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Transurethral resection of bladder tumor: A systematic review of simulator-based training courses and curricula

Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 1-9页

作者： Panagiotis Kallidonis Angelis Peteinaris Gernot Ortner Kostantinos Pagonis Costantinos Adamou Athanasios Vagionis Evangelos Liatsikos Bhaskar Somani Theodoros Tokas Department of Urology University Hospital of RionPatrasGreece Department of Urology and Andrology General Hospital Hall I.T.Hall in TirolAustria Medical University of Vienna ViennaAustria Department of Urology University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK

Objective:Transurethral resection of bladder tumor is one of the most common everyday urological procedures.This kind of surgery demands a set of skills that need training and experience.In this review,we aimed to investigate the current literature to find out if simulators,phantoms,and other training models could be used as a tool for teaching urologists.Methods:A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and the recommendations of the European Association of Urology guidelines for conducting systematic reviews.Fifteen out of 932 studies met our inclusion criteria and are presented in the current review.Results:The UroTrainer(Karl Storz GmbH,Tuttlingen,Germany),a virtual reality training simulator,achieved positive feedback and an excellent face and construct validity by the participants.The inspection of bladder mucosa,blood loss,tumor resection,and procedural time was improved after the training,especially for inexperienced urologists and medical students.The construct validity of UroSim®(VirtaMed,Zurich,Switzerland)was established.SIMBLA simulator(Samed GmbH,Dresden,Germany)was found to be a realistic and useful tool by experts and urologists with intermediate experience.The test objective competency model based on SIMBLA simulator could be used for evaluating urologists.The porcine model of the Asian Urological Surgery Training and Education Group also received positive feedback by the participants that tried it.The Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning Initiative Project had an extraordinary face and content validity,and 60%of participants would like to use the simulators in the future.The 5-day multimodal training curriculum“Boot Camp”in the United Kingdom achieved an increase of the level of confidence of the participants that lasted months after the project.Conclusion:simulators and courses or curricula based on a simulator training could be a valuable learning tool for any surgeon,and there is no doubt that they sh

关键词： simulator Train Curriculum Transurethral resection Vaporesection Laser Bladder

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scHi-CSim:a flexible simulator that generates high-fidelity single-cell Hi-C data for benchmarking

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2023年第1期15卷 27-40页

作者： Shichen Fan Dachang Dang Yusen Ye Shao-Wu Zhang Lin Gao Shihua Zhang School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China School of Automation Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China NCMIS CEMSRCSDSAcademy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeĳing 100190China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeĳing 100049China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China

Single-cell Hi-C technology provides an unprecedented opportunity to reveal chromatin structure in individual cells.However,high sequencing cost impedes the generation of biological Hi-C data with high sequencing depths and multiple replicates for downstream analysis.Here,we developed a single-cell Hi-C simulator(scHi-CSim)that generates high-fidelity data for benchmarking.scHi-CSim merges neighboring cells to overcome the sparseness of data,samples interactions in distance-stratified chromosomes to maintain the heterogeneity of single cells,and estimates the empirical distribution of restriction fragments to generate simulated data.We demonstrated that scHi-CSim can generate high-fidelity data by comparing the performance of single-cell clustering and detection of chromosomal high-order structures with raw data.Furthermore,scHi-CSim is flexible to change sequencing depth and the number of simulated replicates.We showed that increasing sequencing depth could improve the accuracy of detecting topologically associating domains.We also used scHi-CSim to generate a series of simulated datasets with different sequencing depths to benchmark scHi-C clustering methods.

关键词： single-cell Hi-C data simulator high-fidelity single-cell Hi-C clustering distance-stratified sampling benchmarking

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Effectiveness of the UroMentor virtual reality simulator in the skill acquisition of flexible cystoscopy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第11期126卷 2079-2082页

作者： ZHANG Yi LIU Jin-shun WANG Gang YU Cheng-fan ZHU He NA Yan-qun Wu Jieping Urology Center Peking University Shougang Hospital Beijing 100144 China Department of Urology People's Hospital Peking University Beijing 100044 China

