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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第5期8卷 535-547页

作者： Fei Song Puyou Jia Caiying Bo Xiaoli Ren Lihong Hu Yonghong Zhou Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products Chinese Academy of ForestryNational Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical UtilizationCo-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourcesKey Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest ProductsNational Forestry and Grassland AdministrationKey Laboratory of Biomass Energy and MaterialsNanjing210042China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing210037China

In this study,we prepared a series of tung oil phenolic foams(TPF)by a one-pot *** FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra confirm the successful Friedel-Crafts grafting of phenol to the long-chain alkyl group in tung *** TPFs exhibit enhanced mechanical properties,including compressive and flexural strengths of up to 0.278±0.036 MPa and 0.450±0.017 MPa,respectively,which represent increases of 68.75%and 86.72%over those of pure phenolic foam(PF).SEM spectra reveal the TPF microstructure to have uniform hexagonal cell morphology,narrower cell size distribution,and smaller mean cell size,suggesting enhanced mechanical *** TPF total smoke release decreased by 74.23%,indicating that the long alkyl chain significantly improves smoke suppression of the combusting ***,due to the flammability of the alkyl chains,the TPF limiting oxygen index decreases with increasing tung oil ***,TPF exhibits reduced thermal stability and high-temperature charring rate,elevated peak and mean heat release rates,and higher total heat release compared with pure ***,future research will focus on the use of tung oil modified flame retardant to provide more robust phenolic foams.

关键词： Tung oil Friedel-Craft reaction phenolic foams mechanical properties smoke suppression

Effect of surface modification of ammonium polyphosphate-diatomite composite filler on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of cellulose paper

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2017年第1期2卷 30-35页

作者： Huifang Zhao Lizheng Sha Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou 310023P.R.China

Ammonium polyphosphate-diatomite composite filler(APP-diatomite composite filler)was modified with silane coupling agent KH550 to improve the flame retardancy of filled *** calorimeter was used to analyze the heat and smoke releasing rates,as well as smoke toxicity of the filled *** distribution of the composite filler particles in paper and the morphology of the charred residues after combustion were investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM),and the chemical structure of the charred residues was studied with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).Results show that the peak heat releasing rate(PHRR),total heat release(THR)and peak mass loss rate(PMLR)of the filled paper with the modified APP-diatomite decreased markedly,compared with those for the control paper,while the charred residue after combustion *** addition,the filled paper had an increased peak rate of smoke release(RSR)and increased total smoke release(TSR)and peak CO production rates,but a decreased peak CO_(2) production *** was also found that part of the carbon element in the charred residue of the paper loaded with the modified APP-diatomite was in the forms of C=C=C,C≡C and C≡N,and the charred residue had a relatively more intact structure without apparent fiber breakage and longitudinal cracks.

关键词： paper flame retardant paper cellulose fibers surface modification ammonium polyphosphate(APP)-diatomite composite filler flame retardancy smoke suppression

Durable flame-retardant,smoke-suppressant,and thermal-insulating biomass polyurethane foam enabled by a green bio-based system

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第31期162卷 179-188页

作者： Xue-Lian Chen Fu-Rong Zeng Wen-Xiong Li Lin Zhang Cong Deng Yi Tan Ming-Jun Chen Sheng-Chao Huang Bo-Wen Liu Yu-Zhong Wang Hai-Bo Zhao The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials(MoE) National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials(Sichuan)College of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China School of Science Xihua UniversityChengdu 610039China Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory Yichang 443199China

Bio-based polyurethane foam has attracted increasing attentions due to eco-friendliness and fossil feedstock ***,the inherent flammability limits its application in different ***,we demonstrate a green bio-based flame-retardant system to fabricate polyurethane foam composite with durable flame retardancy,smoke suppression,and thermal insulation *** this system,the green bio-based polyol(VED)with good reactivity and compatibility plays a role of flame retardant and EG acts as a synergistic *** a result,the LOI value of foam composite increased to 30.5 vol.%and it achieved a V-0 rating in the UL-94 vertical burning ***,the peak heat release rate(pHRR)and the total smoke production(TSP)decreased by 66.1%and 63.4%,***,the foam composite maintained durable flame retardancy after accelerated thermal aging test,whose thermal-insulating property was maintained even after being treated in high-humidity environment with 85%*** a *** work provides a facile strategy for durable flame retardancy and long-term thermal insulation performance,and creates opportunities for the practical applications of bio-based foam composites.

