a key variable in the control of underground hydro-thermal processes. To estimate soil temperature more accurately, this study proposed a solution method of the heat conduction equation of soil temperature （improved heat conduction model） by applying boundary conditions that incorporate the annual and diurnal variations of soil surface temperature and the temporal variation of daily temperature amplitude, as well as the temperature difference between two soil layers in the Tanggula observation site of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. We employed both the improved heat conduction model and the classical heat conduction model to fit soil temperature by using the 5 cm soil layer as the upper boundary for soil depth. The results indicated that the daily soil temperature amplitude can be better described by the sinusoidal function in the improved model, which then yielded more accurate soil temperature simulating effect at the depth of 5 cm. The simulated soil temperature values generated by the improved model and classical heat conduction model were then compared to the observed soil temperature values at different soil depths. Statistical analyses of the root mean square error （RMSE）, the normalized standard error （NSEE） and the bias demonstrated that the improved model showed higher accuracy, and the average values of RMSE, bias and NSEE at the soil depth of 10-105 cm were 1.41℃, 1.15℃ and 22.40%, respectively. These results indicated that the improved heat conduction model can better estimate soil temperature profiles compared to the traditional model.

关键词： soil temperature heat conduction equation daily amplitude boundary condition

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Interactive effects of soil temperature and moisture on soil N mineralization in a Stipa krylovii grassland in Inner Mongolia, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第5期6卷 571-580页

作者： Yue LI YingHui LIU YaLin WANG Lei NIU Xia XU YuQiang TIAN State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Beijing Normal University College of Resources Science and Technology Beijing Normal University

Determining soil N mineralization response to soil temperature and moisture changes is challenging in the field due to complicated effects from other factors. In the laboratory, N mineralization is highly dependent on temperature, moisture and sample size. In this study, a laboratory incubation experiment was carefully designed and conducted under controlled conditions to examine the effects of soil temperature and moisture on soil N mineralization using soil samples obtained from the Stipa krylovii grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. Five temperature（i.e. 9℃, 14℃, 22℃, 30℃ and 40℃） and five moisture levels（i.e. 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% WHC, where WHC is the soil water holding capacity） were included in a full-factorial design. During the 71-day incubation period, microbial biomass carbon（MBC）, ammonium nitrogen（NH4 ^＋-N） and nitrate nitrogen（NO3^--N） were measured approximately every 18 days; soil basal respiration for qCO2 index was measured once every 2 days（once a week near the end of the incubation period）. The results showed that the mineral N production and net N mineralization rates were positively correlated with temperature; the strongest correlation was observed for temperatures between 30℃ and 40℃. The relationships between moisture levels and both the mineral N production and net N mineralization rates were quadratic. The interaction between soil temperature and moisture was significant on N mineralization, i.e. increasing temperatures（moisture） enhanced the sensitivity of N mineralization to moisture（temperature）. Our results also showed a positive correlation between the net nitrification rate and temperature, while the correlation between the NH4 ^＋-N content and temperature was insignificant. The net nitrification rate was negatively correlated with high NH4 ^＋-N contents at 80%–100% WHC, suggesting an active denitrification in moist conditions. Moreover, qCO2 index was positively correlated with temperature, especially at 80% WHC. With a low net nitrification rate and high soil basal respirat

关键词： soil N mineralization soil temperature soil moisture Stipa krylovii grassland

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Evaluating the Capabilities of soil Enthalpy, soil Moisture and soil temperature in Predicting Seasonal Precipitation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第4期35卷 445-456页

