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Novel noninvasive quantification of penile corpus caver no sum lesions in hyperlipidemia-induced erectile dysfunction in rabbits by two-dimensional shear-wave elastography

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第2期21卷 143-149页

作者： Jian-Lin Hu Hui-Xing Chen Hui-Rong Chen Yu Wu Xiao-Wen Sun Zheng Li Jin-Fang Xing Department of Reproductive Medicine Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineShanghai 201620China Department of Andrology Center for Men's HealthUrologic Medical CenterShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineShanghai 200080China Department of Urology Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineShanghai 201620China Department of Medical Ultrasound Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of MedicineShanghai 200080China

Structural alterations in fibroelastic compone nts of the penile corpus caver no usum(CC)may impair its compliance,resulting in venous leakage and erectile dysfunction(ED).Our study evaluated the effectiveness of noninvasive two-dimensional shear-wave elastography(2-D SWE)in quantifying penile CC lesions in rabbits with hyperlipidemia-induced ED.A total of 12 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups.Six were fed a high-cholesterol diet containing 2%cholesterol and 8.5%lard for 10 weeks and the other six were fed normal diet as controls.We measured the shear-wave elastic quantitative(SWQ)value of penile CC by 2-D SWE.Erectile function was inv estigated by intracavernous injecti on of pa pa ver i ne,and immunohistochemical(IHC)stain inga nd the wester n blot analysis to determine the penile CC lesions.After 10 weeks,the SWQ values obtained from penile CC were remarkably higher in the high-cholesterol-fed compared with the control group,and the AICP(ICP plateau minus ICP baseline)/MAP(ICP:intracavernous pressure,MAP:mean arterial pressure)was markedly decreased.The IHC staining and western blot revealed extracellular matrix(ECM)accumulation in penile cavernous tissues,and the smooth muscle cell(SMC)phenotypic transition was affected,as indicated by reduced alpha-smooth muscle actin and calponinexpression and increased phospho-myosin light chain?。(p-MLC20)/MLC20 and osteopontin expression.Hyperlipidemia resulted in ECM accumulation accompanied with SMC phenotypic transition in penile CC and impaired the erectile function eventually.These might,in turn,lead to variations in the SWQ values.It suggests that 2-D SWE may be a novel,noninvasive and effective approach that distinguishes penile CC lesions secondary to hyperlipidemia from normal.

关键词： corpus cavernosum erectile dysfunction extracellular matrix accumulation phenotypic transition shear-wave elastography smooth muscle cells

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shear-wave splitting and anisotropy in crust of Dabieshan orogenic belt

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第9期43卷 738-742页

作者： Chunyong Wang Zhifeng Ding Xiebo Chen Guangying Chen Guiyin Li State Seismol Bur Inst Geophys Beijing 100081 Peoples R China State Seismol Bur Inst Geodynam Beijing 100085 Peoples R China

The shear-wave splitting was analyzed on the deep seismic sounding profile crossing the Dabieshan area. The direction difference between Sg and SmS fast wave polarization indicates that the modern regional tectonic stress field in the Dabieshan area exists only in upper crust, while the crack alignment caused by the Triassic collision between the North China and the Yangtze blocks had been preserved in mid-lower curst.

关键词： Dabieshan orogenic belt deep seismic sounding profile shear-wave splitting anisotropy crack alignment.

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Study on Correlation and Quantiative Error Estimation Method Among the Splitting shear wave Identification Methods

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Earthquake Research in China 2000年第3期14卷 53-62页

作者： Liu Xiqiang Zhou Huilan Li Hong Gai Dianguang Seismological Bureau of Shandong Province Jinan 250014 China Graduate School University of Science and Technology of China Beijing 100039 China

Based on the propagation characteristics of shear wave in the anisotropic layers,thecorrelation among several splitting shear-wave identification methods hasbeen studied.Thispaper puts forward the method estimating splitting shear-wave phases and its reliability byusing of the assumption that variance of noise and useful signal data obey normaldistribution.To check the validity of new method,the identification results and errorestimation corresponding to 95% confidence level by analyzing simulation signals have beengiven.

关键词： Anisotropy shear-wave splitting Identification methods Correlation Error estimation

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The Character of shear-wave Splitting in Marble in the Critical State of Rupture

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Earthquake Research in China 2001年第1期15卷 8-14页

作者： Gao YuanCenter for Analysis and Prediction, China Seismological Burean, Beijing 100036, China Center for Analysis and Prediction China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100036 China

This paper mainly observed and analyzed the character of shear-wave splitting in rock specimens while they were in the critical state of rupture. The rock specimens for study are made of Laizhou marble from Shandong, China. A series of records were obtained from two rock specimens when they were in the critical state of rupture. The result shows that, in the critical state just before rock rupture, there may be the phenomenon of rise and fall in the time delay of shear-wave splitting, even though the load was kept constant. That is to say, the time delay of shear-wave splitting may have a falling process before rock rupture.

