检索结果-南通市图书馆

Improving the Equity and Sustainability of the social protection System

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

China Economist 2011年第2期6卷 40-50页

作者：朱玲 Professor and Deputy Director Institute of Economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

The segmentation of the social protection system in China renders the system not only inequitable but *** employed in the public sector,particularly civil servants,are＂overprotected＂,while workers in the non-public sector,especially farmers and rural migrant workers,are＂under-protected＂.The segmented pension system impedes labor mobility while increasing administrative *** aimed at developing the new rural cooperative medical system and new rural old-age insurance scheme,as well as policies aimed at encouraging migrant workers to participate in urban social insurance programs,help improve the equity of social ***,competition between different local governments to win the ＂welfae crown＂ and the heavy brden placed on local finance caused by welface overspending has been hurting the sustainability of social protection *** following measures are suggested to address these problems;First,cease using social insurance coverage as an indicator of work performance for government officials;second,enhance the responsibility of the central government in social expenditure while increasing public transfers to less-developed regions in order to improve social assistance and merit goods provision;third,integrate or reorganized various sgements into one entity under each insurance program,with the purpose of eventually eliminating the segmentation problem in China＇s social protection system.

关键词： social protection equity sustainability poverty reduction

Can social protection Build State Legitimacy？ Perspectives from Post War Sri Lanka

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Relations and Diplomacy 2016年第11期4卷 703-717页

作者： Nayana Godamunne Centre for Poverty Analysis Colombo Sri Lanka

The link between social protection provision and state legitimacy, particularly in post war contexts, has been suggested theoretically （Babajanian, 2012）. However, there is little empirical evidence to support this view. Sri Lanka＇s long history in social welfare provision and the post war context provides an opportunity to explore this relationship. This study was conceptualized to address the dearth of empirical knowledge on the social protectiotr--state legitimacy relationship by hypothesizing that war affected people＇s experiences of accessing and using state social protection programs can contribute to building state legitimacy in a post-war context. Fisher communities in Trincomalee, Jaff^a and Marmar districts were the sample sites to explore ethnic and geographic variations in people＇s experiences of social protection program delivery. The exploratory study used qualitative methodologies to understand how the state delivers and how citizens access and use programs and in what ways these experiences shape people＇s perceptions of the state. Given the complexities of making the causal link between program experience and legitimacy, the study used an analytical framework that explored the relationship based on symbolic values, which underpin both program delivery and experience. Whilst the study provides insights on how citizens perceptions of the state are shaped by every day encounters with the state through access and use of social protection programs, it also highlights the nuances in the link as not only what benefits are delivered, but how programs are delivered is an important component of program experience which shapes people＇s perceptions of the state.

关键词： social protection state legitimacy state-society relations Sri Lanka

Rural Labor Migration and Poverty Reduction in China

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

China & World Economy 2017年第6期25卷 45-64页

作者： Peng Jia Yang Du Meiyan Wang Institute of Population and Labor Economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences China

Using various sources of data, this paper examines the contributions of rural labor migration to economic growth and poverty reduction in China. The results show that there is still a significant number of people living in poverty in rural areas, while the effectiveness of migration on poverty reduction has declined, implying an urgent need for new approaches to poverty reduction. China＇s experiences could also be valuable for the formulation of development strategies in other developing countries.

关键词： poverty reduction rural labor migration social protection

Fast and Accurate Detection of Masked Faces Using CNNs and LBPs

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第12期47卷 2939-2952页

作者： Sarah M.Alhammad Doaa Sami Khafaga Aya Y.Hamed Osama El-Koumy Ehab R.Mohamed Khalid M.Hosny Department of Computer Sciences College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Sinai UniversityArishNorth SinaiEgypt Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computers and InformaticsZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt

