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Energy absorption potential of concrete floors containing secondary （shrinkage and temperature） reinforcements

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014年第3期8卷 282-291页

作者： K. S. SIVAKUMARAN R. M. KOROL Xiao FAN Department of Civil Engineering McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada

This paper experimentally investigates the namely, normal density concrete and structural low-density energy absorption potential of two types of concrete floors, concrete, containing secondary （shrinkage and temperature） reinforcements. The test program considered the following secondary reinforcements： 1） traditional welded-wire steel mesh, 2） steel fiber and 3） poly composite fiber. To estimate the extent to which crushing of floor slab materials would help absorb energy, a series of concrete penetration tests employing patch loading was undertaken on scaled down model slabs. Each concrete-secondary reinforcement combination considered slabs of 50 mm in depth with square plan dimensions ranging from 50 to 500 mm, resulting in a total of 30 test specimens. The first part of the paper discusses the test specimens, the test setup, and the test procedure. The second part of the paper presents the experimental results and establishes the energy absorption of different concrete- secondary reinforcement combinations. sieve analysis results of the crushed specimens were used to derive a ＂work index＂ value that relates the pulverized particle size distributions to energy inputs. The work index values of concrete-secondary reinforcement systems can be used to assess the energy dissipation potential associated with such floor slabs in buildings undergoing progressive collapse. The results indicate that floors with secondary reinforcements could play an important role in helping arrest global progressive collapse.

关键词： concrete floors structural low-density concrete shrinkage and temperature reinforcements energy absorption,penetration tests sieve analysis

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Effect of Moisture Content and Feed Rate on Size Reduction of Pearl Millet

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2011年第2期1卷 93-99页

作者： S. Balasubramanian R. Sharma S. R. Vii ay Kumar Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology Ludhiana 141004 Punjab India College of Agricultural Engineering UAS Raichur 584102 Karnataka India

Pearl millet at various moisture content （6.2, 9.4 and 12.3%, d.b.） and feed rates （3, 6 and 9 kg/h） was ground using hammer mill and its physical properties viz. arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, thousand grain weight, aspect ratio, specific surface area, surface area and bulk density were studied. sieve analysis results showed that the increase in moisture content produced more medium sized particles with decreased percent weight retained in pan. Bond＇s work index, Kick＇s constant and average particle size were increased with the decrease in total surface area at higher moisture levels. The highest energy （2.34 KWh/kg） was consumed for 12.3% moisture content. Various grinding characteristics were significantly affected by moisture content and feed rate either individually or in combination and correlated in terms of Bond＇s work index, Kick＇s constant, total surface area, average particle size, effectiveness of milling and bulk density. Milling loss was found to be higher at lower moisture level and decreased with the increase of moisture content as well as feed rate. The loose and compact bulk density was ranged between 46.8-199.5 kg m^-3and 53.5-254.1 kg m^-3, respectively among the entire sieve fractions. Water absorption capacity increased with the decrease in particle size,

关键词： Pearl millet grinding size reduction particle size sieve analysis hammer mill moisture content.

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Investigation on the Motion and Discharge Processes of Granular Sulphur in Storage Silo at Granulation Unit of South Pars Gas Complex

Investigation on the Motion and Discharge Processes of Granu...

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第四届国际机械工程与力学会议

作者： A.Rahi R.Moradifa M.H.Kadiva Department of Mechanical Engineering Islamic Azad University Department of Mechanical Engineering Shiraz University

The numerical simulation of silo discharge processes including flow-ability and dynamic interactions between the silo filling and the elastic silo walls of granular Sulphur and its relation to silo blockage at South Pars Gas Complex Phases 2 ＆ 3 have been investigated in this article. Solid elemental Sulphur is a relatively hard, friable crystalline material that tends to break up into smaller particles when subjected to force or stress of any magnitude. Conglomeration of the dust so produced clogs storage silos, making truck loading difficult. Grain size selection is based on the "friability value" and "maximum entropy" for granules in a static state. The model of the behavior of confined granular sulphur is based on the principle of continuum mechanics. Granules were formed by feeding liquid sulphur and water to a rotating granulation drum. Sample granules were classified into different size fractions （300 μm - 4.75 mm） by sieve analysis, and friability tests were done by the Fines 28-inch tumbler S5-77 test. Friability and granule size data collected over four years were studied. The implication of field analysis and laboratory tests is that the granule size should be controlled during sulphur solidification while ensuring that only granular material with the correct mechanical characteristics is stored in the silo and shipped.

关键词： Granular sulphur Storage silo sieve analysis Flow-ability Size distribution

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