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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第12期45卷 17-31页

作者： Jinrong Huang Yuchen Guo Yongchang Jiang Feiyu Wang Lijia Pan Yi Shi Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Electronic Science and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Human skin,through its complex mechanoreceptor system,possesses the exceptional ability to finely perceive and dif-ferentiate multimodal mechanical stimuli,forming the biological foundation for dexterous manipulation,environmental explo-ration,and tactile *** sensors that emulate this sensory capability,particularly in the detection,decoupling,and application of normal and shear forces,have made significant strides in recent *** review comprehensively examines the latest research advancements in tactile sensors for normal and shear force sensing,delving into the design and decoupling methods of multi-unit structures,multilayer encapsulation structures,and bionic *** analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various sensing principles,including piezoresistive,capacitive,and self-powered mechanisms,and evalu-ates their application potential in health monitoring,robotics,wearable devices,smart prosthetics,and human-machine *** systematically summarizing current research progress and technical challenges,this review aims to provide forward-looking insights into future research directions,driving the development of electronic skin technology to ultimately achieve tactile perception capabilities comparable to human skin.

关键词： tactile sensors shear force force decoupling e-skin

Evaporating Momentum force and shear force on Meniscuses of Elongated Bubble in Microchannel Flow Boiling

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Journal of Thermal Science 2014年第2期23卷 160-168页

作者： YIN Liaofei JIA Li GUAN Peng LIU Fuhao Institute of Thermal Engineering School of MechanicalElectronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Process Enhancement & New Energy Equipment Technology (Nanjing University of Technology)

The evaporating momentum force and the shear force acting on the meniscus of an evaporating and elongating bubble in flow boiling in microchannel have been investigated theoretically and *** concept of the effective evaporation region and the theory of the liquid layer supplement between elongated bubble and microchannel are proposed,and the analytical expressions of the evaporating momentum force and shear force have been *** relative importance of both forces has been determined by the method of magnitude analysis and numerical *** has been found that the evaporating momentum force can always be neglected in analyzing the bubble elongation process and the motion law of meniscus of elongated bubble in microchannel flow boiling,but whether the shear force should be considered or not is determined by its relative order of magnitude and the particular conditions such as channel dimension and the operating conditions.

关键词： microchannel flow boiling elongated bubble evaporating momentum force shear force

Effects of shear force on formation and properties of anoxic granular sludge in SBR

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第6期7卷 896-905页

作者： Xinyan ZHANG Binbin WANG Qingqing HAN Hongmei ZHAO Dangcong PENG School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055 China Sinosteel Wuhan Safety & Environmental Protection Research Institute Wuhan 430081 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Chang'an University Xi'an 710056 China

This paper reports the effects of shear force on anoxic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactors （SBR）. The study was carried out in two SBRs （SBR1 and SBR2） in which sodium acetate （200mg COD·L^-1） was used as the sole substrate and sodium nitrate （40 mgNO3-N·L^-1） was employed as the electron acceptor. The preliminary objective of this study was to cultivate anoxic granules in the SBR in order to investigate the effects of shear force on the formation of anoxic granular sludge and to compare the properties of anoxic sludge in the SBR. This study reports new results for the values of average velocity gradient, a measure of the applied shear force, which was varied in the two SBRs （3.79 s^-1 and 9.76 s^-1 for SBR1 and SBR2 respectively）. The important findings of this research highlight the dual effects of shear force on anoxic granules. A low shear force can produce large anoxic granules with high activity and poor settling ability, whereas higher shear forces produce smaller granules with better settling ability and lower activity. The results of this study show that the anoxic granulation is closely related to the strength of the shear force. For high shear force, this research demonstrated that： 1） granules with smaller diameters, high density and good settling ability were formed in the reactor, and 2） granular sludge formed faster than it did in the low shear force reactor （41days versus 76 days）. Once a steady-state has been achieved, the nitrate and COD removal rates were found to be 98% and 80%, respectively. For low shear force, such as was applied in SBR1, this research demonstrated that： 1） the activity of anoxic granular sludge in low shear force was higher than that in high shear force, 2） higher amount of soluble microbial products （SMPs） were produced, and 3） large pores were observed inside the larger granules,which are beneficial for nitrogen gas diffusion. Electron microscopic examination of the anoxic granules in both reactors showed that the

