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A Pilot Program of Pre-Exposure and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Promotion among Men Who Have Sex with Men-7 Study sites, China, 2018–2019

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China CDC weekly 2020年第48期2卷 917-919页

作者： Xiaofang Wang Jie Xu Zunyou Wu National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Summary What is already known on this topic?Pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)had been proved to be effective in HIV prevention among men who have sex with men(MSM)internationally.Use of ... 详细信息

关键词： prevention China. sites

Intraspecific temporal resource partitioning at white-tailed deer feeding sites

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 139-146页

作者： David B. STONE James A. MARTIN Bradley S. COHEN Thomas J. PREBYL Charlie KILLMASTER Karl V. MILLER Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken SC USA Department of Biology Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN USA Georgia Department of Natural Resources Atlanta GA USA

Individuals may reduce competition by temporally partitioning their use of a shared resource. Behavioral differences between sexes in ungulates may encourage segregation as individuals attempt to avoid antagonistic interactions. However, dominant sex and age groups may reduce subordinates' access to food resources, regardless of the subordinate's sex. We hypothesized that white-tailed deer Odocoileus Virginian us temporally segregated at supplemental feedi ng sites based on social rank (subordinate: yearling males and adult females;dominant: adult males) and that segregation was affected by phase of the breeding season and diel cycle. If deer temporally segregate according to social rank, we predicted that the resulting activity patterns would manifest in one social class being relatively more susceptible to hunter-induced mortality. We used a multistate modeling approach to quantify temporal segregation and calculated the probability that a feeding site was in a particular state during diurnal and nocturnal hours for each of the 3 phases of the breeding season. We determined that transition probabilities differed by season and diel cycle and dominant and subordinate social classes clearly avoided each other, with sites. During the pre-breedi ng seas on, the probability of a subordi nate being present during diurnal hours was 3.Ox more likely than a dominant being present, but did not differ during nocturnal hours. There was no difference for dominants and subordinates during diurnal or no cturnal hours during the breedi ng season .In the post-breedi ng season, subordi nates were 1.7x more likely to occur at the feeding site than a dominant during diurnal hours but they did not differ during nocturnal hours. Our results indicate that dominance status influences temporal segregation at feeding sites and is affected by the phase of the breeding season. Therefore, the resulti ng activity patterns may in crease subordi nates' risk to human predation during the prebreedi ng and post-breed

关键词： competition multistate modeling predation risk supplemental feeding sites intraspecific temporal resource partitioning white-tailed deer

Spatial sampling inconsistency leads to differences in phenological sensitivity to warming between natural and experiment sites

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Science Bulletin 2019年第14期64卷 961-963页

作者： Nan Cong Miaogen Shen Jiaxing Zu Yangjian Zhang Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Plant spring phenology is receiving increasing attention owing to the recognition of its high sensitivity to ongoing climatic warming [1]. Changes in plant spring phenology can substantially influence a wide range of ecosystem structure and functions, which can not only affect human-beings but also in turn affect climate [2]. Warming experiments have been widely conducted to help understand, and thus predict plant phenological response to climate. Most of these experiment-based studies have focused on reporting the signs and magn让udes of phenological responses, and a few have included temperature sensitivity (phenological shifts per unit temperature change). However, applying the outputs of these experiments to predict future phenological response to climate change remains challenging.

关键词： differences phenological sensitivity experiment sites

Technical Guidelines for Disinfection of Special sites for COVID-19

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China CDC weekly 2020年第19期2卷 337-340页

作者：无 Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

PRINCIPLES OF DISINFECTION Determination of Scope and Objects One should determine the scope,the objects for disinfection,and the timing of disinfection based on an epidemiological investigation risk assessment.Places where patients and asymptomatic infected individuals have stayed,such as homes,medical institutions,isolation wards,transfer vehicles,etc.,should carry out concurrent disinfection and should have a terminal disinfection after discharge or death of a patient;for asymptomatic infected individuals,a terminal disinfection should be done after their nucleic acid test results turn negative.

