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Response to lipopolysaccharide in Octodon degus pups produces age-related sickness behavior but does not have effects in juveniles

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第3期14卷 235-247页

作者： Natalia RAMIREZ-OTAROLA Janyra ESPINOZA Alexis M.KALERGIS Pablo SABAT Department of Ecological Sciences Science FacultyUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Millennium Institute Immunology and Immunotherapy Departamento de Genética Molecular y MicrobiologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Departamento de Endocrinología Facultad de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Department of Ecology Center of Applied Ecology&SustainabilityBiological Sciences FacultyPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile

During vertebrate development,the immune function is inefficient and is mainly controlled by innate *** there have been detailed studies of various aspects of innate immune function,the effects of this function in the growth of vertebrates is still not well ***,there is little information regarding how early endotoxin exposure would affect juvenile phenotypes,specifically in a non-model mammal like a precocial *** evaluated the response to an antigen and its cost in offspring of the rodent Octodon *** inoculated pups at 4 different ages(8,15,22 and 30 days after birth)with an antigen to determine the ontogeny and costs of the response to an *** assessed changes in body mass,body temperature,sickness behavior and the levels of a key mediator of the inflammatory response,the cytokine interleukin-1β.We also determined the effects of early endotoxin exposure on the resting metabolic rate of juvenile animals(i.e.90 days after birth).The cytokine levels,body mass and body temperature were unaffected by time of inoculation and ***,pups subjected to inoculation at 22 days after birth with the antigen showed reduced loco*** resting metabolic rate was not affected by early endotoxin *** results suggest that the magnitude of *** responses would not change with *** discuss whether the lack of effect of the response on body mass or body condition is caused by environmental variables or by the precocial characteristics of ***.

关键词： acute phase response ecoimmunology lipopolysaccharide precocial sickness behavior

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Cuticular bacteria appear detrimental to social spiders in mixed but not monoculture exposure

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 377-384页

作者： Carl N. KEISER Taylor A. SHEARER lexander E. DEMARCO Hayley A. BRITTINGHAM Karen A. KNUTSON Candice Kuo Katherine ZHAO Jonathan N. PRUITT Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA

Much of an animal＇s health status, life history, and behavior are dictated by interactions with its endogenous and exogenous bacterial communities. Unfortunately, interactions between hosts and members of their resident bacterial community are often ignored in animal behavior and behavioral ecology. Here, we aim to identify the nature of host-microbe interactions in a nonmodel organism, the African social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. We collected and identified bacteria from the cuticles of spiders in situ and then exposed spiders to bacterial monocultures cultures via topical application or injection. We also topically inoculated spiders with a concomitant ＂cocktail＂ of bacteria and measured the behavior of spiders daily for 24 days after inoculation. Lastly, we collected and identified bacteria from the cuticles of prey items in the capture webs of spiders, and then fed spiders domestic crickets which had been injected with these bacteria. We also injected 1 species of prey-borne bacteria into the hemolymph of spiders. Only Bacillus thuringiensis caused increased mortality when injected into the hemolymph of spiders, whereas no bacterial monocultures caused increased mortality when applied topically, relative to control solutions. However, a bacterial cocktail of cuticular bacteria caused weight loss and mortality when applied topically, yet did not detectibly alter spider behavior. Consuming prey injected with prey-borne bacteria was associated with an elongated lifespan in spiders. Thus, indirect evidence from multiple experiments suggests that the effects of these bacteria on spider survivorship appear contingent on their mode of colonization and whether they are applied in monoculture or within a mixed cocktail. We urge that follow-up studies should test these host-microbe interactions across different social contexts to determine the role that microbes play in colony performance.

关键词： cuticular bacteria sickness behavior social spider Stegodyphus dumicola.

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Effects of immune activation on the retrieval of spatial memory

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2010年第5期26卷 355-364页

作者：黄振波王皓饶秀茸梁涛许晶蔡祥胜盛国庆中国科学院广州生物医药与健康研究院华南干细胞与再生医学研究所中国科学院再生生物学重点实验室

Objective It has been shown that there are extensive interactions between the central nervous system and the immune *** present study focused on the effects of lipopolysaccharide（LPS）on memory retrieval,to explore the interaction between immune activation and *** C57BL/6J mice（8 weeks old）were first trained in the Morris water maze to reach asymptotic *** mice were tested 24 h after the last training session and LPS was administered（1.25 mg/kg,i.p.）4 h prior to the *** retrieval of spatial memory was tested by probe trial,and the time spent in the target quadrant and the number of platform location crosses were *** was performed to detect interleukin-1β（IL-1β）protein level in the hippocampus of mice tested in the water *** Although LPS induced overt sickness behavior and a significant increase in the level of IL-1β in the hippocampus of mice,there was no significant difference in the time spent in the target quadrant or in the number of platform location crosses between LPS-treated and control groups in the probe trial *** Immune activation induced by LPS does not impair the retrieval of spatial memory.

关键词： lipopolysaccharide immune activation sickness behavior hippocampus interleukin-1β Morris water maze spatial memory memory retrieval

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