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Gibberellin signal transduction.in Rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第6期49卷 731-741页

作者： Liu-Min Fan Xiaoyan Feng Yu Wang Xing Wang Deng Peking-Yale Joint Center of Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-Biotechnology National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering College of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520-8104 USA

In the past decade, significant knowledge has accumulated regarding gibberellin （GA） signal transductlon In rice as a result of studies using multiple approaches, particularly molecular genetics. The present review highlights the recent developments In the identification of GA signaling pathway components, the discovery of GA-Induced destructlon of GA signaling repressor （DELLA protein）, and the possible mechanism underlying the regulation of GA- responsive gene expression in rice.

关键词： gene expression gibberellin protein degradation rice signal transduction.

Regulation between nitric oxide and MAPK signal transduction.in mammals

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第1期 2-10页

作者： TAO Yong 1,2, ZHANG Meijia 1, HONG Haiyan 1 and XIA Guoliang 1*(1. College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China 2. College of Animal Husbandry and Aquaticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China)

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important biological messenger in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. It exhibits a wide range of effects during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Typical beneficial properties of NO include the regulation of vascular tone, the protection of cells against apoptosis, the modulation of immune responses, and the killing of microbial pathogens. On the other hand, NO may cause severe vasodilation and myocardial depression during bacterial sepsis or act as a cytotoxic and tissue-damaging molecule in autoimmune diseases. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that are widely distributed in mammalian cells. MAPK cascade plays pivotal roles in gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, neuronal survival and programmed cell death under a variety of experimental conditions. MAPKs transduce the signal for the cellular response to extracellular stresses or stimuli. The relation between them, however, has never been reviewed. Based on our researches and other reports in the field, we review their reciprocal regulatory functions.

关键词： MAPK nitric oxide nitric oxide synthase signal transduction.

Cell Polarity signaling： Focus on Polar Auxin Transport

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Molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 899-909页

作者： Xiaowei Gao Shingo Nagawa Genxuan Wang Zhenbiao Yang Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Agroeology at Lanzhou University Ministry of Education Lanzhou 730000 China CAU-UCR Joint Center for Biological Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Science University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA College of Life Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Polar auxin transport, which is required for the formation of auxin gradients and directional auxin flows that are critical for plant pattern formation, morphogenesis, and directional growth response to vectorial cues, is mediated by polarized sub-cellular distribution of PIN-FORMED Proteins （PINs, auxin efflux carriers）, AUX1/AUXI-like proteins （auxin influx facilitators）, and multidrug resistance P-glycoproteins （MDR/PGP）. Polar localization of these proteins is controlled by both developmental and environmental cues. Recent studies have revealed cellular （endocytosis, transcytosis, and endosomal sorting and recycling） and molecular （PINOID kinase, protein phosphatase 2A） mechanisms underlying the polar distribution of these auxin transport proteins. Both TIR1-mediated auxin signaling and TIRl-independent auxinmediated endocytosis have been shown to regulate polar PIN localization and auxin flow, implicating auxin as a selforganizing signal in directing polar transport and directional flows.

关键词： PIN proteins PINOID ROP GTPases polarity protein traffic and secretion signal transduction.

Rice Gene Network Inferred from Expression Profiling of Plants Overexpressing OsWRKY13, a Positive Regulator of Disease Resistance

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Molecular Plant 2008年第3期1卷 538-551页

作者： Deyun Qiu Jun Xiao Weibo Xie Hongbo Liu Xianghua Li Lizhong Xiong Shiping Wang National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070 China

