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Effects of soil biodiversity on Plant Health:A Review

Asian Agricultural Research 2022年第9期14卷 35-40,43页

作者： Xue FU Yongwei FU Min TU Xia ZENG Hongji ZHANG College of Plant Protection Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101China College of Ecology and Environment Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China

soil is the most biologically abundant ecosystem on the *** biodiversity has significant impact on maintaining soil ecological balance and agricultural production,especially on healthy growth and disease control of ***,it is of great significance to study soil *** paper reviewed the role of soil biodiversity in plant *** of all,the history of soil biodiversity was ***,the composition of soil biodiversity was introduced,and the role of soil biodiversity in regulating the quantity and species of soil organisms,maintaining the balance and stability of soil system,participating in nutrient circulation and energy flow,and promoting plant health were discussed based on the interactions among microbial diversity,fauna diversity and plant ***,combined with the background of advocating the protection of soil biodiversity in the great time,the potential factors threatening soil biodiversity were analyzed.

关键词： soil biodiversity Plant health soil-borne disease Prevention and control soil ecological environment

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Contribution of Good Agricultural Practices to soil biodiversity

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第1期11卷 75-85页

作者： Beata Houšková Rastislav Bušo Jarmila Makovníková National Agricultural and Food Centre/soil Science and Conservation Research Institute Bratislava Slovakia National Agricultural and Food Centre/VÚ RV Pie&#353 ť any Slovakia National Agricultural and Food Centre/soil Science and Conservation Research Institute Banská Bystrica Slovakia

At present time when climate change has negative effect on soil moisture and can decrease significantly the productivity, good agricultural practises have a high importance via their direct influence on soil properties, regimes and biodiversity. Objectives of this study have been focused on the assessment of good agricultural practises in different soil cultivation types: conventional, minimum till, mulch, no-till and organic farming. Method used was based on two case study areas where organic and/or minimal farming systems have been applied. As a control, we chose soil with traditional cultivation. In organic farm, we evaluated earthworms;their amount and status and in farm with different types of cultivation we evaluated the microbial activity to assess the biodiversity conditions. Basic soil properties and soil structure have been set to be able to assess the influence of good agricultural practises on soil environment. Our study shows positive effect of these practises on soil moisture content, biodiversity and soil structure stability. These findings can be used for further studies determining the ways of soil cultivation in harmony with nature—in sustainable way.

关键词： Good Agricultural Practices soil biodiversity Earthworms Microorganisms soil Enzymes Organic Farm soil Moisture

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Green manuring relocates microbiomes in driving the soil functionality of nitrogen cycling to obtain preferable grain yields in thirty years

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 596-610页

作者： Guopeng Zhou Kunkun Fan Songjuan Gao Danna Chang Guilong Li Ting Liang Hai Liang Shun Li Jiudong Zhang Zongxian Che Weidong Cao State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institute of soil&Fertilizer and Resource&Environment Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchang 330200China Institute of soil and Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture Gansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730070China

Fertilizers are widely used to produce more food, inevitably altering the diversity and composition of soil organisms. The role of soil biodiversity in controlling multiple ecosystem services remains unclear, especially after decades of fertilization. Here, we assess the contribution of the soil functionalities of carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P) cycling to crop production and explore how soil organisms control these functionalities in a 33-year field fertilization experiment. The long-term application of green manure or cow manure produced wheat yields equivalent to those obtained with chemical N, with the former providing higher soil functions and allowing the functionality of N cycling(especially soil N mineralization and biological N fixation) to control wheat production. The keystone phylotypes within the global network rather than the overall microbial community dominated the soil multifunctionality and functionality of C,N, and P cycling across the soil profile(0–100 cm). We further confirmed that these keystone phylotypes consisted of many metabolic pathways of nutrient cycling and essential microbes involved in organic C mineralization, N_(2)O release, and biological N fixation. The chemical N, green manure, and cow manure resulted in the highest abundances of amoB, nifH, and GH48 genes and Nitrosomonadaceae,Azospirillaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae within the keystone phylotypes, and these microbes were significantly and positively correlated with N_(2)O release, N fixation, and organic C mineralization, respectively. Moreover, our results demonstrated that organic fertilization increased the effects of the network size and keystone phylotypes on the subsoil functions by facilitating the migration of soil microorganisms across the soil profiles and green manure with the highest migration rates. This study highlights the importance of the functionality of N cycling in controlling crop production and keystone phylotypes in regulating soil functions, an

关键词： soil biodiversity soil multifunctionality element cycling keystone phylotypes

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soil protists: An untapped microbial resource of agriculture and environmental importance

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Pedosphere 2022年第1期32卷 184-197页

