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Identification and Functional Analysis of Three MAX2 Orthologs in Chrysanthemum

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第5期55卷 434-442页

作者： Lili Dong Abdurazak Ishak Jing Yu Ruiyan Zhao Liangjun Zhao Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture China Agricultural University

MORE AXILLARY branching.2 （MAX2）, initially identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, is a key regulatory gene in strigolactone signal transduction. Three orthologs of MAX2 were cloned from Dendranthema grandiflorum （DgMAX2a, b, and c）. Each of the genes has an open reading frame of 2,049 bp and encodes 682 amino acid proteins. The predicted amino acid sequences of the three DgMAX2s are most closely related to the MAX2 orthologs identified in petunia （PhMAX2A and PhMAX2B）, and display the highest amino acid sequence similarity with PhMAX2A compared to other MAX2s. Expression analysis revealed that DgMAX2s are predominantly expressed in the stem and axillary buds. On a cellular level, we localized the DgMAX2a：：GFP fusion protein to the nucleus in onion epidermal cells, which is consistent with the nuclear localization of MAX2 in Arabidopsis. The chrysanthemum DgMAX2a is able to restore the max2–1 mutant branching.to wild-type （WT） Arabidopsis, suggesting that it is a functional MAX2 ortholog. These results suggest that DgMAX2s may be candidate genes for reducing the shoot branching.of chrysanthemum.

关键词： Arabidopsis DgMAX2 chrysanthemum nuclear localized shoot branching.

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Dynamics of Strigolactone Function and shoot branching.Responses in Pisum sativum

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 128-140页

作者： Elizabeth A. Dun Alexandre de Saint Germain Catherine Rameau Christine A. Beveridge The University of Queensland School of Biological Sciences St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech F-78000 Versailles France

Strigolactones （SLs）, or their metabolites, were recently identified as endogenous inhibitors of shoot branch- ing. However, certain key features and dynamics of SL action remained to be physiologically characterized. Here we show that successive direct application of SL to axillary buds at every node along the stem can fully inhibit branching. The SL inhibition of early outgrowth did not require inhibitory signals from other growing buds or the shoot tip. In add- ition to this very early or initial suppression of outgrowth, we also found SL to be effective, up to a point, at moderating the continuing growth of axillary branches. The effectiveness of SL at affecting bud and branch growth correlated with the ability of SL to regulate expression of PsBRC1. PsBRC1 is a transcription factor that is expressed strongly in axillary buds and is required for SL inhibition of shoot branching. Consistent with a dynamic role of the hormone, SL inhibition of bud growth did not prevent buds from later responding to a decapitation treatment, even though SL treatment immediately after decapitation inhibits the outgrowth response. Also, as expected from the hypothesized branching.control network in plants, treatment of exogenous SL caused feedback down-regulation of SL biosynthesis genes within 2 h. Altogether, these results reveal new insights into the dynamics of SL function and support the premise that SLs or SL-derived metabolites function dynamically as a shoot branching.hormone and that they act directly in axillary buds.

关键词： hormonal regulation dormancy shoot branching.

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MicroRNA171c-Targeted SCL6-Ⅱ, SCL6-Ⅲ, and SCL6-Ⅳ Genes Regulate shoot branching.in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2010年第5期3卷 794-806页

作者： Long Wang Yan-Xia Mai Yan-Chun Zhang Qian Luo Hong-Quan Yang National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are -21-nucleotide noncoding RNAs that play critical roles in regulating plant growth and development through directing the degradation of target mRNAs. Axillary meristem activity, and hence shoot branching. is influenced by a complicated network that involves phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin, and strigolactone. GAI, RGA, and SCR （GRAS） family members take part in a variety of developmental processes, including axillary bud growth. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana microRNA171c （miR171c） acts to negatively regulate shoot branching.through targeting GRAS gene family members SCARECROW-LIKE6-Ⅱ （SCL6-Ⅱ）, SCL6-Ⅲ, and SCL6-Ⅳ for cleavage. Transgenic plants overexpressing MIR171c （35Spro-MIR171c） and sd6-Ⅱ scl6-Ⅲ scl6-Ⅳ triple mutant plants exhibit a similar reduced shoot branching.phenotype. Expression of any one of the miR171c-resistant versions of SCL6-Ⅱ, SCL6-Ⅲ, and SCL6-Ⅳ in 35Spro- MIR171c plants rescues the reduced shoot branching.phenotype. Scl6-Ⅱ scl6-Ⅲ scl6-Ⅳ mutant plants exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes such as increased chlorophyll accumulation, decreased primary root elongation, and abnormal leaf and flower patterning. SCL6-Ⅱ, SCL6-Ⅲ, and SCL6-Ⅳ are located to the nucleus, and show transcriptional activation activity. Our results suggest that miR171c-targeted SCL6-Ⅱ, SCL6-Ⅲ, and SCL6-Ⅳ play an important role in the regulation of shoot branch production.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana axillary meristem miRNA171 SCL6 shoot branching.

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