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Effect of soil surface roughness on emergence rate and yield of mechanized direct-seeded rapeseed based on 3D laser scanning

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第3期16卷 110-119页

作者： Hui Chen Liping Gao Mengcheng Li Yitao Liao Qingxi Liao School of Energy and Power Engineering Xihua UniversityChengdu 610039China College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

The quality of seedbed after sowing such as soil surface roughness is one of the key factors affecting the seedling emergence of rapeseed,which ultimately affected crop yield.However,the effect of soil surface roughness on seedling emergence and yield of rapeseed is still unclear.In this study,field experiments at the experimental site of Jianli and Shayang were carried out.Three treatments were designed:relative slow(M1),medium(M2),and fast(M3)forward speed of the unit.soil surface roughness measured by a 3D laser scanner,seed quantity of the seeder,emergence rate and yield of rapeseed were determined to investigate the soil surface roughness effect on emergence rate and yield of rapeseed.The results showed that as the forward speed of the unit increased,the compartment surface became rougher.Compared with the M1 and M2 treatments,soil surface roughness under the M3 treatment increased by 36.5%and 9.8%,respectively.The actual seed quantity of the seeder under different treatments ranged from 3806.56 to 4158.18 g/hm2.The average error rate of the actual and theoretical seed quantity was less than 5%,which met the operational quality requirements for seeding rapeseed crops.As the forward speed of the unit increased,the actual seed quantity of the seeder gradually increased while the emergence rate and yield of rapeseed decreased.The seed quantity under the M3 treatment increased by 6.9%and 4.7%,while the emergence rate of rapeseed decreased by 3.3%and 2.0%,and the yield decreased by 23.2%and 13.1%,compared with the M1 and M2 treatments,respectively.Correlation analysis indicated that emergence rate and yield of rapeseed were negatively influenced by soil surface roughness.Considering rapeseed emergence rate,seed yield,and economic benefits,the M1 treatment was recommended.But considering the factor that the M1 treatment may reduce the unit operation efficiency,and thus resulting in lower cost of production,M2 could be recommended in actual farming.The results of this study laid a theoretical foundation for analyzi

关键词： mechanized direct-seeder soil surface roughness rapeseed seed emergence rate yield

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soil surface roughness change and its effect on runoff and erosion on the Loess Plateau of China

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第4期6卷 400-409页

作者： LongShan ZHAO XinLan LIANG FaQi WU College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University

As an important parameter in the soil erosion model, soil surface roughness（SSR） is used to quantitatively describe the micro-relief on agricultural land. SSR has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically; however, no studies have focused on understanding SSR on the Loess Plateau of China. This study investigated changes in SSR for three different tillage practices on the Loess Plateau of China and the effects of SSR on runoff and erosion yield during simulated rainfall. The tillage practices used were zero tillage（ZT）, shallow hoeing（SH） and contour ploughing（CP）. Two rainfall intensities were applied, and three stages of water erosion processes（splash erosion（I）, sheet erosion（II） and rill erosion（III）） were analyzed for each rainfall intensity. The chain method was used to measure changes in SSR both initially and after each stage of rainfall. A splash board was used to measure the splash erosion at stage I. Runoff and sediment data were collected continuously at 2-min intervals during rainfall erosion stages II and III. We found that SSR of the tilled surfaces ranged from 1.0% to 21.9% under the three tillage practices, and the order of the initial SSR for the three treatments was ZT〈SH〈CP. For the ZT treatment, SSR increased slightly from stage I to III, whereas for the SH and CP treatments, SSR decreased by 44.5% and 61.5% after the three water erosion stages, respectively, and the greatest reduction in SSR occurred in stage I. Regression analysis showed that the changes in SSR with increasing cumulative rainfall could be described by a power function（R2〉0.49） for the ZT, SH and CP treatments. The runoff initiation time was longer in the SH and CP treatments than in the ZT treatment. There were no significant differences in the total runoff yields among the ZT, SH and CP treatments. Sediment loss was significantly smaller（P〈0.05） in the SH and CP treatments than in the ZT treatment.

关键词： tillage practice soil surface roughness overland flow water erosion Loess Plateau

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Relationship between soil surface roughness and hydraulic roughness coefficient on sloping farmland

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Water Science and Engineering 2012年第2期5卷 191-201页

作者： Zi-cheng ZHEN Shu-qin HE Fa-qi WU College of Resources and Environment Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Earth surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Water and Soil Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Yangling 712100 P. R. China College of Resources and Environment Northwest A &F University Yangling 712100 P. R. China

The soil surface roughness and hydraulic roughness coefficient are important hydraulic resistance characteristic parameters. Precisely estimating the hydraulic roughness coefficient is important to understanding mechanisms of overland flow. Four tillage practices, including cropland raking, artificial hoeing, artificial digging, and straight slopes, were considered based on the local agricultural conditions to simulate different values of soil surface roughness in the Loess Plateau. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the soil surface roughness and hydraulic roughness coefficient on sloping farmland using artificial rainfall simulation. On a slope with a gradient of 10°, a significant logarithmic function was developed between the soil surface roughness and Manning＇s roughness coefficient, and an exponential function was derived to describe the relationship between the soil surface roughness and Reynolds number. On the slope with a gradient of 15°, a significant power function was developed to reflect the relationship between the soil surface roughness and Manning＇s roughness coefficient, and a linear function was derived to relate the soil surface roughness to the Reynolds number. These findings can provide alternative ways to estimate the hydraulic roughness coefficient for different types of soil surface roughness.

关键词： soil hydraulics sloping farmland,＂ soil erosion soil surface roughness hydraulic roughness coefficient Reynolds number tillage practice

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