关键词： death carry sites

iRNA-PseTNC:identification of RNA 5-methylcytosine sites using hybrid vector space of pseudo nucleotide composition

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2020年第2期14卷 451-460页

作者： Shahid AKBAR Maqsood HAYAT Muhammad IQBAL Muhammad TAHIR Department of Computer Science Abdul Wali Khan University MardanKP 23200Pakistan

RNA 5-methylcytosine(m^5C)sites perform a major role in numerous biological processes and commonly reported in both DNA and RNA cellular.The enzymatic mechanism and biological functions of m^5C sites in DNA remain the focusing area of researchers for last few decades.Likewise,the investigators also targeted m^5C sites in RNA due to its cellular functions,positioning and formation mechanism.Currently,several rudimentary roles of the m^5C in RNA have been explored,but a lot of improvements are still under consideration.Initially,the identification of RNA methylcytosine sites was carried out via experimental methods,which were very hard,erroneous and time consuming owing to partial availability of recognized structures.Looking at the significance of m^5C role in RNA,scientists have diverted their attention from structure to sequence-based prediction.In this regards,an intelligent computational model is proposed in order to identify m^5C sites in RNA with high precision.Three RNA sequences formulation methods namely:pseudo dinucleotide composition,pseudo trinucleotide composition and pseudo tetra nucleotide composition are applied to extract variant and high profound numerical features.In a sequel,the vector spaces are fused to build a hybrid space in order to compensate the weakness of each other.Various learning hypotheses are examined to select the best operational engine,which can truly identify the pattern of the target class.The strength and generalization of the proposed model are measured using two different cross validation tests.The reported outcomes reveal that the proposed model achieved 3%better accuracy than that of the highest present approach in the literature so far.

关键词： methylcytosine sites PseTNC PseTetraNC hybrid features SVM cross validation test

Zinc-substituted hemoglobin with specific drug binding sites and fatty acid resistance ability for enhanced photodynamic therapy

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Nano Research 2019年第8期12卷 1880-1887页

作者： Yiting Xu Jiamei Xu Xiaoxiao Hu Xin Xia Qian Dong Zhangkun Liu Zhuo Chen Weihong Tan Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and ChemometricsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollege of Life SciencesAptamer Engineering Center of Hunan ProvinceHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical BiologyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Department of Chemistry Departments of Physiology and Functional GenomicsCenter for Research at the Bio/Nano InterfaceUF Health Cancer CenterUF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida 32611USA

Precisely designed protein-based nanodrugs, as a kind of colloidal drug system, have attracted significant attention in tumor therapy because of their refined drug loading ratio, controlled delivery efficacy and natural biocompatibility. However, most drugs are conjugated to the protein carriers randomly without specific binding sites. Moreover, such sites could easily be replaced by lipophilic molecules in the physiological environment and result in low delivery efficiency. With strong and specific binding locations especially comparatively narrow spatial binding sites and nonflexible structure, hemin (FePPIX)-free hemoglobin or apohemoglobin (apoHb), as a natural metalloporphyrin protein carrier, represents great potential in bioapplication. Therefore, we herein introduce a folate acid (FA) modified, zinc-substituted hemoglobin (ZnPHb-FA) as a naturally occurring protein matrix-based photosensitizer for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Noncovalent inserted ZnPPIX molecules in apoHb possess an extremely stable property and significant recovered photoproperties with superior biocompatibility and phototoxicity, both in vitro and in vivo. This stability was verified by molecular docking analysis and calculation of binding constant, representing a total of five drug binding sites of apoHb for ZnPPIX molecules, four of which are energetically favorable (△G value of -11.9 kcal/mol), and one which is energetically acceptable (△G value of -9 kcal/mol). Folate acid modification has been shown to efficiently enhance the internalization and retention time of ZnPHb nanodrug. ZnPHb-FA is also an efficient depressor of hemin oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which could, in turn, lower the antioxidant ability of cancer cells by decreasing the production of biiirublin. Results in vitro and in vivo both indicated that the firmly combination of apoHb and ZnPPIX described here represents a novel and efficient protein nanodrug systems for cancer therapy.