Face mask detection has several applications,including real-time surveillance,biometrics,*** face masks is also helpful for crowd control and ensuring people wear them *** monitoring personnel,it is impossible to ensure that people wear face masks;automated systems are a much superior option for face mask detection and *** paper introduces a simple and efficient approach for masked face *** architecture of the proposed approach is very straightforward;it combines deep learning and local binary patterns to extract features and classify themasmasked or *** proposed systemrequires hardware withminimal power consumption compared to state-of-the-art deep learning *** proposed system maintains two *** first,this work extracted the local features of an image by using a local binary pattern descriptor,and then we used deep learning to extract global *** proposed approach has achieved excellent accuracy and high *** performance of the proposed method was tested on three benchmark datasets:the realworld masked faces dataset(RMFD),the simulated masked faces dataset(SMFD),and labeled faces in the wild(LFW).Performancemetrics for the proposed technique weremeasured in terms of accuracy,precision,recall,and *** indicated the efficiency of the proposed technique,providing accuracies of 99.86%,99.98%,and 100%for RMFD,SMFD,and LFW,***,the proposed method outperformed state-of-the-art deep learning methods in the recent bibliography for the same problem under study and on the same evaluation datasets.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks face mask detection local binary patterns deep learning computer vision social protection Keras OpenCV TensorFlow Viola-Jones

Determinants of household catastrophic costs for drug sensitive tuberculosis patients in Kenya

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第4期10卷 18-32页

作者： Beatrice Kirubi Jane Ong'angto Peter Nguhiu Knut Lonnroth Aiban Rono Kristi Sidney-Annerstedt Department of Global Public Health Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and social Medicine StockholmSweden The Health and social protection Action Research&Knowledge Sharing Network(SPARKS) StockholmSweden Centre for Respiratory Disease Research Kenya Medical Research InstituteNairobiKenya Health Economics Research Unit KEMRI-WellcomeTrust Research ProgramNairobiKenya Monitoring Evaluation&ResearchNational TuberculosisLeprosy and Lung Disease ProgramMinistry of HealthNairobiKenya

Background::Despite free diagnosis and treatment for tuberculosis(TB),the costs during treatment impose a significant financial burden on patients and their *** study sought to identify the determinants for cata-strophic costs among patients with drug-sensitive TB(DSTB)and their households in ***::The data was collected during the 2017 Kenya national patient cost survey from a nationally representative sample(n=1071).Treatment related costs and productivity losses were *** costs exceeding 20%of household income were defined as catastrophic and used as the *** Poisson regression analysis was performed to measure the association between selected individual,household and disease characteristics and occurrence of catastrophic costs.A deterministic sensitivity analysis was carried using different thresholds and the significant predictors were ***::The proportion of catastrophic costs among DSTB patients was 27%(n=294).Patients with catastrophic costs had higher median productivity losses,39 h[interquartile range(IQR):20-104],and total median costs of USD 567(IQR:299-1144).The incidence of catastrophic costs had a dose response with household *** poorest quintile was 6.2 times[95%confidence intervals(CI):4.0-9.7]more likely to incur catastrophic costs compared to the *** prevalence of catastrophic costs decreased with increasing household expenditure quintiles(proportion of catastrophic costs:59.7%,32.9%,23.6%,15.9%,and 9.5%)from the lowest quintile(Q1)to the highest quintile(Q5).Other determinants included hospitalization:prevalence ratio(PR)=2.8(95%CI:1.8-4.5)and delayed treatment:PR=1.5(95%CI:1.3-1.7).Protective factors included receiving care at a public health facility:PR=0.8(95%CI:0.6-1.0),and a higher body mass index(BMI):PR=0.97(95%CI:0.96-0.98).Pre TB expenditure,hospitalization and BMI were significant predictors in all sensitivity analysis ***::There are signif

关键词： Tuberculosis Health expenditure Income loss social protection Kenya

Effect of financial support on reducing the incidence of catastrophic costs among tuberculosis-affected households in Indonesia:eight simulated scenarios

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第1期8卷 100-100页

作者： Ahmad Fuady Tanja A.J.Houweling Muchtaruddin Mansyur Erlina Burhan Jan Hendrik Richardus Departm ent of Public Health Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre RotterdamP.O.Box 20403000CARotterdamthe Netherlands Department of Community Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversitas IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia 不详

