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Influence of non-dimensional strength parameters on the seismic stability of cracked slopes

Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第1期16卷 153-167页

作者： ZHAO Lian-heng CHENG Xiao LI De-jian ZHANG Ying-bin School of Civil Engineering Central South University Key Laboratory of Heavy-haul Railway Engineering Structure Ministry of Education Central South University Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering Ministry of Education Southwest Jiaotong University Department of Geotechnical Engineering School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University

Cracks in rock or soil slopes influence the stability and durability of the slopes. Seismic forces can trigger slope disasters, particularly in the cracked slopes. Considering the nonlinear characteristics of materials, the more generalized nonlinear failure criterion proposed by Baker is adopted. The influence of non-dimensional strength parameters on the stability of cracked slopes under earthquakes is performed using the upper bound limit analysis. The seismic displacement is calculated by adopting the logarithmic spiral failure surface according to the sliding rigid block model. Based on the existing studies, two methods for the stability analysis of cracked slopes under earthquakes are introduced: the pseudo-static method(with the factor of safety(Fs) as an evaluation index), and the displacement-based method(with the seismic displacement as an evaluation index). The pseudo-static method can only determine the instantaneous stability state of the cracked slope, yet the displacement-based methodreflects the stability variation of cracked slopes during earthquakes. The results indicate that the nondimensional strength parameters affect the factor of safety and seismic displacement of slopes significantly. The non-dimensional strength parameter(n) controlling the curvature of strength function shapes on the slope stability is affected by other parameters. Owing to cracks, the effect of non-dimensional strength parameters on seismic displacement becomes more significant.

关键词： Cracked slopes Upper bound limit analysis(UBLA) Generalized nonlinear failure criterion Pseudo-static method Displacement-based method

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Probabilistic assessment of rock slopes stability using the response surface approach——A case study

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第3期29卷 357-370页

作者： Hassan Basahel Hani Mitri Department of Mining and Material Engineering McGill University

This paper examines the stability condition of a jointed rock slope in the south western region of Saudi Arabia using deterministic and probabilistic approaches,under both dry and wet *** study area is characterized by complex geology in rugged *** stability analysis is carried out using the code FLAC3D to generate a 3-dimensional,ubiquitous joint model,to determine the influence of the dominant,unfavourable discontinuity orientation with respect to the slope *** deterministic analysis is first implemented using the mean values of the selected random variables,namely the dip,dip direction and friction angle of the dominant discontinuity set,and the stability condition is assessed with a factor of safety based on the classical frictional joint constitutive model.A Box-Behnken design(BBD)approach is then adopted to create the surface response function as a second order polynomial for the factor of *** do so,fifteen FLAC3D models are generated in accordance with the *** on this,10,000 simulations of different slope realizations are carried out using Monte-Carlo simulation technique,and the probability of unsatisfactory of performance of the rock slope is *** is shown that the probabilistic approach provides more insight and confidence in the stability condition of the rock slope,both under dry and steady state heavy rainfall conditions.A discussion is presented on the significance of accepting lower safety factors when heavy rainfall conditions are encountered.

关键词： Rock slope stability Box-Behnken design Probabilistic analysis of slopes Response surface

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Effect of buried plates on scour profiles downstream of hydraulic jump in open channels with horizontal and reverse bed slopes

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Water Science and Engineering 2016年第4期9卷 329-335页

作者： Akram Abbaspour Sahar Parvini Ali Hosseinzadeh Dalir Department of Water Engineering University of Tabriz

Local scour downstream of sluice gates in erosive beds is one of the main concerns of hydraulic engineers because it can cause considerable damage to *** researchers have conducted various studies to predict the maximum depth and length of scour holes and to develop new methods to control this *** the methods that have recently been examined,embedded buried plates are used to control the scour in the erosive *** this study,using a physical model,the effect of buried plates in erosive beds on the depth of scour downstream of a hydraulic jump was *** experiments were performed in which plates were buried at 50° and 90° angles at different distances from the apron in open channels with horizontal and reverse bed *** results of experiments in which the scour profiles were drawn in dimensionless forms show that the angle and position of the plates are important to controlling and reducing scour *** fact,by reducing the angle of buried plates,the maximum depth of scour is also ***,comparison of the results of a single buried plate and double buried plates shows that using two buried plates at the distances of 30 and 45 cm from the non-erodible bed is more effective in reducing the scour *** best distances of the buried plates with angles of 90° and 50° from the non-erodible bed are 45 cm and 30 cm,respectively,in the condition with a single buried plate.