关键词： shear-wave splitting Critical state Rupture Time delay Marble

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Two species of microcracks

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Applied Geophysics 2014年第1期11卷 1-8,115页

作者： Stuart Crampin 高原 British Geological Survey School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration

We identify two interrelated but independent species of microcracks with differentorigins and different distributions. One species is the classic high-stress microcracksidentified in laboratory stress-cells associated with acoustic emissions as microcracks openwith increasing stress. The other species is the low-stress distributions of closely-spacedstress-aligned fluid-saturated microcracks that observations of shear-wave splitting （SWS）demonstrate pervade almost all in situ rocks in the upper crust, the lower crust, and theuppermost 400 km of the mantle. On some occasions these two sets of microcracks may beinterrelated and similar （hence ＇species＇） but they typically have fundamentally-differentproperties, different distributions, and different implications. The importance for hydrocarbonexploration and recovery is that SWS in hydrocarbon reservoirs monitors crack alignmentsand preferred directions of fluid-flow. The importance for earthquake seismology is that SWSabove small earthquakes monitors the effects of increasing stress on the pervasive low-stressmicrocrack distributions so that stress-accumulation before, possibly distant, earthquakes canbe recognised and impendin~ earthquakes stress-forecast.

关键词： crack-induced anisotropy, fluid-saturate microcracks, shear-wave splitting, stress-forecastin~ earthquakes, two species of microcracks

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Contemporary crustal tectonic movement in the southern Sichuan-Yunnan block based on dense GPS observation data

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2019年第1期3卷 53-61页

作者： HongLin Jin Yuan Gao XiaoNing Su GuangYu Fu Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction China Earthquake Administration Institute of Earthquake Forecasting China Earthquake Administration

We analyzed 360 permanent and campaign GPS data from 1999 to 2017 in the southern Sichuan-Yunan block, and obtained crustal horizontal deformation in this region.Then, we derived the strain rate using a multi-scale spherical wavelet method.Results reveal a complex pattern of tectonic movement in the southern Sichuan-Yunnan block.Compared to the stable Eurasian plate, the maximum rate of the horizontal deformation in the southern Sichuan-Yunnan block is approximately 22 mm/a.The Xiaojiang fault shows a significantly lower deformation—a left-lateral strike-slip movement of 9.5 mm/a.The Honghe fault clearly shows a complex segmental deformation from the north to south.The northern Honghe fault shows 4.3 mm/a right strike-slip with 6.7 mm/a extension; the southern Honghe fault shows 1.9 mm/a right strike-slip with 1.9 mm/a extension; the junction zone in the Honghe and Lijiang–Xiaojinhe faults shows an obvious clockwise-rotation deformation.The strain calculation results reveal that the maximum shear-strain rate in this region reaches 70 nstrain/a, concentrated around the Xiaojiang fault and at the junction of the Honghe and Lijiang–Xiaojinhe faults.We note that most of the earthquakes with magnitudes of 4 and above that occurred in this region were within the high shear strain-rate zones and the strain rate gradient boundary zone, which indicates that the magnitude of strain accumulation is closely related to the seismic activities.Comparison of the fast shear-wave polarization direction of the upper-crust with the upper-mantle anisotropy and the direction of the surface principal compressive strain rate obtained from the inversion of the GPS data reveals that the direction of the surface principal compressive strain is basically consistent with the fast shear-wave polarization direction of the upper crust anisotropy, but different from the polarization direction of the upper mantle.Our results support the hypothesis that the principal elements of the deformation mechanism in the southern Sichuan-Yunnan block are de

关键词： GPS data crustal horizontal deformation extension strike slip strain rate fast shear-wave polarization

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Propagation of seismic waves on the inner interface in anisotropic media

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1995年第14期40卷 1192-1195页

作者：张中杰滕吉文 Institute of Geophysics. Chinese Academy of Siences Beijing 100101 China

The theoretic study on the seismic motion in three-dimensional anisotropic media isthe front arca and a diffcult problem of present seismology. The research of the seismicbehavior on the inner interface has important meaning for the understanding of the seismicpropagation and the interpretation of the sophisticated 3-component seismic records. So far,a few publications about it have been published. In this note, starting from the waveequations and using continuous conditions at the interface, we have derived the reflectingand transmission coefficients on the inner interface in three-domain anisotropic media.

关键词： three domain anisotropic media seismic wave reflection transmission shear-wave splitting.

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Evidence supporting New Geophysics

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2018年第3期2卷 173-188页

作者： Stuart Crampin Yuan Gao British Geological Survey The Lyell Centre School of Geo Sciences University of Edinburgh EH9 3FW Institute of Earthquake Forecasting China Earthquake Administration

In the last decade a New Geophysics has been proposed,whereby the crust and uppermost ~400 km of the mantle of the Earth are so pervaded by closely-spaced stress-aligned microcracks(intergranular films of hydrated melt in the mantle) that in situ rocks verge on failure by fracturing,and hence are critical-systems that impose a range of fundamentally-new properties on conventional sub-critical geophysics.Enough of these new properties have been observed to confirm that New Geophysics is a new understanding of fluid/rock deformation with important implications and applications.Evidence supporting New Geophysics has been published in a wide variety of publications.Here,for clarification,we summarise in one document the evidence supporting New Geophysics.

关键词： earthquakes eruptions microcracks New Geophysics shear-wave splitting stress-forecasting

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