Background:The World Health Organization's End Tuberculosis Strategy states that no tuberculosis(TB)-affected households should endure catastrophic costs due to *** achieve this target,it is essential to provide adequate social *** only a few studies in many countries have evaluated social-protection programs to determine whether the target is being reached,we assessed the effect of financial support on reducing the incidence of catastrophic costs due to TB in ***:From July to Septem ber 2016,we interviewed adult patients receiving treatment for TB in 19 primary health centres in urban,sub-urban and rural area of Indonesia,and those receiving multidrug-resistant(MDR)TB treatment in an Indonesian national referral *** on the needs assessment,we developed eight scenarios for financial *** assessed the effect of each simulated scenario by measuring reductions in the incidence of catastrophic ***:We analysed data of 282 TB and 64 MDR-TB *** incidences of catastrophic costs in affected households were 36 and 83%,***'primary needs for social protection were financial support to cover costs related to income loss,transportation,and food *** optimum scenario,in which financial support would be provided for these three items,would reduce the respective incidences of catastrophic costs in TB and MDR-TB-affected households to 11 and 23%.The patients experiencing catastrophic costs in this scenario would,however,have to pay high rem aining costs(median of USD 910;[interquartile range(IQR)662]in the TB group,and USD 2613;[IQR 3442]in the MDR-TB group).Conclusions:Indonesia's current level of social protection is not sufficient to mitigate the socioeconom ic im pact of *** support for income loss,transportation costs,and food-supplem ent costs will substantially reduce the incidence of catastrophic costs,but financial support alone will not be sufficient to achieve the target of

关键词： Tuberculosis Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis Catastrophic cost social protection Financial support Cash transfer Indonesia

Inequity in catastrophic costs among tuberculosis-affected households in China

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第3期8卷 104-104页

作者： Cai-Hong Xu Kathiresan Jeyashree Hemant Deepak Shewade Yin-Yin Xia Li-Xia Wang Yan Liu Hui Zhang Li Wang National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100226China 不详 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China

Background:There are limited nationally representative studies globally in the post-2015 END tuberculosis(TB)era regarding wealth related inequity in the distribution of catastrophic costs due to TB *** the Chinese national tuberculosis programme setting,we aimed to assess extent of equity in distribution of total TB care costs(pre-treatment,treatment and overall)and costs as a proportion of annual household income(AHI),and describe and compare equity in distribution of catastrophic costs(pre-treatment,treatment and overall)across population ***:Analytical cross-seaional study using data from national TB patient cost survey carried out in 22 counties from six provinces in China in ***-susceptible pulmonary TB registered under programme,who had received at least 2 weeks of intensive phase therapy were *** was depiaed using concentration curves and concentration indices were compared using dominance ***:Of 1147 patients,the median cost of pre-treatment,treatment and overall care,were USD 283.5,USD 413.1 and USD 965.5,*** quintiles incurred significantly higher pre-treatment and treatment costs compared to poorer *** distribution of costs as a proportion of AHI and catastrophic costs were significantly pro-poor overall as well as during pre-treatment and treatment *** the concentration curves for catastrophic costs(due to pre-treatment,treatment and overall care)stratified by region(east,middle and west),area of residence(urban,rural)and type of insurance new rural co-operative medical system[NCMS],non-NCMSalso exhibited a pro-poor pattern with statistically significant(P<0.01)concentration *** pro-poor distribution of the catastrophic costs due to TB treatment was significantly more inequitable among rural,compared to urban patients,and NCMS compared to non-NCMS ***:There is inequity in the distribution of catastrophic costs due to TB *** health co

关键词： Catastrophic health expenditure tuberculosis Patient cost Universal health coverage social protection Equity

The Causes of Contagion： Rational or Irrational Behavior？

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2013年第11期9卷 1507-1518页

作者： Viorel Cratciuneanu Andreea Pardau Carmen Emilia Pascal Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies Bucure~ti Romania University of Pite~ti Pite~ti Romania Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies Bucuresti Romania

The threats concerning financial stability seriously affect the overall functioning of the economy at a local, regional, national, and continental level instead of a global level, and therefore, the emphasis is laid on analyzing the causes and effects of such threats. Financial crises in the current decade, as well as those in the past have shown that a major cause of instability in the global market is the so-called financial contagion. This leads to a natural question： whether similar authorities could specify and mitigate these shocks through efficient calculation followed by stability measures taken by banking networks. To answer this question, an empirical research was conducted by analyzing the degree of contagion induced by markets in Central and Eastern Europe, based on an econometric model, involving over 17 European countries, from January 2006 to January 2013.

关键词： financial crisis contagion social protection systemic risk

美好生活的社会保护水准：社会政策体系中基本生活需要标准的建构

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论