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Skin Damage and Aesthetic Disadvantage Observed in Women in the Hand Craft shelling Chain of Cashew Nuts in a Factory to Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2017年第3期7卷 211-220页

作者： Jean-Baptiste Andonaba Sandrine Sanou Lompo Vincent Ouédraogo Flore Ouédraogo Muriel S. Ouédraogo Issouf Konaté Boukary Diallo Adama Traoré INSSA Université Nazi Boni de Bobo-Dioulasso Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso UFR/SDS Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Occupational dermatitis has long been an unforeseen consequence of industrial progress. Today, most occupational diseases are dermatosis throughout the world. The morbidity and the various prejudices concern different actors, especially those of the cashew industry in Bobo-Dioulasso to Burkina Faso. We considered it appropriate to conduct this study in women who handle cashew nuts in the cashew nut shelling station at a factory. The aim is to contribute to the search for preventive and curative solutions adapted to this health risk. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study with a descriptive purpose in May 2016. The study involved 112 women present in the factory in the shelling unit and having given their approval during our visit. This station is occupied by 118 women. Results: The prevalence of all dermatosis and dermatitis was estimated respectively at 98.21% and 88.39%. The manual shelling station with a shearing machine was exclusively occupied by illiterate women (72.3%) without personal protective equipment, with an average age of 33.74 ± 8.49 years. Among the clinical forms of contact dermatitis, the erythematous contact dermatitis was most observed (86.4%), followed by palmar keratoderma (70.9%), nail disorders (33.6%) and chemical burns (30%). The implication of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) was established with identified promoting factors. Aesthetic damage related to hand injuries had a significant psychosocial impact in 97.32% of cases. Discussion: Few studies exist on dermatitis and the health impacts in the reality of cashew because they reach vulnerable subjects without social welfare and health protection. The cashew nuts shell contains a highly irritating brown oily liquid. Dermatitis occurs during contact with this oily juice. The international literature reports this corrosive effect throughout the history of the chain. Human factors, technical factors and work environment aggravate the situation and compromize workwomen health. Conclusion: Cashew huskers had derma

关键词： Dermatitis Aesthetic shelling Unit Cashew Anacardic Acid Burkina Faso

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Chorus-Driven Outer Radiation Belt Electron Dynamics at Different L-Shells

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第12期27卷 219-222页

作者：张赛肖伏良 Hunan Science and Technology Industrial Vocational and Technical College Xiangtan 411207 School of Physics and Electronic Sciences Changsha University oF Science and Technology Changsha 410004

Energetic outer radiation belt electron phase space density （PSD） evolution due to interaction with whistler-mode chorus at different L-shells is investigated by solving the diffusion equation including cross diffusion terms. It is found that the difference of diffusion rates for different L-shells occurs primarily at pitch angles 0°-50° and around 90°. In particular, diffusion rates for L = 6.5 are found to be 5-10 times larger than that for L = 3.5 at these pitch angles. In the presence of cross terms, PSD for - MeV electrons after 24h decreases by about 25, 12, 10 and 8 times at L = 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 near the loss cone, and increases by about 55, 45, 30 and 20 times at larger pitch angles, respectively. After 24 h, the ratios between - MeV electron PSDs from simulations without and with cross diffusion at L = 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 are about 350, 600, 800 and 800 near the loss cone, and become 5, 5.5, 6.5 and 8 at pitch angle 90°, respectively. These results demonstrate that neglect of cross diffusion generally results in the overestimate of PSD, and the cross diffusion plays a more significant role in the resonant interaction between chorus waves and outer radiation belt electrons at larger L.

关键词： Radiation Electronics Diffusion Shell shelling Crossing over Restricted feeding Rations Cones Losses

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Reproductive development of two groundnut cultivars as influenced by boron and light

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2018年第2期5卷 289-293页

作者： Md.Quamruzzaman Md.Jafar Ullah Md.Fazlul Karim Nazrul Islam Md.Jahedur Rahman Md.Dulal Sarkar Department of Agronomy Sher-e-Bangla Agriculture UniversityDhaka 1207Bangladesh Department of Horticulture Sher-e-Bangla Agriculture UniversityDhaka 1207Bangladesh

Boron is an important micronutrient that enhances reproductive growth of crops such as groundnut.Light also plays an important role for pegging of groundnut.There has been little information on the application of boron and light in groundnut in Bangladesh.A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of boron and light on the reproductive development of two groundnut cultivars.Treatments considered as two groundnut cultivars,viz.,‘Dhaka-1(C1)’and‘BARI Chinabadam-8(C2)’,three levels of boron(B),viz.,0-kg B ha^-1(B0),1-kg B ha^-1(B1)and 2-kg B ha^-1(B2),and two levels of light,viz.,normal day light(≈12-h light)and normal day light+6-h extended red light at night(≈18-h light).Result revealed that the reproductive development,yield and shelling percentage of groundnut were markedly increased with the application of B.Due to imposition of light all of reproductive units increased but decrease number of pods and pod yield.The highest reproductive unit and yield were observed from‘BARI Chinabadam-8’.Therefore,reproductive development could be improved by application of boron in improved cultivars(BARI Chinabadam-8)but not for under extended light.