作者： Changyu ZHAO Haishan CHEN Shanlei SUN Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME)/International Joint Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) School of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST)

soil enthalpy （H） contains the combined effects of both soil moisture （w） and soil temperature （T） in the land surface hydrothermal process. In this study, the sensitivities of H to w and T are investigated using the multi-linear regression method. Results indicate that T generally makes positive contributions to H, while w exhibits different （positive or negative） impacts due to soil ice effects. For example, w negatively contributes to H if soil contains more ice; however, after soil ice melts, w exerts positive contributions. In particular, due to lower w interannual variabilities in the deep soil layer （i.e., the fifth layer）, H is more sensitive to T than to w. Moreover, to compare the potential capabilities of H, w and T in precipitation （P） prediction, the Huanghe-Huaihe Basin （HHB） and Southeast China （SEC）, with similar sensitivities of H to w and T, are selected. Analyses show that, despite similar spatial distributions of H-P and T-P correlation coefficients, the former values are always higher than the latter ones. Furthermore, H provides the most effective signals for P prediction over HHB and SEC, i.e., a significant leading correlation between May H and early summer （June） P. In summary, H, which integrates the effects of T and w as an independent variable, has greater capabilities in monitoring land surface heating and improving seasonal P prediction relative to individual land surface factors （e.g., T and w）.

关键词： seasonal precipitation prediction land surface process soil enthalpy soil moisture soil temperature

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Mulching type-induced soil moisture and temperature regimes and water use efficiency of soybean under rain-fed condition in central Japan

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第4期5卷 302-308页

作者： Mohammad Abdul Kader Masateru Senge Mohammad Abdul Mojid Kimihito Nakamura Rural Development Academy(RDA) Bogra-5842Bangladesh Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences Gifu University1-1 YanagidoGifu City 501-1112Japan Department of Irrigation and Water Management Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh-2202Bangladesh Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto UniversityKitashirakawa Oiwake-choSakyo WardKyoto 606-8502Japan

Soybean(Glycine max)is a high water-demand crop and grown under moderate temperature in Japan.To protect the crop from hot summer and to utilize rainfall for its cultivation,selection of appropriate mulching material(s)is crucial.For optimum production of the crop,soil moisture and temperature regimes as well as water use efficiency(WUE)of the crop were investigated under straw,grass,paper,plastic and bare soil(control)mulching under rain-fed condition at Gifu university farm in Japan.The mulching treatments,compared to the control,lowered soil temperature by 2°C at 5 cm depth and 0.5°C at 15 and 25 cm depths.The plastic and straw mulching stored the highest quantity of soil moisture at 5 and 15 cm depths;the bare soil stored the lowest quantity.At 25 cm depth,soil-moisture content was the highest under paper mulch but invariable under the other mulches.Plastic mulching reduced evaporation rate from the soil surface and,consequently,the reduced soil-water consumption(SWC)from the root zone augmented WUE of soybean.The paper mulching,by conserving soil-moisture and reducing soil temperature,provided better crop growth attributes,while the plastic mulching improved WUE of green soybean.Therefore,the plastic mulch performed best in reducing soil-water consumption and increasing WUE,while the paper mulch was good for soil-moisture conservation and temperature modification that increased soybean yield.

关键词： Mulching soil-water consumption soil temperature Water use efficiency

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Relationship Between soil temperature in May over Northwest China and the East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2013年第5期27卷 716-724页

作者：王远皓陈文张井勇 Debashis NATH Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study investigates the relationship between the soil temperature in May and the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） precipitation in June and July using station observed soil temperature data over Northwest China from 1971 to 2000.It is found that the memory of the soil temperature at 80-cm depth can persist for at least 2 months,and the soil temperature in May is closely linked to the EASM precipitation in June and July.When the soil temperature is warmer in May over Northwest China,less rainfall occurs over the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley but more rainfall occurs over South China in June and July.It is proposed that positive anomalous soil temperature in May over Northwest China corresponds to higher geopotential heights over the most parts of the mainland of East Asia,which tend to weaken the ensuing EASM.Moreover,in June and July,a cyclonic circulation anomaly occurs over Southeast China and Northwest Pacific and an anticyclonic anomaly appears in the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley at 850 hPa.All the above tend to suppress the precipitation in the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley.The results also indicate that the soil temperature in May over Northwest China is closely related to the East Asia/Pacific （EAP） teleconnection pattern,and it may be employed as a useful predictor for the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall.

