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Improvement of a snow albedo Parameterization in the snow–Atmosphere–Soil Transfer Model:Evaluation of Impacts of Aerosol on Seasonal snow Cover

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第11期34卷 1333-1345页

作者： efang zhong qian li shufen sun wen chen shangfeng chen debashis nath center for monsoon system research institute of atmospheric physicschinese academy of sciencesbeijing 100029china university of chinese academy of sciences beijing 100029china state key laboratory of numerical modeling for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics institute of atmospheric physicschinese academy of sciencesbeijing 100029china

The presence of light-absorbing aerosols （LAA） in snow profoundly influence the surface energy balance and water budget. However, most snow-process schemes in land-surface and climate models currently do not take this into consider- ation. To better represent the snow process and to evaluate the impacts of LAA on snow, this study presents an improved snow albedo parameterization in the snow-Atmosphere-Soil on snow. Specifically, the snow, Ice and Aerosol Radiation Transfer （SAST） model, which includes the impacts of LAA （SNICAR） model is incorporated into the SAST model with an LAA mass stratigraphy scheme. The new coupled model is validated against in-situ measurements at the Swamp Angel Study Plot （SASP）, Colorado, USA. Results show that the snow albedo and snow depth are better reproduced than those in the original SAST, particularly during the period of snow ablation. Furthermore, the impacts of LAA on snow are esti- mated in the coupled model through case comparisons of the snowpack, with or without LAA. The LAA particles directly absorb extra solar radiation, which accelerates the growth rate of the snow grain size. Meanwhile, these larger snow particles favor more radiative absorption. The average total radiative forcing of the LAA at the SASP is 47.5 W m-2. This extra radiative absorption enhances the snowmelt rate. As a result, the peak runoff time and ＂snow all gone＂ day have shifted 18 and 19.5 days earlier, respectively, which could further impose substantial impacts on the hydrologic cycle and atmospheric processes.

关键词： light-absorbing aerosols snow albedo SAST SNICAR

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Numerical Simulation of Sensitivities of snow Melting to Spectral Composition of the Incoming Solar Radiation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2009年第3期26卷 403-412页

作者：李伟平孙菽芬王标刘新 Laboratory for Climate Studies China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085

snow albedo is an important factor influencing the snow surface energy budget and snow melting, yet uncertainties remain in the calculation of spectrally resolved snow surface albedo because the spectral composition （visible versus near infrared） of the incident solar radiation is seldom available. The influence of the spectral composition of the incoming solar radiation on the snow surface albedo, snow surface energy budget, and final snow ablation is investigated through sensitivity experiments of four snow seasons at two open sites in the Alps by using a multi-layer snow-Atmosphere-Soil-Transfer scheme （SAST）. Since the snow albedo in the near infrared （NIR） spectral band is significantly lower than that in the visible （VIS） band, and almost the entire NIR part of the solar radiation is absorbed in the top layer of the snow pack, given a fixed amount of incoming solar radiation, a lower VIS/NIR ratio implies that more NIR radiation is reaching the ground surface and more is absorbed by the top layer of the snow pack, therefore, speeding up the snow melting and increasing the surface runoff, although a lesser part of the solar radiation in the visible band is transmitted into and trapped by the sub-layer of the snow pack. The above VIS/NIR ratio effect of the incoming solar radiation can result in a couple of days difference in the timing of snow ablation and it becomes more significant in late spring when the total solar radiation is intensified with seasonal evolution. snow aging also slightly intensifies this VIS/NIR ratio effect.

关键词： simulation snow albedo snow melt spectral composition solar radiation

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Black carbon and other light-absorbing impurities in snow across Northern China

Black carbon and other light-absorbing impurities in snow ac...

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强化科技基础推进气象现代化——第29届中国气象学会...

作者： Sarah J.Doherty Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean

Black carbon（BC）,organic carbon（OC）,and mineral dust（MD） are the most important light-absorbing particulate impurities in snow.A field campaign was conducted in January and February of 2010 to measure light-absorbing particles in snow across northern *** 400 snow samples were collected at 46 sites in 6 provinces.A spectrophotometer was used to separate snow particulate absorption by BC and non-BC constituents,based on the different spectral dependences of their light *** absorption by mineral dust is due to iron oxides,so iron concentration was determined by chemical *** assumed mass absorption efficiencies for BC,OC and iron,the fractional contribution of each to total absorption was *** lowest concentrations of BC were in the remote northeast on the border of Siberia,with an average concentration in surface snow of 135 *** of this,in the Industrial Northeast,the median snow BC concentration was 1220 *** the northeast,snow particulate light absorption was dominated by *** the grassland of Inner Mongolia OC,likely mostly from local soil,dominates light absorption,with median BC concentrations of 340 ng.g-1 responsible for only about a third of total particulate light *** the Qilian Mountains,at the northern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau,snow particulate light absorption is dominated by local soil and desert dust.

关键词： black carbon snow albedo light-absorbing particles absorption ngstrm exponent

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