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Linguistics Grappling with the “Oddness” of signs

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2022年第1期8卷 37-44页

作者： Ecaterina Bulea Bronckart University of Geneva Switzerland

In the last two decades of his career,Saussure continually tried to clarify the status of signs,considering however that it was an “absurd task” attacking this “odd entity” consisting of the association of two heterogeneous species.In his Course II Saussure showed that the semiological character of this entity does not derive from the properties of the material used but from the differential relations that this entity has with other coexisting entities.Previously,in the notes of La double essence,he had demonstrated that the internal link on which signs are based is “of a highly peculiar kind”,that is to say,totally unnatural.In this paper,we show the very important theoretical and methodological implications of this reversal of perspective,which consists in posing the psychic associative union in its entirety.

关键词： double essence form meaning semiology sign

Biosemiotics and Peirce

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2023年第2期9卷 143-162页

作者： Tony Jappy University of Perpignan Via Domitia PerpignanFrance

Peirce's final statements on the sign were consigned in various ways over a hundred years ago as a form of logic,a branch of the science of enquiry based upon observation.This means inevitably that some parts of the theory will have been contested or considered superseded by more recent pronouncements on cognitive activity in general,both within and without the field of semiotics.Two such areas that have been host to innovative developments concern central preoccupations of the entire Peircean edifice:the basic unit of semiotics and its function,and ways of looking.First,following Thomas Sebeok's pioneering integration of semiotics and the biological theories of Jakob von Uexkull,biosemiotics,it is claimed,has espoused a Peircean approach to the definitions of sign and semiosis.Second,observation involves the relation between the observer and the object observed,and,as a theoretical consequence,the relation between an organism and its environment,von Uexkill's Umwelt.In view of the importance accorded Peircean semiotic theory in this more recent science,the paper compares and contrasts aspects of the later theory with the earlier,and concludes that there are significant theoretical differences between the two conceptions of the sign and its theoretical implications.

关键词： biosemiotics observation Peirce perception semiosis sign

Alleviation by abscisic acid of Al toxicity in rice bean is not associated with citrate efflux but depends on ABI5-mediated signal transduction pathways

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第2期61卷 140-154页

作者： Wei Fan Jia Meng Xu Pei Wu Zhi Xin Yang He Qiang Lou Wei Wei Chen Jian Fen Jin Shao Jian Zheng Jian Li Yang College of Resources and Environment Yunan Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Institute of Life Sciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University

Under conditions of aluminum(Al) toxicity,which severely inhibits root growth in acidic soils, plants rapidly alter their gene expression to optimize physiological fitness for survival. Abscisic acid(ABA) has been suggested as a mediator between Al stress and gene expression, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here,we investigated ABA-mediated Al-stress responses, using integrated physiological and molecular biology approaches.We demonstrate that Al stress caused ABA accumulation in the root apex of rice bean(Vigna umbellata [Thunb.] Ohwi &Ohashi), which positively regulated Al tolerance. However,this was not associated with known Al-tolerance mechanisms. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that nearly one-third of the responsive genes were shared between the Al-stress and ABA treatments. We further identified a transcription factor, ABI5, as being positively involved in Al tolerance. Arabidopsis abi5 mutants displayed increased sensitivity to Al, which was not related to the regulation of AtALMT1 and AtMATE expression. Functional categorization of ABI5-mediated genes revealed the importance of cell wall modification and osmoregulation in Al tolerance, a finding supported by osmotic stress treatment on Al tolerance. Our results suggest that ABA signal transduction pathways provide an additional layer of regulatory control over Al tolerance in plants.