关键词： natural metalloporphyrin protein carrier specific drug binding sites fatty acid resistance ability photodynamic therapy hemin oxygenase-1 (HO-1)

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-assisted synthesis of Bi2Se3 nanostructures with unique edge sites

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Nano Research 2016年第9期9卷 2707-2714页

作者： Xianli Liu Zhicheng Fang Qi Zhang Ruijie Huang Lin Lin Chunmiao Ye Chao Ma Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei Science Center & National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryDepartment of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Nanomaterials with unique edge sites have received increasing attention due to their superior performance in various applications. Herein, we employed an effective ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-assisted method to synthesize a series of exotic Bi2Se3 nanostructures with distinct edge sites. It was found that the products changed from smooth nanoplates to half-plate-containing and crown-like nanoplates upon increasing the molar ratio of EDTA to Bi3+. Mechanistic studies indicated that, when a dislocation source and relatively high supersaturation exist, the step edges in the initially formed seeds can serve as supporting sites for the growth of epilayers, leading to the formation of half-plate-containing nanoplates. In contrast, when the dislocation source and a suitably low supersaturation are simultaneously present in the system, the dislocation-driven growth mode dominates the process, in which the step edges form at the later stage of the growth responsible for the formation of crown-like nanoplates.

关键词： Bi2Se3 edge sites ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) dislocation source supersaturation

Active sites engineering of Pt/CNT oxygen reduction catalysts by atomic layer deposition

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第6期29卷 59-66,I0003页

作者： Jie Gan Jiankang Zhang Baiyan Zhang Wenyao Chen Dongfang Niu Yong Qin Xuezhi Duan Xinggui Zhou State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina

Understanding carbon-supported Pt-catalyzed oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)from the perspective of the active sites is of fundamental and practical importance.In this study,three differently sized carbon nanotube-supported Pt nanoparticles(Pt/CNT)are prepared by both atomic layer deposition(ALD)and impregnation methods.The performances of the catalysts toward the ORR in acidic media are comparatively studied to probe the effects of the sizes of the Pt nanoparticles together with their distributions,electronic properties,and local environments.The ALD-Pt/CNT catalysts show much higher ORR activity and selectivity than the impregnation-Pt/CNT catalysts.This outstanding ORR performance is ascribed to the well-controlled Pt particle sizes and distributions,desirable Pt^04f binding energy,and the Cl-free Pt surfaces based on the electrocatalytic measurements,catalyst characterizations,and model calculations.The insights reported here could guide the rational design and fine-tuning of carbon-supported Pt catalysts for the ORR.

关键词： Oxygen reduction Pt/CNT catalyst Atomic layer deposition Active sites

IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIAL MUTATIONAL sites IN HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA IN THE CHINESE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

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Science China Chemistry 1989年第4期32卷 468-477页

作者：俞民澍邱信芳薛京伦刘祖洞谈家桢李厚钧刘德祥李力余伍忠 Institute of Genetics Fudan University Shanghai Genetics Group Xinjiang Urumqi General Military Hospital Urumqi

A simple method for the identification of mutational sites in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was described. It was based on the human Cambridge sequence as a relative standard sequence and a single base pair substitution in mtDNA as a unique mutational form. The partial mutational sites can be determined using this method which was characterized by combining the restriction mapping with the analysis for the table of human mtDNA potential mutational sites with rapidity and simplicity. In the meanwhile, six mtDNA mutational sites found in Chinese population were identified by means of this method.

关键词： human mitochondrial DNA mutational sites Chinese population.