关键词： Biomass polyurethane foam composite Green bio-based system Durable flame retardancy smoke suppression Long-term thermal insulation

Preparation and Characterization of Flame Retardant and Low smoke Releasing Oil-resistant EVA/NBR Blends

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2015年第4期33卷 554-563页

作者： Huan Zou Jun Sun Xiao-yu Gu Peng Jiang Xi-shan Liu 张胜 Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Ministry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology

Nano-SiO2 and/or MoO3 were introduced to ethylene-vinyl acetate/nitrile butadiene rubber （EVA/NBR） blends containing magnesium hydroxide （MH） and red phosphorus （RP） to further improve the mechanical properties, oil resistance, smoke suppression and flame retardancy. The results indicated that the tensile strength and oil resistance were significantly improved by incorporating nano-SiO2. smoke suppression tests for EVA/NBR blend samples showed that both nano-SiO2 and MoO3 can significantly reduce smoke release amount. The flammability characterization indicated that the blended sample with an LOI value of 33.0 could achieve V-0 level in the UL-94 test. Cone calorimetry test data showed the peak heat release rate was 67% lower than that for pure EVA/NBR. Thermal analysis showed that the presence of both nano-SiO2 and MoO3 was beneficial to promoting char formation of the EVA/NBR blends. Char residual analysis suggested that MoO3 aggregated in solid phase during combustion.

关键词： Ethylene-vinyl acetate/nitrile butadiene rubber Tensile properties Oil resistance smoke suppression Flame retardancy.

smoke suppressant in flame retarded thermoplastic polyurethane composites: Synergistic effect and mechanism study

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Nano Research 2021年第11期14卷 3926-3934页

作者： Hongyuan Ren Kelan Qing Ying Chen Yanjun Lin Xue Duan State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China

Considerable smoke and toxic volatiles generation has compromised the application of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and caused a great threat to human life. Here, nano-MgFe layered double hydroxide (MgFe-LDH) with uniform particle size was synthesized to reduce smoke density and toxic gases of TPU composites using ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a flame retardant agent. The results show that the combination of 16 wt.% APP and 4 wt.% MgFe-LDH greatly decreased the smoke density (D20min and Ds, max), smoke production rate (SPR) and heat release rate (HRR) of TPU composites. Furthermore, the MgFe-LDH synergist demonstrated high efficiency in decreasing total volatiled products and toxic volatiles evolved, such as the CO, HCN and isocyanates. The reason was mainly attributed to the chemical reaction between MgFe-LDH and APP, which can promote the compactness of char layers with fine microstructure formed in the decomposition process of MgFe-LDH/APP/TPU composites. The protective char layers could act as barriers between combustion zone and matrix to protect the unburned substrate and promote smoke suppression effect.

关键词： layered double hydroxide thermoplastic polyurethane smoke suppression synergistic effect

Influence of Beta-Cyclodextrin Functionalized Tin Phenylphosphonate on the Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Composites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第12期10卷 3119-3130页

作者： Yongming Chen Shuai Huang Han Zhao Ru Yang Yining He Tianyu Zhao Yunlong Zhang Qinghong Kong Shasha Sun Junhao Zhang School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China Zhenjiang Electric Power Supply Company State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.Ltd.Zhenjiang212000China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang212003China

To enhance the thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy resin(EP),beta-cyclodextrin(β-CD)is successfully introduced into the layered tin phenylphosphonate(SnPP),which is incorporated into EP matrix for preparing EP/β-CD@SnPP *** results indicate that the addition ofβ-CD@SnPP obviously improve the thermal stability and residual yield of EP composites at higher *** the amount ofβ-CD@SnPP is only 4 wt%,EP/4β-CD@SnPP composites pass V-1 rating,and LOI value is up to 30.8%.Meanwhile,β-CD@SnPP effectively suppress the heat release and reduce the smoke production of EP/β-CD@SnPP composites in combustion,and the peak heat release rate(PHRR),total heat release(THR),smoke production rate(SPR)of EP/6β-CD@SnPP composites reduce by 28.4%,33.0%and 44.8%by comparison with those of pure *** good flame retardancy and smoke suppression are ascribed to the synergistic effect of excellent carbon-forming capability and fire retardancy ofβ-CD@SnPP.