关键词： soil temperature the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation the EAP teleconnection pattern

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Forecasting soil temperature at multiple-depth with a hybrid artificial neural network model coupledhybrid firefly optimizer algorithm

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2018年第4期5卷 465-476页

作者： Saeed Samadianfard Mohammad Ali Ghorbani Babak Mohammadi Department of Water Engineering University of TabrizTabrizIran Engineering Faculty Near East University99138 NicosiaNorth CyprusMersin 10Turkey Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering University of TehranKarajIran

Forecasting soil temperature at multiple depths is considered to be a core decision-making task for examining future changes in surface and sub-surface meteorological processes,land-atmosphere energy exchange,resilient agricultural systems for improved crop health and eco-environmental risk assessment.The aim of this paper is to estimate monthly soil temperature(ST)at multiple depth:5,10,20,50 and 100 cm with a hybrid multi-layer perceptron algorithm integrated with the firefly optimizer algorithm(MLP-FFA).To develop the hybrid MLP-FFA model,the monthly ST and relevant meteorological variables for the city of Adana(Turkey)are collated for the period of 2000–2007.Construction of hybrid MLP-FFA model is drawn upon a limited set of predictors,denoted as soil depth,periodicity(or the respective month),air temperature,pressure and solar radiation,while the objective variable for MLP-FFA model is the forecasted ST at multiple depths.To the evaluate MLPFFA,statistical metrics applied to test the model’s performance are:the root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE),mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)and mean bias error(MBE)where the sign of the difference is also considered.In conjunction with statistical metrics,a Taylor diagram is utilized to visualize the degree of similarity between the observed and forecasted soil moisture.In terms of the forecasted results,the hybrid MLPFFA model is seen to outperform the standalone MLP model.The optimal MLP-FFA is attained for soil temperature forecasting at a depth of 20 cm(RMSE,MAPE of 0.546C,2.40%)whereas the optimal MLP is attained for soil temperature forecasting at a depth of 50 cm(RMSE of 0.544℃,2.21%).Conclusively,the study advocates through statistical metrics attained the better utility of the hybrid MLP-FFA hybrid model.Given its superior performance,it is ascertained that the hybrid MLP model integrated with Firefly optimizer is a qualified ancillary tool that can be applied to generate precise soil temperature forecasts at multiple soil depths.

关键词： Artificial neural network Hybrid firefly algorithm soil temperature Turkish State Meteorological Service

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Changes in soil temperature and water content under mobile soil steam disinfection

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第3期14卷 140-147页

作者： Zhenjie Yang Xiaochan Wang Muhammad Ameen College of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210031China College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China

The soil steam injection method is one of the most effective disinfection methods,and the determination of the steam pipe structure parameters is very important.The steam capillary diameter(SCD)affects the steam flow field in each pipe,which in turn affects the steam changes in the soil flow range and soil temperature(ST).Larger SCD would make lower ST in clay loam,silt loam,and sandy clay loam.The effectiveness of an SCD of 10 mm was verified by a mobile disinfection test at walking speeds of 10 cm/min and 30 cm/min under soil water content(SWC)of 15%and 35%,respectively.The results showed that when the walking speed was 10 cm/min,the initial SWC was proportional to the ST.However,when the walking speed was 30 cm/min,the law was exactly the opposite;that is,the initial water content is inversely proportional to the ST.The research can provide a theoretical research foundation for increasing soil temperature for efficient soil steam disinfection.