关键词： Local scour Buried plates Hydraulic jump Horizontal and reverse bed slopes

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Resistance factors for design of slopes in a homogenous soil layer

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Rock Mechanics Bulletin 2023年第1期2卷 17-26页

作者： Chenguang Wu Jie Zhang Mingliang Zhou Lei Wang Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education and Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Construction Management University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH45221USA

Traditionally,the factor of safety(FOS)is widely used to account for uncertainties in the design of slopes within the framework of working stress *** the uncertainties involved in the design of slopes vary,the same FOS may correspond to the different levels of *** this study,the advanced first order reliability method is used to determine the resistance factors for design of slopes in a homogenous soil *** is found that the resistance factors depend on the target reliability index,the height of the slope,and the variability of the soil strength *** is difficult to suggest a unique set of resistance factors for design of *** solutions are developed to determine the resistance factors for design of slopes assuming the random variables are normally *** approximate method based on the concept of equivalent target reliability index is also suggested to determine the resistance factors for design of the slope when the soil strength parameters are lognormally *** method suggested in this paper provides a practical way to perform load and resistance factors design of slopes.

关键词： slopes Uncertainties Reliability Resistance factors Sensitivity analysis

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Nested Newmark model to estimate permanent displacement of seismic slopes with tensile strength cut-off

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Journal of Central South University 2019年第7期26卷 1830-1839页

作者： ZHOU Zheng ZHANG Fei GAO Yu-feng SHU Shuang Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering Hohai University

Nested Newmark model(NNM) is a conceptual framework to assessing post-earthquake movements including dispersed shear movements. The original NNM omits that the tensile stresses would be encountered in slopes induced by earthquakes. The purpose of this study is to introduce the tensile strength cut-off and the relevant failure mechanism into NNM and conduct the limit analysis to determine the seismic displacement. Parametric studies are carried out to further investigate the influence of the tensile strength and input ground motions on permanent displacement. Neglecting the tensile strength can underestimate the permanent displacements of slopes. As the peak acceleration increases, the underestimation becomes more significant. With the reduction of tensile strength, much larger deformation occurs next to the slope crest. Although the present results are limited to an example, the method is of value in practice to predict the post-earthquake profile of slope.

关键词： slopes limit analysis earthquakes permanent displacement Newmark tensile strength

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BACK-ANALYSIS ON THE SHEARING STRENGTH IN SLIP SURFACE UNDER TRANSECTING LAYER FAILURES AND ASSESSMENT OF THE STABILITY FOR ANTIDIP ROCK slopes

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Scientia Geologica Sinica 1998年第2期 66-77页

作者： Yang Zhifa, Shang Yanjun and Yuan Baoyuan Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 Wang Jing and Tang Chunhua Middle South Institute for Design of Hydroelectric Projects, MERMWC, Changsha 410014

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｏｒｒｏｃｋｓｌｏｐｅｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｄｅｓｉｇｎ，ｔｈｅｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｈｅａｒｉｎｇｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｗｉｔｈｃ，ｖａｌｕｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｍａｉｎｃｏｎｃｏｒｄａ... 详细信息

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｏｒｒｏｃｋｓｌｏｐｅｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｄｅｓｉｇｎ，ｔｈｅｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｈｅａｒｉｎｇｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｗｉｔｈｃ，ｖａｌｕｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｍａｉｎｃｏｎｃｏｒｄａｎｔｄｉｐｗｅａｋｎｅｓｓｕｒｆａ...

关键词： SLIP SURFACE STRENGTH slopes ANTIDIP ROCK AND

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Investigation of rockfall-prone road cut slope near Lengpui Airport,Mizoram,India

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第1期11卷 146-158页

作者： A.K.Verma Sahil Sardana Pushpendra Sharma Lal Dinpuia T.N.Singh Department of Mining Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu Universiy) Department of Mining Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Department of Civil Engineering Lassonde School of Engineering York University Department of Ceology Pachhunga University College Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Rockfall is one of severe natural hazards that are frequently reported in northeast region of India. It carries rock block falling from the cliff with high velocities and energies which can result in damages to vehicles, disruption to transportation, injuries and fatalities. The massive rockfall event which occurred in April 2017 on the highway NH-44 A, near Lengpui Airport, blocked the traffic for 1 d, and fortunately,no casualties were reported as the event occurred in the night. This is the only highway connecting the Aizawl city to the airport and the region is highly prone to rockfall events. Hence assessment of rockfall along this highway is necessary. In the current study, rockfall hazard assessment has been carried out on three locations by rockfall hazard rating system(RHRS). During pre-failure analysis, the result shows that most hazardous slopes have RHRS score of 639. The slopes were found to be vulnerable and later on the rockfall activity occurred. Three-dimensional(3 D) stability analysis has been carried out using 3 DEC software package to analyze the failure behavior and to decide the rockfall-prone zone(unstable blocks)for slope. The total displacement of 2.24 cm and velocity of 2,25 mm/s of the failed block have been observed in the numerical analysis. Further, the rockfall vulnerable zone(unstable blocks) is considered to determine the parameters such as run-out distance, bounce height and energies of the falling rock blocks. The maximum total kinetic energy of 5047 kJ has been observed in the numerical analysis with the maximum run-out distance up to 18 m.