Background Virtual reality （VR） has been recognized as a useful modality in the training of surgical skills. With respect to basic endoscopic skill training of urology, we sought to investigate the effectiveness of the UroMentorTM virtual reality simulator （VRS） in the skill acquisition of flexible cystoscopy. Methods Urologists familiar with rigid cystoscopy procedures were selected to take part in a virtual training course of flexible cystoscopy. Changes in total operating time, frequency of injury, number of digital markers inside the bladder, and the global rating scale （GRS） scores were assessed following eight repeated training sessions on the UroMentorTM. Results Eighteen urologists voluntarily took part in the study. Total operating time was significantly lower after eight sessions of training by comparison （（111±10） seconds and （511±67） seconds, respectively; P〈0.001）. Additionally, the frequency of injury decreased with training from （12±2） times to （5±1） times （P〈0.001）, while the number of digital markers observed increased from 9±0 to 10±1 （P=0.005）. Finally, training with the UroMentor^TM resulted in a GRS increase from （1.3±0.2） points to （3.9±0.2） points （P〈0.001）. Conclusion the VRS UroMentorTM can improve urologists＇ ability to perform flexible cystoscopy and could be used as an effective trainina tool for trainees.

关键词： flexible cystoscopy virtual reality simulator UroMentor^TM training

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Simsync: A Time Synchronization simulator for Sensor Networks

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自动化学报 2006年第6期32卷 1008-1014页

作者： XU Chao-Nong ZHAO Lei XU Yong-Jun LI Xiao-Wei Advanced Test Technology Lab Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 Department of Computer Science Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080

Time synchronization is a critical middleware service of wireless sensor networks. Researchers have already proposed some time synchronization algorithms. However, due to the demands for various synchronization precision, existing time synchronization algorithms often need to be adapted. So it is necessary to evaluate these adapted algorithms before use. Software simulation is a valid and quick way to do it. In this paper, we present a time synchronization simulator, Simsync, for wireless sensor networks. We decompose the packet delay into 6 delay components and model them separately. The frequency of crystal oscillator is modeled as Gaussian. To testify its effectiveness, we simulate the reference broadcast synchronization algorithm (RBS) and the timing-sync synchronization algorithm (TPSN) on Simsync. Simulated results are also presented and analyzed.

关键词： Time synchronization sensor networks simulator

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RTTRS: Rule-based Train Traffic Rescheduling simulator

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 1993年第4期4卷 73-81页

作者： Cheng YuKnowledge Data Base Laboratory, Japan Railway Technical Research Institute 2-8-38 Hikari-cho, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, 185, Japan Knowledge Data Base Laboratory Japan Railway Technical Research Institute 2-8-38 Hikari-cho Kokubunji-shi Tokyo 185 Japan

Train traffic rescheduling is a complicated and large-scaled combinatorial problem. According to the characteristics of China railway system and from the point of practical use, this paper introduces a rule-based train traffic reschedule interactive simulator. It can be used as a powerful training tool to train the dispatcher and to carry out experimental analysis. The production rules are used as the basic for describing the processes to be simulated. With the increase of rule, users can easily upgrade the simulator by adding their own rules.

关键词： simulator Rule-based system Train traffic reschedule.

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ReSSIM:a mixed-level simulator for dynamic coarse-grained reconfigurable processor

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2013年第6期56卷 137-152页

作者： LIU LeiBo JIA Wen YIN ShouYi WANG Dong SUN GuanYi TANG Eugene WEI ShaoJun Institute of Microelectronics and National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University Intel China Research Center

This paper proposes a mixed-level simulator for dynamic coarse-grained reconfigurable processor(CGRP),called ReSSIM(reconfigurable system simulation implementation mechanism),and the corresponding simulation tool-chain,including task compiler,profiler and debugger.A generic modeling methodology supporting convenient extension of on-chip modules is also proposed.In order to explore the details of the interested modules while maintaining reasonable simulation speed,RCA(reconfigurable computing array),the key reconfigurable device in ReSSIM,is modeled on cycle-accurate level,while the other modules are modeled on transaction level.The typical parameters of RCA are scalable and adjustable,which helps the architects to explore the massive details of the reconfigurable device.Experiment shows that simulation speedup achieved ranges from 9.26× to 18.39× compared with VCS(Synopsys verilog compiler simulator) when running three computingintensive kernel tasks of H.264 decoding algorithm-IDCT(inverse discrete cosine transform),deblocking and MC-chroma(motion compensation).Simulation speed for a set of real applications,such as MPEG4,G.729 and EFR,is 35× slower than the corresponding native executions(i.***.measured from the real chip).And the relative simulation errors are 11% less than the measured IPC(instructions per cycle) of the real chip.

