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soil mineral nitrogen and yield-scaled soil n2O emissions lowered by reducing nitrogen application and intercropping with soybean for sweet maize production in southern China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第11期16卷 2586-2596页

作者： TAnG Yi-ling YU Ling-ling GUAn Ao-mei ZHOU Xian-yu WAnG Zhi-guo GOU Yong-gang WAnG Jian-wu Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology~Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in the Tropics Ministry of Agriculture/KeyLaboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions South China AgriculturalUniversity Guangzhou 510642 P.R. China

The increasing demand for fresh sweet maize （Zea mays L. saccharata） in southern China has prioritized the need to find solutions to the environmental pollution caused by its continuous production and high inputs of chemical nitrogen fertilizers. A promising method for improving crop production and environmental conditions is to intercrop sweet maize with legumes. Here, a three-year field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of four different cropping systems （sole sweet maize （SS）, sole soybean （SB）, two rows sweet maize-three rows soybean （S2B3） intercropping, and two rows sweet maize-four rows soybean （S2B4） intercropping）, together with two rates of n fertilizer application （300 and 360 kg n ha-1） on grain yield, residual soil mineral n, and soil n2O emissions in southern China. Results showed that in most case, inter- cropping achieved yield advantages （total land equivalent ratio （TLER=0.87-1.25） was above one）. Moreover, intercropping resulted in 39.8% less soil mineral n than SS at the time of crop harvest, averaged over six seasons （spring and autumn in each of the three years of the field experiment）. Generally, intercropping and reduced-n application （300 kg n ha-1） produced lower cumulative soil n20 and yield-scaled soil n20 emissions than SS and conventionaI-n application （360 kg n ha-l）, respectively. $2B4 intercropping with reduced-n rate （300 kg n ha-~） showed the lowest cumulative soil n20 （mean value=0.61 kg ha-1） and yield-scaled soil n20 （mean value=0.04 kg t-1） emissions. Overall, intercropping with reduced-n rate maintained sweet maize production, while also reducing environmental impacts. The system of S2B4 intercropping with reduced-n rate may be the most sustainable and environmentally friendly cropping system.

关键词： sweet maize-soybean intercrop cropping system n fertilizer rate grain yield soil mineral n soil nzO emissions

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Fertilization and Catch Crop Strategies for Improving Tomato Production in north China

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Pedosphere 2015年第3期25卷 364-371页

作者： YUAn Hui-Min Martin BLACKWELL Clive RAHn CHEn Qing College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Rothamsted Research North WykeOkehampton EX20 2SB (UK) Warwick Crop Centre School of Life SciencesUniversity of Warwick

Overuse of fertilizers and the resultant pollution and eutrophication of surface and groundwater is a growing issue in China. Consequently, improved management strategies are needed to optimize crop production with reduced nutrient inputs. Conventional fertilization （CF）, reduced fertilization （RF）, and reduced fertilization with maize （Zea mays L.） as a summer catch crop （RF＋C） treatments were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 by quantifying tomato （Lycopersieon esculentum） fruit yield and soil nutrient balance in a greenhouse tomato double-cropping system. Fertilizer nitrogen （n） application was reduced by 37% in the RF and RF＋C treatments compared to the CF treatment with no significant reduction in fruit yield. Mean soil mineral n （nmin） content to a depth of 180 cm following tomato and maize harvest was lower in the RF and RF＋C treatments than in the CF treatment. Residual soil nmin content was reduced by 21% and 55% in the RF and RF＋C treatments, respectively, compared to the CF treatment. Surplus phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） contents in the RFWC treatment were significantly lower than those in the RF treatment, mainly due to additional P and K uptake by the catch crop. We concluded that for intensive greenhouse production systems, the RF and RF＋C treatments could maintain tomato fruit yield, reduce the potential for nitrate （nO3^--n） leaching, and with a catch crop, provide additional benefits through increased biomass production.

关键词： maize nutrient surplus nutrient uptake reduced fertilization soil mineral n soil nutrient balance

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Combined Applications of nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers with Manure Increase Maize Yield and nutrient Uptake via Stimulating Root Growth in a Long-Term Experiment

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Pedosphere 2016年第1期26卷 62-73页

作者： WEn Zhihui SHEn Jianbo Martin BLACKWELL LI Haigang ZHAO Bingqiang YUAn Huimin College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Rothamsted Research North Wyke Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning China Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Imbalanced application of nitrogen(n) and phosphorus(P) fertilizers can result in reduced crop yield,low nutrient use efficiency,and high loss of nutrients and soil nitrate nitrogen(nO_3^--n) accumulation decreases when n is applied with P and/or manure;however,the effect of applications of n with P and/or manure on root growth and distribution in the soil profile is not fully *** aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of different n and P fertilizer application rates with or without manure on maize(Zea mays L.) yield,n uptake,root growth,apparent n surplus,Olsen-P concentration,and mineral n(n_(min)) accumulation in a fluvo-aquic calcareous soil from a long-term(28-year) *** experiment comprised twelve combinations of chemical n and P fertilizers,either with or without chicken manure,as treatments in four *** yield of maize grain was 82%higher,the n uptake 100%higher,and the n_(min) accumulation 39%lower in the treatments with combined n and P in comparison to n fertilizer *** maize root length density in the 30-60 cm layer was three times greater in the treatments with n and P fertilizers than with n fertilizer *** addition increased maize yield by 50%and n uptake by 43%,and reduced n_(min)(mostly nO_3^--n) accumulation in the soil by 46%.The long-term application of manure and P fertilizer resulted in significant increases in soil Olsen-P concentration when no n fertilizer was *** application reduced the apparent n surplus for all *** results suggest that combined n and P fertilizer applications could enhance maize grain yield and nutrient uptake via stimulating root growth,leading to reduced accumulation of potentially leachable nO_3^--n in soil,and manure application was a practical way to improve degraded soils in China and the rest of the world.

关键词： apparent n surplus degraded soils chemical fertilizers nitrate nitrogen root length density soil mineral n soil Olson-P

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Effect of n Fertilization on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat and Apparent n Losses

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Pedosphere 2006年第6期16卷 806-812页

作者： CUI Zhen-Ling CHEn Xin-Ping LI Jun-Liang XU Jiu-Fei SHI Li-Wei ZHAnG Fu-Suo College of Resources and Environmental Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 （China） Department of Agronomy Laiyang Agricultural College Laiyang 265200 （China）

Excessive nitrogen (n) fertilizer application to winter wheat is a common problem on the north China Plain. To determine the optimum fertilizer n rate for winter wheat production while minimizing n losses, field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons at eight sites, in Huimin County, Shandong Province, from 2001 to 2003. The optimum n rate for maximum grain yield was inversely related to the initial soil mineral n content (nmin) in the top 90 cm of the soil profile before sowing. There was no yield response to the applied n at the three sites with high initial soil mineral n levels (average 212 kg n ha-1). The average optimum n rate was 96 kg n ha-1 for the five sites with low initial soil nmin (average 155 kg n ha-1) before sowing. Residual nitrate n in the top 90 cm of the soil profile after harvest increased with increasing fertilizer n application rate. The apparent n losses during the wheat-growing season also increased with increasing n application rate. The average apparent n losses with the optimum n rates were less than 15 kg n ha-1, whereas the farmers' conventional n application rate resulted in losses of more than 100 kg n ha-1. Therefore, optimizing n use for winter wheat considerably reduced n losses to the environment without compromising crop yields.

关键词： apparent n losses,optimum n rate residual soil nitrate n soil mineral n winter wheat yield

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