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Impact of Initial soil Conditions on soil Hydrothermal and Surface Energy Fluxes in the Permafrost Region of the Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 717-736页

作者： Siqiong LUO Zihang CHEN Jingyuan WANG Tonghua WU Yao XIAO Yongping QIAO Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric ScienceNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Accurate initial soil conditions play a crucial role in simulating soil hydrothermal and surface energy fluxes in land surface process modeling.This study emphasized the influence of the initial soil temperature(ST)and soil moisture(SM)conditions on a land surface energy and water simulation in the permafrost region in the Tibetan Plateau(TP)using the Community Land Model version 5.0(CLM5.0).The results indicate that the default initial schemes for ST and SM in CLM5.0 were simplistic,and inaccurately represented the soil characteristics of permafrost in the TP which led to underestimating ST during the freezing period while overestimating ST and underestimating SLW during the thawing period at the XDT site.Applying the long-term spin-up method to obtain initial soil conditions has only led to limited improvement in simulating soil hydrothermal and surface energy fluxes.The modified initial soil schemes proposed in this study comprehensively incorporate the characteristics of permafrost,which coexists with soil liquid water(SLW),and soil ice(SI)when the ST is below freezing temperature,effectively enhancing the accuracy of the simulated soil hydrothermal and surface energy fluxes.Consequently,the modified initial soil schemes greatly improved upon the results achieved through the long-term spin-up method.Three modified initial soil schemes experiments resulted in a 64%,88%,and 77%reduction in the average mean bias error(MBE)of ST,and a 13%,21%,and 19%reduction in the average root-mean-square error(RMSE)of SLW compared to the default simulation results.Also,the average MBE of net radiation was reduced by 7%,22%,and 21%.

关键词： initial soil conditions soil temperature soil liquid water soil ice surface energy fluxes permafrost

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Predicting and delineating soil temperature regimes of China using pedotransfer function

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农业科学学报:英文版 2023年第9期22卷 2882-2892页

作者： BAO Wan-kui LEI Qiu-liang JIANG Zhuo-dong SUN Fu-jun ZHANG Tian-peng HU Ning WANG Qiu-bing College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866P.R.China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 10081P.R.China School of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou UniversityHezhou 542899P.R.China

soil temperature regime(STR)is important for soil classification and land use.Generally,STR is delineated by estimating the mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 50 cm(MAST50)according to the Chinese soil Taxonomy(CST).However,delineating the STR of China remains a challenge due to the difficulties in accurately estimating MAST50.The objectives of this study were to explore environmental factors that influence the spatial variation of MAST50 and generate an STR map for China.soil temperature measurements at 40 and 80 cm depth were collected from 386 National Meteorological Stations in China during 1971–2000.The MAST50 was calculated as the average mean annual soil temperature(MAST)from 1971–2000 between 40 and 80 cm depths.In addition,2048 mean annual air temperature(MAAT)measurements from 1971 to 2000 were collected from the National Meteorological Stations across China.A zonal pedotransfer function(PTF)was developed based on the ensemble linear regression kriging model to predict the MAST50 in three topographic steps of China.The results showed that MAAT was the most important variable related to the variation of MAST50.The zonal PTF was evaluated with a 10%validation dataset with a mean absolute error(MAE)of 0.66°C and root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.78°C,which were smaller than the unified model with MAE of 0.83°C and RMSE of 0.96°C,respectively.This study demonstrated that the zonal PTF helped improve the accuracy of the predicted MAST50 map.Based on the prediction results,an STR map across China was generated to provide a consistent scientific base for the improvement and application of CST and land use support.

关键词： soil temperature soil temperature regimes soil Taxonomy pedotransfer function

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Influence of mulch and poultry manure application on soil temperature,evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of dry season cultivated okra

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 382-392页

作者： Mutiu Abolanle Busarit Ganiyu Olawale Bankole Idris Adebanjo Adiamo Rasaq Olayiwola Abiodun Olanrewaju Hammed Ologunde Department of soil Science and Land Management Federal University of AgricultureAbeokutaPM.B2240AbeokutaNigeria