关键词： CGRP RCA ReSSIM modeling simulator

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Efficacy of wet-lab training versus surgical-simulator training on performance of ophthalmology residents during chopping in cataract surgery

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第3期14卷 366-370页

作者： Ya-Guang Hu Qiu-Ping Liu Ning Gao Chang-Rui Wu Jian Zhang Li Qin Jing-Ming Li Department of Ophtalmology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710061Shaanxi ProvinceChina Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006Jiangxi ProvniceChina Department of Ophthalmology Shaanxi People's HospitalXi'an 710068Shaanxi ProvinceChina

AIM: To analyze whether wet-lab training(WLT) or surgical-simulator training(SST) is better for ophthalmology residents to master the chopping technique.METHODS: Sixty ophthalmology residents(in their second year) and three cataract surgeons participated in the study. The residents were randomly separated into two groups, WLT group and SST group. The residents in WLT group were asked to perform 10 trials of chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons, and then they performed and scored using simulator for one time. The residents in SST group underwent 10 trials of chopping using simulator, and the simulator scored each trail. Then, this group were asked to perform the chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons. At last, we investigated the residents’ satisfaction about the training.RESULTS: The demographic characteristics had no significant differences between the two groups. Recorded by the simulator, the residents in SST group got significantly higher overall score(83.90±1.31) than WLT group(78.73±1.92, P=0.03). And the residents in SST group got less corner area injured, and they spend less time than WLT group(P<0.05). Moreover, the residents in WLT group used more ultrasonic energy value than SST group(P=0.03). However, scored by the surgeons, the residents in two groups got nearly the same overall score. The residents in WLT group performed better on the frequencies of posterior capsule torn and incisional stress(P=0.03, 0.008, respectively). In the survey, the residents in two groups held the same opinion that the training was helpful and they strongly recommended this training. And all of them enjoyed the training, and enjoyed being randomized in their own group. However, with respect to the realistic character, the residents thought that WLT was better than SST(P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Both of the Eyesi surgical-stimulator and the wet-lab improve the residents’ chopping ability and each has its own advantages. The combination of the two training ways could be considered to be a part of the trai

关键词： chopping in cataract simulator wet-lab

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Optical adaptive filtering for Doppler shift simulator

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Optoelectronics Letters 2019年第5期15卷 330-334页

作者：侯佳庆姚远李金野刘海锋刘波林炜张昊 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology Institute of Modern Optics Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China

Based on free space laser communication, this article describes the working principle of electro-optical frequency shifting, designs an optical adaptive filtering module, and builds the core module of the dynamic optical Doppler shifting simulator for laser channel. It is expected to be applied to the heaven-ground integrated communication link. In this article, we adopt the electro-optical frequency shifting technique combined with the microwave-light wave. In the 1 550 nm band, the negative feedback algorithm is used to complete the adaptive filtering, which realizes optical Doppler frequency shifting and high-precision locking. The frequency shift range reaches +5.5-+32 GHz, and the analog precision is better than 645 Hz. When the microwave frequency is greater than 13.5 GHz, the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of the output optical power reaches 20 d B, which lays the foundation for the next stage space laser communication.

关键词： Optical adaptive filtering Doppler shift simulator signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)

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Assessing the Carrying Capacity of Tourist Resorts: An Application of Tourists’ Spatial Behavior simulator Based on GIS and Multi-Agent System

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2005年第4期10卷 779-784页

作者： ZHANG Ren-jun 1,2 1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China 2. Graduated School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan China Graduated School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Based on the study of visitors' individual spatial behaviors, a tourists'spatial behavior simulator (TSBS) to assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts was developed,TSBS employs GIS (Geographic Information System) to manage the spatial data,and Multi-Agent systemto simulate the actions of individual visitors. By utilizing TSBS, visitors' travel patterns such aslocation, cost, and state can be analyzed and predicted. Based on this analysis and prediction, themodel of assessing the carrying capacity of resorts is built. Our results show that TSBS will be aneffective tool to accurately assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts.

关键词： tourist resort carrying capacity TSBS GIS Multi-Agent simulator

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An Optimization Method for simulator Using Probability Statistic Model

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2006年第1期11卷 43-49页

作者：余洁周学海李曦王志刚 Dept.of Computer Science Univ. of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

An optimization method was presented to be easily applied in retargetable simulator. The substance of this method is to reduce the redundant information of operation code which is caused by the variety of execution frequencies of instructions. By recoding the operation code in the loading part of simulator, times of bit comparison in identification of an instruction will get reduced. Thus the performance of the simulator will be improved. The theoretical analysis and experimental results both prove the validity of this method.

关键词： simulator interpretive simulation adaptive statistic model

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