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Delaying application time of slow-release fertilizer increases soil rhizosphere nitrogen content,root activity,and grain yield of spring maize

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The Crop Journal 2022年第6期10卷 1798-1806页

作者： Guanghao Li Pengxiao Fu Guigen Cheng Weiping Lu Dalei Lu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina

Application of slow-release fertilizer(SF)is a nutrient-management measure aimed at improving maize nutrient use and yield and saving labor cost.One-time application of SF at sowing usually results in nutrient deficiency during the post-silking stage,owing to the long growth period of spring maize.This study was conducted to investigate the effects on spring maize of SF application stage(zero,three-,and six-leaf stages,designated as SF0,SF3,and SF6,respectively)on grain yield,total soil rhizosphere nitrogen(N)content,and root activity,in comparison with the conventional fertilization mode(CF,application of compound fertilizer at sowing time,and topdressing urea at six-leaf and tasseling stages)at the same fertilization level as the control.Compared with no fertilization(F0)and CF,SF increased grain number and weight.The maize cultivars Suyu 30(SY30)and Jiangyu 877(JY877)produced the highest grain yield and net return under SF6 treatment over the three years.SF6 increased enzymatic activities including oxidoreductase,hydrolase,transferase,and lyase in rhizosphere soil at silking(R1)and milking stages(R3).SF6 increased the total N contents of rhizosphere soil by 7.1%at R1 and 9.2%R3 stages compared with SF0.The activities of antioxidant enzymes in roots were increased under SF6 treatments at R1and R3.The mean root activities of SF0,SF3,and SF6 increased by 7.1%,12.8%,and 20.5%compared with CF at R1 and by 8.8%,13.0%,and 23.5%at R3.Delaying the application time of SF could increase grain yield by increasing total N content of rhizosphere soil,delaying root senescence,and increasing root activity at the late reproductive stage.Applying SF at the six-leaf stage is recommended as an effective fertilization strategy for the sustainable production of spring maize in southern China.

关键词： Spring maize slow-release fertilizer Fertilization stage Root activity Grain yield

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Nitrogen slow-release behavior of oxamide granules in two different types of paddy soils

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Pedosphere 2022年第6期32卷 856-865页

作者： Xun LI Jinlong DONG Jingjing DUAN Wenzhong SHEN Zengqiang DUAN State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013(China) Agricultural Technology Promotion Center Taicang Agriculture CommitteeSuzhou 215400(China)

Oxamide is a potential slow-release nitrogen(N)fertilizer,especially under waterlogged conditions,due to its low solubility in water and the slow-release of ammonium by soil amidases.To investigate the effects of oxamide granules(2.00-2.38 mm in diameter)as a single basal fertilizer(180 or 144 kg N ha^(-1))on rice growth,soil properties,and N use efficiency in terms of N recovery efficiency(NRE),we conducted field experiments on two different types of paddy soils over two rice-growing seasons.Results showed that the fertilization effects of oxamide granules varied between the two types of paddy soils.In the red clayey paddy soil,the grain yields for both rice-growing seasons were high with a significantly higher NRE in the oxamide treatment than in the urea treatment.However,in the alluvial sandy paddy soil,the grain yields in the oxamide treatment were slightly lower than those in the urea treatment.Furthermore,oxamide produced little improvement in NRE in the alluvial sandy paddy soil.Soil incubation experiments over 98 d were also carried out to evaluate the factors affecting the N release behavior of oxamide granules in the two types of paddy soils.We found that the amidase activity was higher and,therefore,the oxamide hydrolysis rate was faster in the alluvial sandy paddy soil,which had a higher soil pH value and organic matter content,compared to the red clayey paddy soil.The faster N release and the longer growth period resulted in a mismatch between N supply by oxamide and rice demand,which,in turn,led to little improvement in NRE and a decreased grain yield in the alluvial sandy paddy soil,especially in the reduced oxamide treatment.These results could help select the appropriate size of oxamide granules for use as a slow-release N fertilizer depending on the soil properties and growth period of rice.

关键词： amidase activity grain yield nitrogen use efficiency organic matter content pH slow-release fertilizer

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Ammonia volatilization from a Chinese cabbage field under different nitrogen treatments in the Taihu Lake Basin, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第12期27卷 14-23页

作者： Linan Shan Yunfeng He Jie Chen Qian Huang Hongcai Wang College of Environmental and Resource Science Zhejiang University Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control

Ammonia（NH3） volatilization is a major pathway of nitrogen（N） loss from soil-crop systems.As vegetable cultivation is one of the most important agricultural land uses worldwide,a deeper understanding of NH3 volatilization is necessary in vegetable production systems.We therefore conducted a 3-year（2010-2012） field experiment to characterize NH3 volatilization and evaluate the effect of different N fertilizer treatments on this process during the growth period of Chinese cabbage.Ammonia volatilization rate,rainfall,soil water content,p H,and soil NH4~＋were measured during the growth period.The results showed that NH3 volatilization was significantly and positively correlated to topsoil p H and NH4＋concentration.Climate factors and fertilization method also significantly affected NH3 volatilization.Specifically,organic fertilizer（OF） increased NH3 volatilization by 11.77%-18.46%,compared to conventional fertilizer（CF,urea）,while organic-inorganic compound fertilizer（OIF） reduced NH3 volatilization by 8.82%-12.67% compared to CF.Furthermore,slow-release fertilizers had significantly positive effects on controlling NH3 volatilization,with a 60.73%-68.80% reduction for sulfur-coated urea（SCU）,a 71.85%-78.97% reduction for biological Carbon Power~？ urea（BCU）,and a 77.66%-83.12% reduction for bulk-blend controlled-release fertilizer（BBCRF）relative to CF.This study provides much needed baseline information,which will help in fertilizer choice and management practices to reduce NH3 volatilization and encourage the development of new strategies for vegetable planting.