Sustainable vegetable production especially during the dry season requires adequate conservation of soil water.This study was conducted to evaluate the sole and interactive effects of mulching(M)and poultry manure(PM)application on soil temperature(ST),crop evapotranspiration(ETc)and water use efficiency(WUE)of okra.The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)with three replicates.The treatments were M at 0 and 6t ha^(-1)and PM at 0,10 and 20t ha^(-1).soil temperature was measured using digital thermometer while ETc was determined by water depletion method using a Time Domain Reflectometer.Irrigation at field capacity was applied manually at 2-day intervals.Independent appli-cation of mulch significantly lowered ST while joint application of 20t ha^(-1)PM(PM20)and M signifi-cantly(p≤0.05)reduced ST at 5 cm and 10 cm soil depth compared with the unmulched plots in both seasons.Application of 10t ha^(-1)PM(PM10)without M recorded the highest ETc(43.7 mm),while joint application of PM20 and M reduced ETc by about 93%compared with PM10 only.Okra used water most efficiently when PM20 was applied under mulched plot.There was 62.2%increase in WUE under mulched plots compared with the control while the residual effect of PM10 and M significantly increased WUE by 65.5%.It was evident that M alongside application of PM is a good strategy for regulating ST,moderating ETc and increasing okra WUE,especially during dry season farming.

关键词： Evapotranspiration soil temperature Volumetric water content Water depletion method Water use efficiency

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Seasonal variations in temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in a larch forest in the Northern Daxing’an Mountains in Northeast China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 1061-1070页

作者： Lin Yang Qiuliang Zhang Zhongtao Ma Huijun Jin Xiaoli Chang Sergey S.Marchenko Valentin V.Spektor College of Forestry and Da Xing’anling Forest Ecosystem Research Station of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010019People’s Republic of China Research-Station of Permafrost Geo-Environment Ministry of EducationInstitute of Cold Regions Science and Engineering and School of Civil EngineeringNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Frozen soils Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000People’s Republic of China Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAK99775USA Laboratory of General Geocryology Melnikov Permafrost InstituteSiberia BranchRussian Academy of SciencesYakutskRussia677010

temperature sensitivity of respiration of forest soils is important for its responses to climate warming and for the accurate assessment of soil carbon budget. The sensitivity of temperature (T_(i)) to soil respiration rate (R_(s)), and Q_(10) defined by e^(10(lnRs−lna)/Ti) has been used extensively for indicating the sensitivity of soil respiration. The soil respiration under a larch (Larix gmelinii) forest in the northern Daxing’an Mountains, Northeast China was observed in situ from April to September, 2019 using the dynamic chamber method. Air temperatures (T_(air)), soil surface temperatures (T_(0cm)), soil temperatures at depths of 5 and 10 cm (T_(5cm) and T_(10cm), respectively), and soil-surface water vapor concentrations were monitored at the same time. The results show a significant monthly variability in soil respiration rate in the growing season (April–September). The Q_(10) at the surface and at depths of 5 and 10 cm was estimated at 5.6, 6.3, and 7.2, respectively. The Q_(10@10 cm) over the period of surface soil thawing (Q_(10@10 cm, thaw) = 36.89) were significantly higher than that of the growing season (Q_(10@10 cm, growth )= 3.82). Furthermore, the Rs in the early stage of near-surface soil thawing and in the middle of the growing season is more sensitive to changes in soil temperatures. soil temperature is thus the dominant factor for season variations in soil respiration, but rainfall is the main controller for short-term fluctuations in respiration. Thus, the higher sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature (Q_(10)) is found in the middle part of the growing season. The monthly and seasonal Q_(10) values better reflect the responsiveness of soil respiration to changes in hydrometeorology and ground freeze-thaw processes. This study may help assess the stability of the soil carbon pool and strength of carbon fluxes in the larch forested permafrost regions in the northern Daxing’an Mountains.

关键词： soil respiration Dynamic chamber method Ground thawing Major growth period soil temperature

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soil temperature estimation at different depths,using remotely-sensed data

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 277-290页

作者： HUANG Ran HUANG Jian-xi ZHANG Chao MA Hong-yuan ZHUO Wen CHEN Ying-yi ZHU De-hai Qingling WU Lamin R.MANSARAY College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-hazardsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land QualityMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100083P.R.China College of Information&Electrical Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083P.R.China Department of Geography University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Department of Agro-meteorology and Geo-informatics Magbosi LandWater and Environment Research Centre(MLWERC)Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute(SLARI)Freetown PMB 1313Sierra Leone