关键词： Epoxy resin tin phenylphosphonate beta-cyclodextrin synergistic effect flame retardancy smoke suppression

An Effective Green Porous Structural Adhesive for Thermal Insulating,Flame-Retardant,and smoke-Suppressant Expandable Polystyrene Foam

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Engineering 2022年第10期17卷 151-160页

作者： Meng-En Li Hai-Bo Zhao Jin-Bo Cheng Ting Wang Teng Fu Ai-Ning Zhang Yu-Zhong Wang The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials(MoE)&State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering&National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials(Sichuan) College of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

To develop an efficient way to overcome the contradiction among flame retardancy,smoke suppression,and thermal insulation in expanded polystyrene(EPS)foams,which are widely used insulation materials in buildings,a novel"green"porous bio-based flame-retard ant starch(FRS)coating was designed from starch modified with phytic acid(PA)that simultaneously acts as both a flame retardant and an *** porous FRS coating has open pores,which,in combination with the closed cells formed by EPS beads,create a hierarchically porous structure in FRS-EPS that results in superior thermal insulation with a lower thermal conductivity of 27.0 mW·(m·K)^(-1).The resultant FRS-EPS foam showed extremely low heat-release rates and smoke-production release,indicating excellent fire retardancy and smoke *** specific optical density was as low as 121,which was 80.6%lower than that of neat EPS,at *** FRS-EPS also exhibited self-extinguishing behavior in vertical burning tests and had a high limiting oxygen index(LOI)value of 35.5%.More interestingly,after being burnt with an alcohol lamp for 30 min,the top side temperature of the FRS-EPS remained at only 140℃with ignition,thereby exhibiting excellent fire *** analysis confirmed the intumescent action of FRS,which forms a compact phosphorus-rich hybrid barrier,and the phosphorus-containing compounds that formed in the gas phase contributed to the excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression of *** novel porous biomass-based FRS system provides a promising strategy for fabricating polymer foams with excellent flame retardancy,smoke suppression,and thermal insulation.

关键词： Biomass porous coating Expanded polystyrene foam Low thermal conductivity Flame retardancy smoke suppression

Facile Synthesis of a Novel Bio-Based P-N Containing Flame Retardant for Effectively Reducing the Fire Hazards of Epoxy Resin

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第10期10卷 2639-2654页

作者： Meixian Li Xin Hu Jie Yang Hongyu Yang Yao Yuan College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiamen University of TechnologyXiamen361024China State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

In this work,a bio-based flame retardant(Cy-HEDP)was synthesized from cytosine and HEDP through a facile salt-forming reaction and embedded into epoxy matrix to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression *** product Cy-HEDP was well characterized by FTIR,^(1)H and^(31)P NMR and SEM *** the basis of the results,by adding 15 wt%Cy-HEDP,the EP15 can pass UL-94 V-0 rating,and the total smoke production(TSP)as well as total heat release(THR)can be decreased by 61.05%(from 22.61 to 8.7 m^(2)/m^(2))and 39.44%(from 103.19 to 62.50 MJ/m^(2))in comparison to the unfilled EP,reflecting the attenuated smoke toxicity and impeded heat *** to the analysis results of residual char,it can be concluded that Cy-HEDP possessed the ability to promote the formation of continuous and dense char layers,which would be a physical barrier to insulate oxygen and prevent heat feedback during the combustion of *** work provide inspiration towards developing bio-based flame retardant,probably extending the prospects to other polymeric material system.

关键词： Bio-based materials cytosine smoke suppression flame retardant epoxy resin

A biobased flame retardant towards improvement of flame retardancy and mechanical property of ethylene vinyl acetate

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第1期34卷 392-396页

作者： Siyi Xu Yue Han Cheng Zhou Jianxi Li Liguo Shen Hongjun Lin College of Geography and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China National Energy Life Evaluation and Management Technology Lab of Nuclear Power and Nonmetal Materials Suzhou 215400China CGN-DELTA(Taicang)Testing Technology Co. Ltd.Suzhou 215400China

A new biobased flame retardant(MHPA)with remarkable compatibility was synthesized via a facile and low-cost neutralization reaction of magnesium hydroxide(MH)and phytic acid(PA).By blending the prepared MHPA into ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA),the fire retardancy,smoke suppression and mechanical properties of the composites were significantly *** 50 wt%of MH was added into EVA matrix,the value of limiting oxygen index(LOI)reached 26.1%.Whereas,when 10 wt%MH in the EVA composites(with initial 50 wt%MH)was replaced by MHPA,the resulted EVA composites had a LOI value of 30.8%,indicating high efficiency of addition of MHPA to improve flame ***,the heat release rate(HRR)and total smoke production(TSP)of the EVA composites reduced by 54.4%and 27.6%,respectively,suggesting that incorporation of MHPA could effectively hinder rapid degradation of EVA composites during burning *** fire-retardant mechanism may reside in that the MHPA combined with MH can present the excellent carbonization and expansion *** study illustrates that the biobased MHPA has a broad application prospect to develop flame-retardant EVA composites.

关键词： Flame retardant smoke suppression Mechanical properties Magnesium hydroxide Phytic acid