关键词： Alleviation by abscisic acid of Al toxicity in rice bean is not associated with citrate efflux but depends on ABI5-mediated sign ABA Figure ABI

Effect of perforation on flow past a conic cylinder at Re =100: wavy vortex and sign laws

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2018年第5期34卷 812-829页

作者： L.M.Lin X.F.Zhong Y.X.Wu Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Engineering Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In order to find the intrinsic physical mechanism of the original Kármán vortex wavily distorted across the span due to the introduction of three-dimensional (3-D) geometric disturbances,a flow past a peak-perforated conic shroud is numerically simulated at a Reynolds number of 100.Based on previous work by Meiburg and Lasheras (1988),the streamwise and vertical interactions with spanwise vortices are introduced and analyzed.Then vortex-shedding patterns in the near wake for different flow regimes are reinspected and illustrated from the view of these two interactions.Generally,in regime Ⅰ,spanwise vortices are a little distorted due to the weak interaction.Then in regime Ⅱ,spanwise vortices,even though curved obviously,are still shed synchronously with moderate streamwise and vertical interactions.But in regime Ⅲ,violently wavy spanwise vortices in some vortex-shedding patterns,typically an Ω-type vortex,are mainly attributed to the strong vertical interactions,while other cases,such as multiple vortex-shedding patterns in sub-regime Ⅲ-D,are resulted from complex streamwise and vertical interactions.A special phenomenon,spacial distribution of streamwise and vertical components of vorticity with specific signs in the near wake,is analyzed based on two models of streamwise and vertical vortices in explaining physical reasons of top and bottom shear layers wavily varied across the span.Then these two models and above two interactions are unified.Finally two sign laws are summarized:the first sign law for streamwise and vertical components of vorticity is positive in the upper shear layer,but negative in the lower shear layer,while the second sign law for three vorticity components is always negative in the wake.

关键词： Vortex-shedding pattern Flow control Vortex dynamics Conic disturbance Perforation sign law

Mechanism of wavy vortex and sign laws in flow past a bluff body:vortex-induced vortex

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第1期35卷 1-14,I0001页

作者： L.M.Lin S.Y.Shi X.F.Zhong Y.X.Wu Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Engineering Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

As reported in a previous work by Lin et al.(Acta Meeh Sin, 2018. https://***/10.1007/s 10409-018-0758-z), an interesting phenomenon was discovered based on the analysis of wavy vortex and vorticity distribution in the shear layers and near wake of a peak-perforated conic shroud, and two sign laws were summarized. In the present paper, the theory of a vortex-induced vortex is introduced to explore mechanisms in a wavy vortex and applicable sign laws for uniform and incompressible flow past a fixed bluff body. Based on the analysis of the nearest-wall How, two vortex-induced models for streamwise and vertical vortex pairs, respectively, are proposed under two boundary cases, denoting the induced vorticity introduced or distributed on and near the walls. As a result, the first sign law, for only streamwise and vertical components of vorticity, and the second sign law, for three components of vorticity, are obtained under their own particular conditions. The first sign law reveals the intrinsic physical relationship between streamwise and vertical vorticities, independent of the distribution of spanwise vortices in the whole flow field. It is also confirmed that the spanwise vortices, as well as the shear layers and wake width, distributed wavily across the span, are attributed to the introduced streamwise or vertical vortices. The two sign laws for vorticity are independent of the disturbed spanwise wavelength and the Reynolds number. Through the analysis of flow past the conic shroud, the two sign laws are successfully used to summarize typical spacial distributions of vorticity in three flow regions: on and near the front cylinder surfaces, the separated shear layers and the near wake.

关键词： Wavy vortex sign law Vortex-induced vortex Wake Bluff body

sign changes of Fourier coefficients of Maass eigenforms

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Science China Mathematics 2010年第1期53卷 243-250页

作者： QU Yan1,21School of Mathematics,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China 2Institut lie Cartan,Universit Nancy 1,B.P. 70239,F-54506,France School of Mathematics Shandong University Jinan China Institut Élie Cartan Université Nancy 1 Nancy France

Let f be a Maass eigenform that is a new form of level N on Γ0(N),with Laplace eigenvalue 1/4 + νf2 . Then,all its Fourier coefficients {λf(n)}∞n=1 are real,and we may normalize so that λf (1) = 1. It is proved,in this paper,that the first sign change in the sequence {λf(n)}n∞=1 occurs at some n satisfying n《{(3+|νf|2)N }1/2-δ and (n,N)=1. This generalizes the previous results for holomorphic Hecke eigenforms.