Accumulating information indicates that plant disease resistance signaling pathways frequently interact with other pathways regulating developmental processes or abiotic stress responses. However, the molecular mechanisms of these types of crosstalk remain poorly understood in most cases. Here we report that OsWRKY13, an activator of rice resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens, appears to function as a convergent point for crosstalk among the pathogen-induced salicylate-dependent defense pathway and five other physiologic pathways. Genome-wide analysis of the expression profiles of OsWRKY13-overexpressing lines suggests that OsWRKY13 directly or indirectly regulates the expression of more than 500 genes that are potentially involved in different physiologic processes according to the classification of the Gene Ontology database. By comparing the expression patterns of genes functioning in known pathways or cellular processes of pathogen infection and the phenotypes between OsWRKY13-overexpressing and wildtype plants, our data suggest that OsWRKY13 is also a regulator of other physiologic processes during pathogen infection. The OsWRKY13-associated disease resistance pathway synergistically interacts via OsWRKY13 with the glutathione/ glutaredoxin system and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway to monitor redox homeostasis and to putatively enhance the biosynthesis of antimicrobial flavonoid phytoalexins, respectively, in OsWRKY13-overexpressing lines. Meanwhile, the OsWRKY13-associated disease resistance pathway appears to interact antagonistically with the SNACl-mediated abiotic stress defense pathway, jasmonic acid signaling pathway, and terpenoid metabolism pathway via OsWRKY13 to suppress salt and cold defense responses as well as to putatively retard rice growth and development.

关键词： abiotic stress bacterial blight microarray Oryza sativa signal transduction.

Calcineurin-B-Like Protein CBL9 Interacts with Target Kinase CIPK3 in the Regulation of ABA Response in Seed Germination

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Molecular Plant 2008年第2期1卷 238-248页

作者： Girdhar K. Pandey John J. Grant Yong Hwa Cheong Beom-Gi Kim Le Gong Li Sheng Luan Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Department of Plant Molecular Biology University of Delhi South Campus Benito Juarez Road New Delhi-110021 India Present address: Department of Bio-Environmental Science Sunchon National University Suncheon Jeonnam 540-742 Korea Present address: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biochemistry National institute of Agricultural Biotechnology Suwon 441-707 Korea

Calcium plays a vital role as a second messenger in many signaling pathways in plants. The calcineurin B-like proteins （CBLs） represent a family of plant calcium-binding proteins that function in calcium signaling by interacting with their interacting protein kinases （CIPKs）. In our previous study, we have reported a role for one of the CBLs （CBL9） and one of the CIPKs （CIPK3） in ABA signaling. Here, we have shown that CBL9 and CIPK3 physically and functionally interact with each other in regulating the ABA responses. The CBL9 and CIPK3 proteins interacted with each other in the yeast two- hybrid system and when expressed in plant cells. The double mutant cbl9cipk3 showed the similar hypersensitive response to ABA as observed in single mutants （cbl9 or cipk3）. The constitutively active form of CIPK3 genetically complemented the cbl9 mutant, indicating that CIPK3 function downstream of CBL9. Based on these findings, we conclude that CBL9 and CIPK3 act together in the same pathway for regulating ABA responses.

关键词： ABA calcium CBL CIPK osmotic stress signal transduction.

Overexpression of SOS （Salt Overly Sensitive） Genes Increases Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2009年第1期2卷 22-31页

作者： Qing Yang State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China The National Center for Plant Gene Research Beijing China University of California-Riverside-China Agricultural University Joint Center for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology Beijing 100193 China Department of Botany and Plant Sciences Institute for Integrative Genome Biology 2150 Batchelor Hall University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that decreases plant growth and productivity. Recently, it was reported that plants overexpressing AtNHX1 or SOS1 have significantly increased salt tolerance. To test whether overexpression of multiple genes can improve plant salt tolerance even more, we produced six different transgenic Arabidopsis plants that overexpress AtNHX1, SOS3, AtNHX1 ＋ SOS3, SOS1, SOS2 ＋ SOS3, or SOS1 ＋ SOS2 ＋ SOS3. Northern blot analyses con- firmed the presence of high levels of the relevant gene transcripts in transgenic plants. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtNHX1 alone did not present any significant increase in salt tolerance, contrary to earlier reports. We found that transgenic plants overexpressing SOS3 exhibit increased salt tolerance similar to plants overexpressing SOS1. Moreover, salt tolerance of transgenic plants overexpressing AtNHX1 ＋ SO53, SOS2 ＋ SOS3, or SOS1 ＋ SOS2 ＋ SOS3, respectively, appeared similar to the tolerance of transgenic plants overexpressing either SOS1 or SO53 alone.

关键词： abiotic/environmental stress salinity signal transduction.

