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Response of carbohydrate metabolism-mediated sink strength to auxin in shoot tips of apple plants

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第2期21卷 422-433页

作者： SU Jing CUI Wei-fang ZHU Ling-cheng LI Bai-yun MA Feng-wang LI Ming-jun State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple/College of Horticulture Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China

Auxin(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) has a considerable impact on the regulation of plant carbohydrate levels and growth, but the mechanism by which it regulates sugar levels in plants has received little attention. In this study, we found that exogenous IAA altered fructose(Fru), glucose(Glc), and sucrose(Suc) concentrations in shoot tips mainly by regulating MdSUSY1, MdFRK2, MdHxK1 and MdSDH2 transcript levels. Additionally, we used 5-year-old ’Royal Gala’ apple trees to further verify that these genes play primary roles in regulating sink strength. The results showed that MdSUSY1, MdFRK2, MdHxK1/3 and MdSDH2 might be major contributors to sink strength regulation. Taken together, these results provide new insight into the regulation of the carbohydrate metabolism mechanism, which will be helpful for regulating sink strength and yield.

关键词： apple exogenous IAA carbohydrate metabolism sink strength shoot tips

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Grain sink strength Related to Carbon Staying in the Leaves of Hybrid Wheat XN901

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第5期8卷 546-555页

作者： GONG Yue-hua JI Xiao-hui GAO Jun-feng College of Life Science Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 P.R.China School of Chemistry and Environment Science Shaanxi University of Technology Hanzhong 723001 P.R.China

XN901 is a K-type three-line hybrid wheat with a high yield potential, and its leaves and stem remaining green during grain maturation, suggesting much assimilate stay in leaves and stem. The grain water content, grain volume, carbohydrate content, and enzyme activity of sucose metabolism in the grain, as well as source-sink relationship were studied in order to investigate the physiological reason of the assimilate remaining in leaves and stem at the late stage. The results showed that the hybrid grains had more water and soluble sugar, higher activities of acid invertase and sucrose synthase at the early stage that led to a faster expansion growth, greater grain volume and faster starch synthesis at the early to mid stage of grain development. Also it had a longer period for actively filling. As a result, the grain weight and yield of the hybrid were increased by 14 and 15% respectively compared to that of Shaan 229. Additionally, the biomass of XN901 was 41.7% more than that of control, but its harvest index was 9% lower than Shaan 229. However, its lower activity of sucrose synthase indicated a lower sink activity at the late stage, resulting in a slow rate of filling and starch synthesis. Also, the hybrid wheat XN901 had a large source-sink ratio. It is the main reason for much assimilate remaining in the straw at the late stage and lower harvest index. strengthening the sink activity and raising the harvest index should be the key means of improving the yield of hybrid wheat.

关键词： hybrid wheat stay-green sink strength sink activity sink size

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Removal of superior wheat kernels promotes filling of inferior kernels by changing carbohydrate metabolism and sink strength

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The Crop Journal 2021年第6期9卷 1375-1385页

作者： Jian Luo Zhui Li Fei Mo Yuncheng Liao Yang Liu College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina

Poor filling and low weight of inferior kernels limit the further improvement of wheat yield. Two cultivars, Shuangda 1 and Xinong 538, with different grain weights, were selected to investigate the physiological changes of inferior kernels by removal of superior kernels(RS) at the flowering stage. i TRAQ combined with physiological indexes was used to identify factors limiting the filling of inferior *** of superior kernels significantly increased the mean filling rate of inferior kernels and thus increased their weight. A set of 6012 proteins in inferior wheat kernels were differentially expressed between the RS and control. These differentially expressed proteins were involved mainly in carbon metabolism and energy metabolism. The main reason for the promoting effect of RS on the filling of inferior kernels may be that RS downregulated proteins involved in glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism while upregulating proteins involved in carbon fixation and photosynthesis. Consequently, RS greatly increased the ATP content in inferior kernels, supplying energy for them to absorb photosynthetic assimilates. Removal of superior kernels increased the activities of sucrose synthase, soluble starch synthase,adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, and starch branching enzyme in inferior kernels and promoted starch accumulation in them. Thus, RS promoted the filling of inferior kernels and increased their weight. The promoting effect of RS on starch synthesis in inferior kernels was associated with their endogenous IAA and ABA levels.

关键词： Inferior grain Grain filling Carbohydrate sink strength Wheat

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