作者： Komal A.CHANDARANA Natarajan AMARESAN C.G.Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology Uka Tarsadia UniversityMaliba CampusBardoliSurat 394350India

Protists are essential components of soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. They play a vital role in the microbial food web as consumers of bacteria, fungi, and other small eukaryotes and are also involved in maintaining soil fertility and plant productivity. Protists also contribute to regulating and shaping the bacterial community in terrestrial ecosystems via specific prey spectra. They play a role in plant growth promotion and plant health improvement,mostly via nutrient cycling, grazing, and the activation of bacterial genes required for plant growth and phytopathogen suppression. Thus, protists may prove to be a useful inoculant as biofertilizer and biocontrol agent. They can also be applied as model organisms as bioindicators of soil health. Despite their usefulness and essentiality, they are often forgotten and under-researched components of the soil microbiome, as most of our research focuses on bacteria and fungi. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of protists in plant productivity and plant health management and in shifts in soil bacterial community composition, as well as their roles as bioindicator. We also discuss the perspectives of knowledge gaps and future prospects to further improve soil *** research in soil protistology will provide insights into sustainable agriculture and environmental health alongside the study of bacteria and fungi.

关键词： bacterial community bioindicator microbial food web plant health plant productivity soil biodiversity soil health soil microbiome

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Effect of grassland degradation on soil quality and soil biotic community in a semi-arid temperate steppe

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 749-759页

作者： Xu Han Yuhui Li Xiaofang Du Yingbin Li Zhengwen Wang Siwei Jiang Qi Li Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Grasslands provide a number of ecosystem services for human *** of grasslands results in the loss of biodiversity and leads to the deterioration of ecosystem *** order to accurately assess the influence of grassland degradation on belowground ecosystems,we conducted experiments on a temperate steppe with different levels of degradation and investigated the influence of degradation on soil quality and soil biotic *** results showed that grassland degradation significantly decreased soil quality,with lower values of soil quality index(SQI)observed in the degraded grassland than the meadow steppe and the grassland from the forest-steppe *** in the SQI along the grassland degradation gradient were positively correlated with soil carbon stock and the aboveground biomass,and negatively correlated with the root shoot *** trophic diversity and the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFA were lower in the degraded grassland than the grassland from the forest-steppe *** dissimilarities in soil microbial and nematode community composition increased with the changes in soil quality *** results indicate that soil quality index based on the minimum data sets could effectively assess the influence of grassland degradation on soil biodiversity and ecosystem *** order to effectively restore degraded grasslands,the key contributors to the soil quality,such as soil carbon,should be taken on priority basis for revitalizing the soil biodiversity and ecosystem function.

关键词： soil quality soil biodiversity Grassland degradation soil nematode community

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Bacterial diversity and community composition changes in paddy soils that have different parent materials and fertility levels

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第10期20卷 2797-2806页

作者： MA Xin-ling LIU Jia CHEN Xiao-fen LI Wei-tao JIANG Chun-yu WU Meng LIU Ming LI Zhong-pei State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049P.R.China soil and Fertilizer&Resources and Environment Institute Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchang 330200P.R.China CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303P.R.China

Parent materials and the fertility levels of paddy soils are highly variable in subtropical *** diversity and community composition play pivotal roles in soil ecosystem processes and ***,the effects of parent material and fertility on bacterial diversity and community composition in paddy soils are *** key soil factors driving the changes in bacterial diversity,community composition,and the specific bacterial species in soils that are derived from different parent materials and have differing fertility levels are *** samples were collected from paddy fields in two areas with different parent materials(quaternary red clay or tertiary sandstone)and two levels of fertility(high or low).The variations in bacterial diversity indices and communities were evaluated by 454 pyrosequencing which targeted the V4–V5 region of the 16S rRNA *** effects of parent material and fertility on bacterial diversity and community composition were clarified by a two-way ANOVA and a two-way PERMANOVA.A principal coordinate analysis(PCoA),a redundancy analysis(RDA),and multivariate regression trees(MRT)were used to assess changes in the studied variables and identify the factors affecting bacterial community ***-occurrence network analysis was performed to find correlations between bacterial genera and specific soil properties,and a statistical analysis of metagenomic profiles(STAMP)was used to determine bacterial genus abundance differences between the soil *** contributions made by parent material and soil fertility to changes in the bacterial diversity indices were comparable,but soil fertility accounted for a larger part of the shift in bacterial community composition than the parent *** properties,especially soil texture,were strongly associated with bacterial *** RDA showed that soil organic carbon(SOC)was the primary factor influencing bacterial community composition.A key threshold for SOC(25.5 g k

关键词： microorganisms soil biodiversity soil fertility soil texture soil nutrients

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