关键词： Maass cusp form Fourier coefficient sign change

An Inception Module CNN Classifiers Fusion Method on Pulmonary Nodule Diagnosis by signs

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2020年第3期25卷 368-383页

作者： Guangyuan Zheng Guanghui Han Nouman Qadeer Soomro the Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Technology School of Computer Science and TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China the School of Information Technology Shangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiu 476000China the School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China the Department of Software Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and TechnologySZAB CampusKhairpur Mir's66020Pakistan

A "sign" on a lung CT image refers to a radiologic finding that suggests a pathological progression of some specific disease. Analysis of CT signs is helpful to understand the pathological origin of the lesion. In-depth study of lung nodules classification with different CT signs will help to distinguish benign and malignant nodules more clearly and accurately. To this end, we propose an Inception module-based ensemble classification method for pulmonary nodule diagnosis with different nodule signs. We first construct a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) classifier adopting Inception modules and pre-train it on ImageNet. We then fine-tune this pre-trained classifier on 10 different lung nodule sign sample sets, and fuse these 10 classifiers with an artificial immune ensemble algorithm. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of our proposed Artificial Immune Algorithm-based Inception Networks Fusion(AIA-INF) algorithm are 82.22%, 93.17%, and 88.67%, respectively, which are significantly higher than those of the alternative Bagging and Boosting methods. The experimental results show that our Inception-based ensemble classifier offers promising performance, and compared with other CADx systems, this scheme can offer a more detailed reference for diagnosis, and can be valuable for junior radiologist training.

关键词： sign lung cancer pulmonary nodule Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) Artificial Immune Algorithm(AIA)

Simulation of cohesive crack growth by a variable-node XFEM

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 215-228页

作者： Weihua FANG Jiangfei WU Tiantang YU Thanh-Tung NGUYEN Tinh Quoc BUI Nanjing Automation Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydrology Nanjing 210012China Department of Engineering Mechanics Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Laboratory of Solid Structures University of LuxembourgLuxembourg L-1359Luxembourg Institute for Research and Development Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang City 550000Vietnam Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo 152-8552Japan

A new computational approach that combines the extended finite element method associated with variable-node elements and cohesive zone model is developed.By using a new enriched technique based on sign function,the proposed model using 4-node quadrilateral elements can eliminate the blending element problem.It also allows modeling the equal stresses at both sides of the crack in the crack-tip as assumed in the cohesive model,and is able to simulate the arbitrary crack-tip location.The multiscale mesh technique associated with variable-node elements and the arc-length method further improve the efficiency of the developed approach.The performance and accuracy of the present approach are illustrated through numerical experiments considering both mode-I and mixed-mode fracture in concrete.

关键词： extended finite element method cohesive zone model sign function crack propagation

A three-stage real-time detector for traffic signs in large panoramas

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Computational Visual Media 2019年第4期5卷 403-416页

作者： Yizhi Song Ruochen Fan Sharon Huang Zhe Zhu Ruofeng Tong Department of Computer Science Purdue University305 N.University StreetWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Information Sciences and Technology Penn State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Radiology Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27705USA College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310007China

Traffic sign detection is one of the key components in autonomous driving.Advanced autonomous vehicles armed with high quality sensors capture high definition images for further analysis.Detecting traffic signs,moving vehicles,and lanes is important for localization and decision making.Traffic signs,especially those that are far from the camera,are small,and so are challenging to traditional object detection methods.In this work,in order to reduce computational cost and improve detection performance,we split the large input images into small blocks and then recognize traffic signs in the blocks using another detection module.Therefore,this paper proposes a three-stage traffic sign detector,which connects a Block Net with an RPN–RCNN detection network.Block Net,which is composed of a set of CNN layers,is capable of performing block-level foreground detection,making inferences in less than 1 ms.Then,the RPN–RCNN two-stage detector is used to identify traffic sign objects in each block;it is trained on a derived dataset named TT100 KPatch.Experiments show that our framework can achieve both state-of-the-art accuracy and recall;its fastest detection speed is 102 fps.

关键词： traffic sign detection real time