soil temperatures at different depths down the soil profile are important agro-meteorological indicators which are necessary for ecological modeling and precision agricultural activities. In this paper, using time series of soil temperature(ST) measured at different depths(0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 cm) at agro-meteorological stations in northern China as reference data, ST was estimated from land surface temperature(LST) and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) derived from AQUA/TERRA MODIS data, and solar declination(Ds) in univariate and multivariate linear regression models. Results showed that when daytime LST is used as predictor, the coefficient of determination(R^2) values decrease from the 0 cm layer to the 40 cm layer. Additionally, with the use of nighttime LST as predictor, the R^2 values were relatively higher at 5, 10 and 15 cm depths than those at 0, 20 and 40 cm depths. It is further observed that the multiple linear regression models for soil temperature estimation outperform the univariate linear regression models based on the root mean squared errors(RMSEs) and R^2. These results have demonstrated the potential of MODIS data in tandem with the Ds parameter for soil temperature estimation at the upper layers of the soil profile where plant roots grow in. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at the synergistic use of LST, NDVI and Ds for soil temperature estimation at different depths of the upper layers of the soil profile, representing a significant contribution to soil remote sensing.

关键词： soil temperature land surface temperature normalized difference vegetation index solar declination

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soil CO_2 flux in relation to dissolved organic carbon,soil temperature and moisture in a subtropical arable soil of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第5期15卷 715-720页

作者： LOUYun-sheng LIZhong-pei ZHANGTao-lin CollegeofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentalSciences NanjingAgriculturalUniversityNanjing210095China InstituteofsoilScience ChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008China

soil CO 2 emission from an arable soil was measured by closed chamber method to quantify year round soil flux and to develop an equation to predict flux using soil temperature, dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and soil moisture content. soil CO 2 flux, soil temperature, DOC and soil moisture content were determined on selected days during the experiment from August 1999 to July 2000, at the Ecological Station of Red soil, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in a subtropical region of China. soil CO 2 fluxes were generally higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring, and had a seasonal pattern more similar to soil temperature and DOC than soil moisture. The estimation was 2 23 kgCO 2/(m 2·a) for average annual soil CO 2 flux. Regressed separately, the reasons for soil flux variability were 86 6% from soil temperature, 58 8% from DOC, and 26 3% from soil moisture, respectively. Regressed jointly, a multiple equation was developed by the above three variables that explained approximately 85 2% of the flux variance, however by stepwise regression, soil temperature was the dominant affecting soil flux. Based on the exponential equation developed from soil temperature, the predicted annual flux was 2 49 kgCO 2/(m 2·a), and essentially equal to the measured one. It is suggested the exponential relationship between soil flux and soil temperature could be used for accurately predicting soil CO 2 flux from arable soil in subtropical regions of China.

关键词： soil CO 2 flux soil temperature DOC soil moisture arable soil

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Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence and nitrogen level of Leymus chinensis seedling to changes of soil moisture and temperature

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第4期16卷 666-669页

作者： XUZhen-zhu ZHOUGuang-sheng LIHui LaboratoryofQuantitativeVegetationEcology InstituteofBotanyChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100093China

Controlled experiment of Leymus chinensis seedlings grown in the environmental growth chambers at 3 soil moisture levels and 3 temperature levels was conducted in order to improve the understanding how leaf photosynthetic parameters will respond to climatic change. The results indicated that soil drought and high temperature decreased the photochemical efficiency of photosystem(F v/F m), the overall photochemical quantum yield of PSII(yield), the coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching(q\-P), but increased the coefficient of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching(q\-N). Severe soil drought would decrease F v/F m and yield by 3.12% and 37.04% under 26℃ condition, respectively, and 6.60% and 73.33% under 32℃ condition, respectively, suggesting that higher temperature may enhance the negative effects of soil drought. All the soil drought treatments resulted in the decline in leaf nitrogen content. There was no significant effect of temperature on leaf nitrogen level, but higher temperature significantly reduced the root nitrogen content and the ratio of root nitrogen to leaf nitrogen, indicating the different strategies of adaptation to soil drought and temperature. It was also implied that higher temperature would enhance the effect of soil drought on leaf photosynthetic capacity, decrease the adaptability of Leymus chinensis to drought.