关键词： Ammonia volatilization Nitrogen fertilizer slow-release fertilizer Vegetable soil

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Biochar-based slow-release of fertilizers for sustainable agriculture:A mini review

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2022年第2期10卷 54-72页

作者： Chongqing Wang Dan Luo Xue Zhang Rong Huang Yijun Cao Gonggang Liu Yingshuang Zhang Hui Wang School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China College of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha410004China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083HunanChina

Increasing global population and decreasing arable land pose tremendous pressures to agricultural production.The application of conventional chemical fertilizers improves agricultural production,but causes serious environmental problems and significant economic burdens.Biochar gains increasing interest as a soil amendment.Recently,more and more attentions have been paid to biochar-based slowrelease of fertilizers(SRFs)due to the unique properties of biochar.This review summarizes recent advances in the development,synthesis,application,and tentative mechanism of biochar-based SRFs.The development mainly undergoes three stages:(i)soil amendment using biochar,(ii)interactions between nutrients and biochar,and(iii)biochar-based SRFs.Various methods are proposed to improve the fertilizer efficiency of biochar,majorly including in-situ pyrolysis,co-pyrolysis,impregnation,encapsulation,and granulation.Considering the distinct features of different methods,the integrated methods are promising for fabricating effective biochar-based SRFs.The in-depth understanding of the mechanism of nutrient loading and slow release is discussed based on current knowledge.Additionally,the perspectives and challenges of the potential application of biochar-based SRFs are described.Knowledge surveyed from this review indicates that applying biochar-based SRFs is a viable way of promoting sustainable agriculture.

关键词： Biochar slow-release fertilizer Sustainability Soil amendment Agricultural production

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Preparation of a slow release Biofertilizer From a Polymeric Urea-Formaldehyde Matrix (PUFM)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2019年第4期88卷 459-470页

作者： Laura Siverio Martínez Mayra González Hurtado Laura M.Castro González Jacques Rieumont Briones Ariel Martínez García María I.Hernández Díaz Institute of Materials Science and Technology Polymer LaboratoryUniversity of HavanaZapata and GC.P.10400C.Havana CityCuba National Autonomous University of Mexico Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry CoyoacanDistrito FederalMX Faculty of Chemistry University of HavanaDepartment of Physical ChemistryZapata and GC.P.10400Havana CityCuba Institute of Horticultural Research Liliana Dimitrova Quivicánkm 33½.Havana CityCuba

fertilizers industry faces the challenge of improving the efficiency of its products either by optimizing the fertilizers in use or by developing new types of them.During the last decade,controlled and slow release technologies have become more important.These technologies aim to increase the efficiency of the applied substance by increasing its action over time and avoiding losses of all kinds(leaching,volatilization).The main purpose of the current study was to obtain a slow release biofertilizer by incorporating microalgae into a polymeric urea-formaldehyde matrix(PUFM).The quantitative analysis of macronutrients and micronutrients in the microalgae was determined using different techniques including titration,UV and Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy.The matrix and the formulation obtained(PUFM+CHLO)were also characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).The“in vitro”study showed a typical slow release behavior of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)macronutrients.It was also shown that(PUFM+CHLO)formulation has the slowest macronutrients release time with a maximum release of 28%,26%y 46%for(N-P-K)macronutrients respectively during a period of 30 days.The"in vivo"study exposed the benefits of the biofertilizer formulation(PUFM+CHLO)from conventional commercial fertilizer(CF)(NPK-14-5-12).Due to the presence of nutrients of natural origin in microalgae,(PUFM+CHLO)shows ecological effects which could also developing sustainable agriculture systems.

关键词： slow-release fertilizer microalgae polymeric matrix nutrients

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Effects of slow-release fertilizers and Sugarcane-specific fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Sugarcane

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Asian Agricultural Research 2018年第6期10卷 72-74,84页

作者： Qing LIAO Zepu JIANG Ying XING Shao'e YANG Guifen CHEN Panxia LIANG Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The effects of slow-release fertilizers and sugarcane-specific fertilizers on the growth and quality of sugarcane were studied to provide a theoretical basis for cultivation of sugarcane with lower costs but higher efficiency. Field experiments were carried out in two major sugarcane areas in Guangxi and three fertilization treatments were studied: single application of compound fertilizers( treatment I),compound fertilizers + slow-release fertilizers( treatment II) and sugarcane-specific base fertilizers + sugarcane-specific topdressing( treatment III). Effects of equal fertilization conditions of treatment I,II and III on growth,yield and sugar of sugarcane were studied. The three fertilization treatments had little effects on emergence,tillering,and effective stems of sugarcane,but compared with the treatment of compound fertilizer( treatment I) with a ratio of N,P,and K of 1∶1∶1,treatment II using slow-release fertilizers as topdressing had better growth,higher plant height and stem diameter,so the yield was higher. Treatment III designed sugarcane-specific fertilizers with proper ratio according to fertilizer demands of sugarcane. Besides,the treatment III sugarcane-specific base fertilizers,containing certain amount of organic matters,could promote the sugar accumulation of sugarcane. Therefore,the sugarcane yield of treatment III was higher than that of treatment II. In conclusion,slow-release fertilizers and sugarcane-specific fertilizers can significantly increase sugarcane yield,especially sugarcane-specific fertilizers. Sugarcane-specific fertilizers have reasonable ratio and contain certain amount of organic matters,and can increase sugar content,obtain significant economic benefits,so it is worth popularization in large areas.

关键词： slow-release fertilizer Sugarcane-specific fertilizer Sugarcane Growth Yield

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