关键词： Rockfall hazards Rockfall simulation Rockfall hazard rating system(RHRS) Road cut slopes Slope stability

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Dynamic response of support systems during excavation of underground openings

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第5期11卷 954-964页

作者： ?.Aydan Department of Civil Engineering University of Ryukyus

Rockburst,earthquake and blasting cause some dynamic loads on rock support and rock reinforcement *** of rock support and rock reinforcement are generally made of steel bar or cables,which are resistant against *** support elements may be subjected to vibrations induced by turbines,vehicle traffic and long-term corrosion in addition to dynamic loading caused by earthquake,rockburst and *** this study,some theoretical,numerical and experimental studies are conducted on rockbolts and rock anchors under shaking and impulsive *** the outcomes of these studies are presented and their practical implications are discussed accordingly.

关键词： Rockbolt Dynamic behaviour Pull-out test Planar sliding Underground openings slopes

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Quantitative human risk analysis of 2015 Shenzhen dump failure considering influence of urbanization

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第6期18卷 1439-1457页

作者： ZHANG Shuai LIU Ying BATE Bate PENG Da-lei LI Can ZHAN Liang-tong MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geo-Environmental Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Faculty of Science and Technology Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong KongHongkong 999077China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHongkong 999077China

With the rapid development of urbanization, a large amount of construction spoil was stockpiled around cities and formed extensive dumps. Construction spoil is one of the main construction and demolition(C&D) waste and municipal solid waste(MSW). Once the construction spoil dump becomes unstable, it will bring great risks to the surrounding residents. A catastrophic dump failure occurred on 20 December 2015 in Guangming New Strict, Shenzhen, China. Approximately 2.51×10^(6) m^(3) of construction waste slid out from the dumpsite, destroying 33 houses and causing total 77 casualties. This paper attempts to analyze the failure probability of the construction spoil dump using Monte Carlo simulation considering the spatial variability of soil properties, and to quantify the dynamic human risk considering the increasing urbanization. Influence of urbanization on the human element at risk is analyzed by referring to multi-temporal remote sensing images. A quantitative human risk assessment model is employed to determine the landslide human risk referring an assessment criteria curve between frequency of number fatalities and number of fatalities(F-N curve). It is found that the societal risk at daytime was 0.078, 0.088, and 1.432 in 2002, 2014, and 2015, respectively. Meanwhile, the societal risk at night was 0.034, 0.037, and 0.611 in 2002, 2014, and 2015, respectively. The quantitative method was benchmarked by the other landfill failure. It implies that the human risk increased with the development of urbanization and its value at daytime was approximately twice as much as at night. The new approach for the human risk assessment provides guidance for modern MSW landfills and highlights the obvious influence of urbanization on the human risk in other areas.

关键词： Construction spoil Dumpsite slopes Landslides Stability analysis Human risk

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Rock-soil slope stability analysis by two-phase random media and finite elements

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第6期9卷 1649-1655页

作者： Yong Liu Huawen Xiao Kai Yao Jun Hu Hong Wei State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Institute of Engineering Risk and Disaster Prevention Wuhan University Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Hainan University

To investigate the strong random nature of the geometric interfaces between soil and rock, a rock-soil slope is considered as a two-phase random medium. A nonlinear translation of a Gaussian field is utilized to simulate the two-phase random media, such that the soil(or rock) volume fraction and the inclination of the soil layer can be examined. The finite element method with random media incorporated as the material properties is used to determine the factor of safety of the rock-soil slope. Monte-Carlo simulations are used to estimate the statistical characteristics of the factor of safety. The failure mode of the rock-soil slope is examined by observing the maximum principal plastic strain at incipient slope failure. It is found that the critical surface of a rock-soil slope is fairly irregular, and it significantly differs from that of a pure soil slope. The factor of safety is sensitive to the soil volume faction, but it is predictable. The average factor of safety could be well predicted by the weighted harmonic average between the strength of soil and rock; the prediction model is practical and simple. Parametric studies on the inclination of the soil layer demonstrate that the most instable scenario occurs when the slope angle is consistent with the inclination of the soil layer.

关键词： slopes stability Numerical computation Statistical analysis Finite-element modelling Random fields Monte-Carlo simulations

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