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Supporting skin Structure and Its barrier Functions with Evidence-Based skin Care Ingredients

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2024年第2期14卷 200-210页

作者： Marsha Tharakan Lori Lonczak Scientific and Clinical Consultant Denver CO USA Lori Lonczak Consulting LLC Fair Haven NJ USA

The epidermis, and in particular its outermost layer, the stratum corneum, contributes much of the barrier function of the skin and is a readily visible representation of skin health. Maintaining the health of the skin barrier has arguably become more important than ever in the modern world, in which a large majority of people are exposed to environmental insults. These external factors can damage the integrity of the skin barrier and prematurely age the skin. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to maintain and protect the stratum corneum. Here, we briefly review the complex, multilayered structure of the skin and relate it to clinically translatable function, with an emphasis on the stratum corneum. In the context of epidermal structure and function, the formulation and clinical data for Phelityl® Reviving Cream will be reviewed. Phelityl Reviving Cream was shown to be associated with improvements in both immediate- and long-term parameters, including a significant positive effect on the skin barrier and immediate and long-lasting hydration.

关键词： skin Structure skin barrier Stratum Corneum Phelityl Reviving Cream Phelityl Complex

Alleviating skin barrier Disruption,skin Inflammation,and Pruritus:A Moisturizing Spray Containingβ-Glucan and Panthenol

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International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2023年第1期6卷 1-8页

作者： Jia Zhu Yong-Fang Wang Sha-Sha Song Li-Li Wu Yi Chen Xin-Yu Li Mei Ju Department of Pharmacology Hospital for Skin Diseases(Institute of Dermatology)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingJiangsu 210042China Department of Physiotherapy Hospital for Skin Diseases(Institute of Dermatology)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingJiangsu 210042China

Objective:Inflammatory skin diseases were proved to be associated with dry skin-induced pruritus.However,the relationship between skin inflammation,skin barrier function,and pruritus remains unclarified.The present study aimed to explore this relationship using an acetone-ether-water(AEW)mouse model,and to investigate the anti-itch effects of the combined application ofβ-glucan and panthenol in a moisturizing spray in this mouse model.Methods:A dry skin-induced chronic pruritus mouse model was established by repeated AEW treatment of the skin.The pruritic behavior,skin barrier function,and expression of molecules related to pruritus and inflammation in topical lesions were measured.The effects of a spray containingβ-glucan and panthenol were observed.Thet test and one-way analysis of variance were used to evaluate differences between groups.Results:AEW treatment triggered spontaneous scratching with significantly increased numbers of scratching bouts,and disrupted the skin barrier with a significant increase in transepidermal water loss values and a significant decrease in filaggrin gene(FLG)expression(allPskin(allPskin lesions(allP<0.05).Conclusion:The present results suggest a relatio

关键词： skin barrier pruritus β-glucan dry skin NOD-likereceptor family pyrin domain containing 3

Atopic Dermatitis-like Graft-versus-host Disease and Lichen Planus-like Graft-versus-host Disease： Alterations in skin barrier Function and Related Molecules

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Chinese Medical Journal 2017年第12期130卷 1459-1466页

作者： Kun Li Zhano-Lei Mu Xue Chen Guang-DongWen Yan Zhao Jian-Zhong Zhang Department of Dermatology Peking University People's Hospital Beijing 100044 China

Background： Graft-versus-host disease （GVHD） is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. skin barrier disruption could induce thymic stromal lymphopoietin （TSLP） expression, and the expression of TSLP was increased in lesions ofatopic dermatitis （AD）-like GVHD and lichen planus （LP）-like GVHD. This study attempted to investigate the skin barrier function of AD-like GVHD and LP-like GVHD and possible mechanisms. Methods： Eighteen AD-like GVHD patients, 12 LP-like GVHD patients, and 14 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. skin biopsy was done in five AD-like GVHD patients, eight LP-like GVHD patients, and eight healthy volunteers. The intensity of pruritus was assessed by visual analog scale itch score and detailed pruritus score. Transepidermal water loss （TEWL） was measured using Tewameter TM 300. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression ofloricrin, involucrin, LL37, and human β-defensins 2 （hBD2） in skin lesions. Western blot analysis was used for analyzing the protein levels ofloricrin and involucrin in skin lesions. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess the mRNA levels of LL37 and hBD2 in skin lesions. Results： Pruritus score was higher in patients with AD-like GVHD （11.33 ± 5.35） than that of patients with LP-like GVHD （2.58 ± 3.09, P 〈 0.001 ）. Compared with healthy controls （HCs, 4.52 ± 1.24 g.m- 2.h-1）, TEWL was increased in AD-like GVHD （26.72 ±9.02 g.m -1h -1, P 〈 0.001 ） and LP-like GVHD patients （18.78± 4.57 g.m -2.h -1, P 〈 0.001）, and expressions of loricrin and involucrin were also increased in skin lesions ofAD-like GVHD and LP-like GVHD patients （all P 〈 0.05）. LL37 mRNA expression was decreased in lesions of AD-like GVHD and LP-like GVHD patients （P = 0.005 and P = 0.008, vs. HCs, respectively）, hBD2 mRNA expression was increased in skin lesions ofAD-like GVHD and LP-like GVHD patients （P = 0.002 and P 〈 0.001, vs. HCs, respectively）. Conclusions： skin barrier dysfunction is present in AD-like GVHD and LP-like GVHD. The immu