关键词： soil steam disinfection steam capillary diameter steam capillary vent soil temperature soil water content

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Degradability of biodegradable plastic films and its mulching effects on soil temperature and maize yield in northeastern China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第2期13卷 146-153页

作者： Wangwang Zhang Lihong Wang Jiaqi Zhou Kunlun Zhu Shijun Sun College of Water Conservancy Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Shandong Tianzhuang Eco-Benign Plastics Technology Co. LtdJinan 250110China

Plastic film is an important resource in agricultural production,but it takes hundreds of years to degrade completely in natural environment.The large-scale use of plastic film will inevitably lead to serious environmental pollution.One way to solve the problem is to develop a substitutable mulching film,such as a biodegradable film that can ultimately be decomposed to water,carbon dioxide,and soil organic matter by micro-organisms.In this study,a 2-year experiment was conducted to determine the degradation properties of a biodegradable plastic film,including degradation rate,surface microstructure,tensile strength and elongation at break,and the effects of different mulching treatments on soil temperature and maize yield.The mulching experiment was conducted with three different biodegradable plastic films with different degradation rates,using a common plastic film and a non-mulched treatment as control.With the addition of the additives for degradation in the biodegradable plastic films,the degradation rates increased significantly,which were 7.2%-17.8%in 2017 and 18.1%-35.2%in 2018 after maize harvesting.However,the degradation occurred mainly on the ridge side.The decrease in tensile strength and elongation was proportional to the degradation rate of the degradable film.The SEM results indicated that the surface microstructures of the biodegradable films were loose and heterogeneous after maize harvesting.Biodegradable plastic film mulching increased the soil temperature at soil depths of 5 cm,15 cm,and 25 cm,over the maize’s entire growth period,by 3.1℃-3.2℃ in 2017 and 1.2℃-2.1℃ in 2018 compared with the non-mulched treatment.The biodegradable plastic film increased the maize yield by 10.4%-14.3%in 2017 and 11.6%-24.7%in 2018.The soil temperature and maize yield increases were statistically significant;however,with respect to maize qualities,there were no statistically significant increases among the five treatments.This study shows that biodegradable plastic film can be used as a substitute for common pla

关键词： biodegradable plastic film film mulching degradation properties soil temperature maize yield

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Effects of degradable films with different degradation cycles on soil temperature,moisture and maize yield

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第3期12卷 36-44页

作者： Lixia Shen Yumeng Zhang Yinchao Lan Ruofan Li College of Water Conservancy and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China College of Urban and Environmental Science Northwestern UniversityXi’an 710127China

Photo biodegradable film is an ideal degradable mulch film with synergistic effect of photo-degradability and biodegradability.To examine the covering effects of different films,maize was cultivated in the field with three kinds of degradable films(DF)mulching which had different degradation cycles(DF No.1,No.2 and No.3),with common plastic film mulching and no filming mulching(open ground)as comparison.The degradation rates and degrees of degradable films were examined,and the effects of different films on soil temperature,soil moisture,maize yield and relevant characteristics in each treatment were analyzed.The results indicated that the degradable films had good degradability,and the weight loss rate in 100 d for DF No.1,No.2,and No.3 were 22.31%,19.46%,and 15.63%,which were 4.16,3.63,and 2.92 times of the plastic film,respectively.In the early period of maize growth,the degradable films had good warming effects on soil,which were similar with the plastic film.The effect of DF No.2 on soil water conservation was slightly better than that of DF No.1 or No.3,similar with that of the plastic film.The soil water contents in 0-140 cm depths were significantly higher for DF No.2 than that for the open ground(p<0.05).The degradable films could significantly promote the ear development of maize,improve the ear characteristics,shorten the bald tip,and increase kernel number per plant(KNP)and 1000-kernel weight(TKW).The grain yields(GYs)for DF No.2,No.1,and No.3 were significantly improved,with 35.15%,31.35%,and 30.07%higher than that the open ground respectively(p<0.05).With no significant difference between DF and the plastic film,the GY was increased more for DF No.2 than that for DF No.1 and No.3.The degradable films fulfilled successfully all the functions of the plastic film,thus they were recommended as viable option to the plastic film due to their good degradability.

关键词： degradable film photo biodegradable film soil temperature soil moisture maize yield

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