OsDMI3 Is a Novel Component of Abscisic Acid signaling in the Induction of Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Rice

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1359-1374页

作者： Ben Shi Lan Ni Aying Zhang Jianmei Cao Hong Zhang Tingting Qin Mingpu Tan Jianhua Zhang Mingyi-Jiang College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina

Ca^2＋ and calmodulin （CAM） have been shown to play an important role in abscisic acid （ABA）-induced anti- oxidant defense. However, it is unknown whether Ca^2＋/CaM-dependent protein kinase （CCaMK） is involved in the pro- cess. In the present study, the role of rice CCaMK, OsDMI3, in ABA-induced antioxidant defense was investigated in leaves of rice （Oryza sativa） plants. Treatments with ABA, H2O2, and polyethylene glycol （PEG） induced the expression of OsDMI3 and the activity of OsDMI3, and H2O2 is required for the ABA-induced increases in the expression and the activity of OsDMI3 under water stress. Subcellular localization analysis showed that OsDMI3 is located in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, and the plasma membrane. The analysis of the transient expression of OsDMI3 in rice protoplasts and the RNA interference （RNAi） silencing of OsDMI3 in rice protoplasts showed that OsDMI3 is required for ABA-induced increases in the expression and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT）. Further, the oxidative damage induced by higher concentrations of PEG and H202 was aggravated in the mutant of OsDMI3. Moreover, the analysis of the RNAi silencing of OsDMI3 in protoplasts and the mutant of OsDMI3 showed that higher levels of H2O2 accumulation require OsDMI3 activation in ABA signaling, but the initial H2O2 production induced by ABA is not depend- ent on the activation of OsDMI3 in leaves of rice plants. Our data reveal that OsDMI3 is an important component in ABA-induced antioxidant defense in rice.

关键词： OsDMI3 abscisic acid antioxidant defense H202 oxidative stress signal transduction.

Origin of the neuro-sensory system: new and expected insights from sponges

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第3期4卷 294-308页

作者： EMMANUELLE RENARD Jean VACELET Eve GAZAVE Pascal LAPéBIE Carole BORCHIELLINI Alexander V.ERESKOVSKY Centre d’océanologie de Marseille CNRS–Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance Department of Embryology Saint-Petersburg State UniversitySt.PetersburgRussia

The capacity of all cells to respond to stimuli implies the conduction of information at least over short *** multicellular organisms,more complex systems of integration and coordination of activities are *** most animals,the processing of information is performed by a nervous *** the most basal taxa,sponges are nerveless so that it is traditionally assumed that the integrated neuro-sensory system originated only once in Eumetazoa,a hypothesis not in agreement with some recent phylogenomic *** aim of this review is to show that recent data on sponges might provide clues for understanding the origin of this complex ***,sponges are able to react to external stimuli,and some of them display spontaneous movement *** coordinated behaviors involve nervous system-like mechanisms,such as action potentials and/or ***,genomic analyses show that sponges possess genes orthologous to those involved in the patterning or function-ing of the neuro-sensory system in ***,some of these genes are expressed in specific cells(flask cells,choanocytes).Together with ultrastructural data,this gives rise to challenging hypotheses concerning cell types that might play neuro-sensory-like roles in sponges.

关键词： animal evolution choanocyte flask cells nervous system Porifera signal transduction.

The involvement of p38 MAPK in transforming growth factor β1-induced apoptosis in murine hepatocytes

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Cell Research 2001年第2期11卷 89-94页

作者： LIAO JIN HUI, JUN SONG CHEN, MIN QIANG CHAI, SHENG ZHAO, JIAN GUO SONG State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shan State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

We reported in this manuscript that TGF-β1 induces apoptosis in AML12 murine hepatocytes, which is associated with the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. SB202190, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, strongly inhibited the TGF-β1-induced apoptosis and PAI-1 promoter activity. Treatment of cells with TGF-β1 activates p38. Furthermore, over-expression of dominant negative mutant p38 also reduced the TGF-β1-induced apoptosis. The data indicate that the activation of p38 is involved in TGF-β1-mediated gene expression and apoptosis.

关键词： Transforming growth factor β apoptosis p38 hepatocyte signal transduction.