关键词： chlorophyll fluorescence nitrogen level Leymus chinensis soil moisture soil temperature

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Interrelationship of soil moisture and temperature to sylvatic plague cycle among prairie dogs in the Western United States

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 852-867页

作者： Cassandra D.PAULING Deborah L.FINKE Deborah M.ANDERSON Department of Veterinary Pathobiology University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA Division of Plant Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA

Plague,caused by Yersinia pestis,is a flea-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the world due to its successful maintenance in a sylvatic cycle,mainly in areas with temperate climates.Burrowing rodents are thought to play a key role in the enzootic maintenance as well as epizootic outbreaks of plague.In the United States,prairie dogs(Cynomys),rodents(Muridae),and ground squirrels(Spermophilus)are susceptible to infection and are parasitized by fleas that transmit plague.In particular,prairie dogs can experience outbreaks that rapidly spread,which can lead to extirpation of colonies.A number of ecological parameters,including climate,are associated with these epizootics.In this study,we asked whether soil parameters,primarily moisture and temperature,are associated with outbreaks of plague in black-tailed prairie dogs and Gunnison’s prairie dogs in the Western United States,and at what depth these associations were apparent.We collected publicly available county-level information on the occurrence of population declines or colony extirpation,while historical soil data was collected from SCAN and USCRN stations in counties and states where prairie dogs have been located.The analysis suggests that soil moisture at lower depths correlates with colony die-offs,in addition to temperature near the surface,with key differences within the landscape ecology that impact the occurrence of plague.Overall,the model suggests that the burrow environment may play a significant role in the epizootic spread of disease amongst black-tailed and Gunnison’s prairie dogs.

关键词： plague prairie dogs soil moisture soil temperature sylvatic cycle Yersinia pestis

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Understanding the soil temperature Variability at Different Depths:Effects of Surface Air temperature,Snow Cover,and the soil Memory

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第3期38卷 493-503页

作者： Haoxin ZHANG Naiming YUAN Zhuguo MA Yu HUANG Key Laboratory of Regional−Climate Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratory for Climate and Ocean−Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

The soil temperature(ST)is closely related to the surface air temperature(AT),but their coupling may be affected by other factors.In this study,significant effects of the AT on the underlying ST were found,and the time taken to propagate downward to 320 cm can be up to 10 months.Besides the AT,the ST is also affected by memory effects-namely,its prior thermal conditions.At deeper depth(i.e.,320 cm),the effects of the AT from a particular season may be exceeded by the soil memory effects from the last season.At shallower layers(i.e.,<80 cm),the effects of the AT may be blocked by the snow cover,resulting in a poorly synchronous correlation between the AT and the ST.In northeastern China,this snow cover blockage mainly occurs in winter and then vanishes in the subsequent spring.Due to the thermal insulation effect of the snow cover,the winter ST at layers above 80 cm in northeastern China were found to continue to increase even during the recent global warming hiatus period.These findings may be instructive for better understanding ST variations,as well as land−atmosphere interactions.

关键词： soil temperature surface air temperature soil memory snow cover nonlinear causality analysis

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Alternate row mulching optimizes soil temperature and water conditions and improves wheat yield in dryland farming

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第11期17卷 2558-2569页

作者： YAN Qiu-yan DONG Fei LOU Ge YANG Feng LU Jin-xiu LI Feng ZHANG Jian-cheng LI Jun-hui DUAN Zeng-qiang Institute of Wheat Research Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia University Department of Earth System Science University of California State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Straw mulching allows for effective water storage in dryland wheat production. Finding a suitable straw mulching model that facilitates wheat growth was the objective of this study. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two straw mulching patterns （FM, full coverage within all the rows; HM, half coverage within alternate rows） and two mulching rates （4.5 and 9.0 t ha^-1） on soil moisture, soil temperature, grain yield, and water use efficiency （WUE） of winter wheat in northern China, with no mulching （M0） as the control. Results showed that mulching increased the soil water storage in all growth stages under high mulching rates, with a stronger effect in later growth stages. Water storage under the HM model was greater in later stages than under the FM model. soil water content of HM groups was higher than that of FM groups, especially in surface soil layers. Evapotranspiration decreased in mulched groups and was higher under high mulching rates. Aboveground biomass during each growth stage under the HM model was higher than that under M0 and FM models with the same mulched rate, leading to a relatively higher grain yield under the HM model. Mulching increased WUE, a trend that was more obvious under HM9.0 treatment. Warming effect of soil temperature under the HM pattern persisted longer than under the FM model with the same mulching rates. Accumulated soil temperature under mulched treatments increased, and the period of negative soil temperature decreased by 9-12 days under FM and by 10-20 days under HM. Thus, the HM pattern with 9.0 t ha^-1 mulching rate is beneficial for both soil temperature and water content management and can contribute to high yields and high WUE for wheat production in China.

关键词： mulching pattern winter wheat soil temperature grain yield water use efficiency

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