关键词： Groundnut Reproductive development Light Boron Pegs Pods shelling percentage

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Optimizing the Performance of a Manually Operated Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Decorticator

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Open Journal of Optimization 2013年第1期2卷 26-32页

作者： A. N. Gitau P. Mboya B. N. K. Njoroge M. Mburu Department of Civil and Construction Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

shelling of groundnut pods using manual decorticators in Kenya is characterized by high kernel breakages and low shelling efficiencies. As a result, farmers get low income due to low cost of broken kernels and a lot of time is lost in the tedious shelling operation. To overcome this problem, pertinent parameters that influence shelling efficiency of manually operated groundnut decorticators were identified. Two manually operated decorticators were tested and modifications done on one of the decorticators to optimize its technical performance. Results of machine performance tests showed that for WBS (Wooden beater sheller) at a feed rate of 30 kg/hr and 22.6 mm clearance, shelling efficiency increased with decrease in moisture content for all the groundnut varieties. The highest shelling efficiency was 55.3% for ICGV 99568, 39.2% for ICRISAT Groundnut Variety (ICGV) 90704 and 29% for ICGV 12991 at moisture content of 5.92% wb. For RBS (Rod beater sheller) at a feed rate of 30 kg/hr and 22.6 mm clearance, the highest shelling efficiency was 58.3% for ICGV 99568, 42.7% for ICGV 90704 and 35% for ICGV 12991 at moisture content of 7% wb. Identification of the pertinent parameters showed that pod moisture content, clearance and sieve size influence performance of manually operated groundnut. Theoretical predictive models developed were optimized which showed that a maximum shelling efficiency of 88.73% can be achieved with percent damage of 4% when the sieve size is 11 mm and clearance is 16 mm with a regression coefficient of over 85%. With the modifications done on the WBS decorticator, the highest shelling efficiency of 87% was obtained at a clearance of 10 mm for ICGV 99568 which is the largest in size from the three varieties. The shelling efficiency of the modified decorticator is far above those of the RBS and WBS because the sieve sizes and clearances of the later were not optimized. The results of the theoretical optimization of the manually operated groundnut decorticator implies that farmers who shell for se

关键词： Decorticator shelling Efficiency Optimization Clearance Groundnut Varieties

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On Farm Demonstration,Testing and Evaluation of Maize Sheller in Meru County

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2021年第3期11卷 126-134页

作者： Richard Njue Noah Wawire The Department of Agricultural Mechanization Agricultural Mechanization Research InstituteMachakosP.O.Box 340-90100Kenya

Maize shelling activity by the small scale farmers is done manually by either stripping with fingers,beating bagged cops with sticks or rubbing two cobs against each other.shelling forms part of maize post-harvest losses which span from harvesting to consumption.The objective of this research was to demonstrate,test and evaluate the maize shellers in Meru County.The scope applied to one diesel(control)and three locally fabricated gasoline-powered throw-in type maize shellers and was performed on-farm at three different commercial villages(CVs).Traditional methods of shelling were compared to motorized shellers followed by the comparison between the 8 horsepower(hp)diesel(control)and 5 hp locally fabricated gasoline-powered shellers.The average shelling capacity(1,384 kg/h)and shelling efficiency(97.8%)of the locally fabricated shellers were lower as compared to the control(2,138 kg/h)with a shelling efficiency of 99.93%.The average scattering losses for the locally fabricated shellers were high(12.6%)compared to the control(0.053%).The analysis of variance(ANOVA)revealed control had the highest mean(9.23)and p value>0.05 hence more efficient compared to locally fabricated(9.15).The shellers lacked the cleaning component,hence shelled maize required cleaning by winnowing manually and were not gender friendly since women and people enabled differently(PED)could not operate the machine due to height of the feeding hopper compared to control.It took traditional methods longer(59.4 s)to perform a shelling operation compared to using motorized shellers(15 s).The efficient control sheller demonstrated reduced farmers’drudgery and post-harvest losses and was recommended for use by the small scale farmers in the county.

关键词： shelling fabricated traditional horsepower farmers

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Low-cost clothing outlasts expensive pieces

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新世纪智能 2019年第10期 30-32页

作者： Susan 不详

If you’ve been shelling out for designer clothing in the hopes that it will be more durable than cheaper options, you might want to reconsider it. A new study from The University of Leeds suggests that low-cost cloth... 详细信息

关键词： shelling out for designer clothing might actually pricier pieces

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