关键词： Atopic Dermatitis Graft-versus-host Disease Lichen Planus skin barrier

Mechanism of improving skin barrier function in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis using Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction and its disassembled formula

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2021年第4期8卷 309-316页

作者： Jingang Liu Yan Sun Huimin Yuan Yuda Li Jing Feng Yushan Gao Yang Tang Shujing Zhang Hang Wang Fengjie Zheng School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing102488China

Objective: To reveal the mechanism of Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction and its disassembled formula for improving the skin barrier function in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis(AD).Methods: Sixty specific-pathogen free male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group, whole formula group(WF), exterior-releasing formula group(ERF), interior-clearing formula group(ICF), and positive control group(PC). A mouse model of AD was established using the semiantigen 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene induction method. The lesion scores, transepidermal water loss and p H, and skin histopathology of mice in each group were observed. The expressions of filaggrin, loricrin,and involucrin were detected by the streptavidin peroxidase immunohistochemical method and western blotting, and their mRNA expressions were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results: Mice in the WF, ERF, ICF, and PC groups showed reduced skin lesion performance, improved histopathology, decreased skin lesion score, transepidermal water loss and pH, and upregulated expressions of proteins including filaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin, and their mRNAs. The most obvious regulatory effect was observed in the WF group, followed by the ICF, ERF, and PC groups, accordingly.Conclusions: Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction and its disassembled formula can improve the skin barrier function in a mouse model of AD by upregulating filaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin, and their mRNA expressions, and the most optimal effect was noted in the WF group, followed by the ICF and ERF groups, which suggests that the effect of clearing heat and resolving dampness in improving the skin barrier function of AD is more obvious and is one of the key treatments for AD.

关键词： Atopic dermatitis Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction Correspondence between pattern and formula elements skin barrier

3D skin models along with skin-on-a-chip systems:A critical review

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第5期34卷 111-120页

作者： Wenxuan Sun Zijia Liu Jian Xu Ya Cheng Ruixue Yin Lei Ma Honglin Li Xuhong Qian Hongbo Zhang School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China School of Physics and Electronic Science East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China

skin is the largest organ in human body,and it plays an important role in regulating physiological microenvironments and acts as a barrier to protect human body from harmful intrusions.The demand for fully functional skin models(also called skin equivalents,SE)in an in-vivo mimicking culturing microenvironment has been increased dramatically due to the fast development in skin disease treatments and skin care products.Owing to the emerging of the concept and technology of organ-on-chips along with the three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting technology,3D skin models and their applications have been fast evolving.In this paper,the advances in the development of 3D skin models along with skin-on-a-chip(SOC)are reviewed and commented.One of the findings with this paper is that the SOC together with the 3D bioprinting technology is promising to construct fully functional 3D skin models in the field of pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

关键词： 3D skin model skin equivalent skin-on-a-chip 3D bioprinting skin barrier

A Commercially Available skin Care Lotion with a pH of 4.5 and 10% Urea Improves skin Surface pH, Stratum Corneum Hydration and Epidermal barrier Function in Subjects with Dry skin and Atopic Diathesis

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2020年第3期10卷 116-133页

作者： Jürgen Blaak Christiane Theiss Marina Schleißinger Isabel Simon Nanna Y. Schürer Peter Staib Department of Research & Development and Regulatory Affairs Kneipp GmbH Würzburg Germany Department of Dermatology Environmental Medicine and Health Theory University of Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany

OBJECTIVE: The physiological skin surface pH is crucial for several epidermal barrier functions, like stratum corneum integrity, cohesion and restoration. Alterations of the “normal” acidic nature of the skin surface have been shown to correlate with specific skin conditions like aged or inflamed skin and are leading to impaired skin barrier function and formation. It is previously demonstrated that topical acidification in atopic dermatitis improves stratum corneum function, skin barrier structure and clinical signs in dermatitis. Against this background, we examined the impact of a slightly acidic skin care product containing urea on stratum corneum hydration, skin surface pH and epidermal barrier function in subjects with dry skin and atopic diathesis. METHODS: Stratum corneum hydration, skin surface pH and transepidermal water loss were biophysically measured before and after a 4-week treatment period with the test product (pH 4.5, 10% urea) compared to the reference product in 25 volunteers. In addition, dynamic epidermal barrier parameters like stratum corneum integrity, cohesion and recovery were investigated by using a previously described tape stripping approach. RESULTS: It was shown that the test product (pH 4.5, 10% urea) significantly elevated stratum corneum hydration and improved the acidic nature of the skin surface by lowering the skin surface pH to a greater extent compared to the reference product. After the 4-week treatment period a significant faster barrier restoration was detected on the test site treated with the test product compared to the reference product. Moreover, the test product strengthens the skin barrier integrity and cohesion. CONCLUSION:

Noninvasive study of structural and functional features of neonatal skin

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2014年第3期7卷 40-49页

作者： I.L.Shlivko V.A.Kamensky M.Y.Kirillin P.D.Agrba O.E.Garanina M.S.Neznakhina D.O.Ellinsky A.S.Maksimova E.V.Donchenko Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy 603005 Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1 Nizhny Nougoro dRussia Institute of Applied Physics R.AS603950 Ulyanou str.46 Nizhny NovugorodRussia Nizhngy Novgorod Research Institute of Traumatology.and Orthopedics 603155 Verkhnevolzhskaya Embankment 18 Nizhny NougorodRussia

In the present paper,we describe the first complex multifocal noninvasive morphological andfunctional study that enabled us to define specific qualitative and quantitative features of neo-natal skin.A complex morphofunctional examination of 10 infants aging from 1 to 28 days wasperformed by optical coherence tomography(OCT)device with a flexible probe at the wavelength of 920 nm with longitudinal resolution of 20μm and transverse resolution of 25μm with simultaneous measurement of skin functional parameters.The OCT images of neonatal thin skinhave organized layered structure with four horizontally oriented layers.Thick skin of newbornshas no structure typical for adult skin and no clear transition from the papillary to the cellulardermis.Thus,we show for the first time to our knowledge that neonatal thick skin differs structurally and functionally from adult skin.Structurally,it differs by a loose arrangement of stratum corneum squamae and thinner epidermis and papilary layer of dermis.The functionaldifferences are lower transepidermal water loss,localization-dependent humidity,higher ery,thema level,and lower pigmentation.The principal structural diferences between neonatal andadult skin show that skin structure formation is not completed by the moment of birth.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography skin skin barrier neonate.

Research Progress on Causes and Pathogenesis of Sensitive skin

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China Detergent & Cosmetics 2022年第4期7卷 49-55页

作者： Li An Yang Yuanyuan Cistto Bio-Research Center Beijing Zhilejie Biotech Co.Ltd.China

The causes and pathogenesis of sensitive skin are relatively complex.Herein,the causes and pathogenesis of sensitive skin are summarized based on previous research results.The causes of sensitive skin mainly include various external factors,internal factors,and other dermatological factors.The mechanisms are complex,including skin barrier function injury,changes in epidermal microbial status,abnormal sensory nerve fiber function,activation of TRPV1 channel,neurovascular-immune-inflammatory pathway,transcriptome,etc.Sensitive skin is often induced by multiple mechanisms.The analysis and discussion of the causes and mechanisms of sensitive skin will be helpful to guide clinical practice.

关键词： sensitive skin skin barrier sensory nerve fiber TRPV1 channel pathogenesis

Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry quantitative proteomic analysis reveals that skin aging-related proteins differ between men and women

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BIOCELL 2021年第5期45卷 1321-1335页

作者： HUI ZHANG SHIRUI CHEN MENGTING LIU YAOCHI WANG CONG XIN JING MA XIAODONG ZHENG YUANDI HUANG BO ZHANG XUEJUN ZHANG LIANGDAN SUN SEN YANG Department of Dermatology No.1 HospitalAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China Institute of Dermatology Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China Anhui Ferry Dermotological Institute Hefei230031China Department of Oncology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601China

The skin is the largest organ of the human body,and its aging is visible to the naked eye.The aging rate of men and women is slightly different.This study compared the protein expression of skin samples on the curved forearms of 11 healthy women and 9 healthy men.Quantitative proteomics analysis found that the expression of epidermal proteins in men and women of the same age group was different.Compared with female skin,in male skin,20 proteins were upregulated,and 7 proteins were downregulated.These data suggest that men and women have differences in the speed of skin aging.For the first time in this experiment,a non-invasive mass spectrometer was used to detect 27 different-related epidermal proteins between men and women.Compared with women,among the 20 epidermal proteins upregulated in men,their functions can be classified into antioxidants,epidermal lipid metabolism,signal transduction,membrane transport,and cell biological processes;the 7 downregulated proteins are involved in a variety of biological processes and inflammatory reactions.Our experiments have discovered epidermal proteins related to the differences between men and women,enriching the library of epidermal differential proteins between men and women and enriching the mechanism of skin aging between men and women from the perspective of epidermal differential proteins.

关键词： Epidermal protein Mass spectrometer skin barrier Gender-related skin aging Proteome