关键词： denitrification anoxic granular sludge,sequencing batch reactors (SBR) shear force

Measuring Internal Velocity of Debris Flows by Temporally Correlated shear forces

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Journal of Earth Science 2012年第3期23卷 373-380页

作者：韦方强杨红娟胡凯衡 Sergey Chernomorets Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Geography Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia

Debris flow is a kind of geological hazard occurring in mountain *** velocity is very important for debris flow dynamics research and designing debris flow control ***,most of past researches focused on surface velocity and mean velocity of debris flow,while few researches involve its internal velocity because there is no available method for measuring the internal velocity for its destructive *** this paper,a method of temporally correlated shear forces（TCSF） for meas-uring the internal velocity of debris flows is *** principle of this method is to calculate the internal velocity of a debris flow using the distance between two detecting sections and the time differ-ence between the two waveforms of shear forces measured at both *** measuring method has been tested in 14 lab-based flume experiments.

关键词： debris flow internal velocity velocity measuring shear force flume experiment

Mechanical force-induced assembly of one-dimensional nanomaterials

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1191-1204页

作者： Shiting Wu Yuanyuan Shang Anyuan Cao College of Materials&Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China

There have been intensive and continuous research efforts in large-scale controlled assembly of one-dimensional(1D)nanomaterials,since this is the most effective and promising route toward advanced functional systems including integrated nano-circuits and flexible electronic *** date,numerous assembly approaches have been reported,showing considerable progresses in developing a variety of 1D nanomaterial assemblies and integrated systems with outstanding ***,obstacles and challenges remain ***,in this review,we summarize most widely studied assembly approaches such as Langmuir-Blodgett technique,substrate release/stretching,substrate rubbing and blown bubble films,depending on three types of external forces:compressive,tensile and shear *** highlight the important roles of these mechanical forces in aligning 1D nanomaterials such as semiconducting nanowires and carbon nanotubes,and discuss each approach on their effectiveness in achieving high-degree alignment,distinct characteristics and major ***,we point out possible research directions in this field including rational control on the orientation,density and registration,toward scale-up and cost-effective manufacturing,as well as novel assembled systems based on 1D heterojunctions and hybrid structures.

关键词： one-dimensional(1D)nanomaterials assembly compressive force tensile force shear force

Horizontal oscillation processed large MXene with Low Ti–Ti coordination for fast sodium storage

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第11期67卷 3729-3738页

作者： Hang Wang Xingwu Zhai Yujian Xia Zhixin Sun Tianchen Wei Guangyu Chen Yuhuan Li Xinfeng Tang Liang Wu Zhaodi Fan Hongjun Zhang Bangjiao Ye Xueyuan Leng Min Zhou Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230029China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

MXene stands out as a rising family of transition metal carbides/nitrides with exceptional size-dependent properties and versatile potential applications. However, the realization of large MXene with a controllable surface at atomic level remains challenging to keep the balance among the conductivity, stability and activity. Herein, the horizontal oscillation-induced delamination(HOD)strategy is proposed to acquire Ti_(3)C_(2) flakes with large size and low Ti–Ti coordination(HO-Ti_(3)C_(2)). The average size of the asobtained flakes can reach 6.48 μm to keep the overall conductive skeleton and merits from large size. Simultaneously, metal atoms at surface can be partially removed due to the enhanced local vibrational turbulence during the reciprocating horizontal oscillation process. Such MXenes with clear and unique surface states exhibit high potentials in ion adsorption together with satisfied electric conductivity and stability. As proof of concept, HO-Ti_(3)C_(2) anode exhibits remarkable rate capability and longterm stability during sodium storage. A capacity of 100.5 m Ah g^(-1)with a long-life cycle(4,500 cycles) at a high rate of 1.0 A g^(-1)originates from the increased s-d interaction between Na and Ti. Therefore, the HOD strategy provides a controllable surface design to promote the clear criteria into size-dependent research on MXene.

关键词： horizontal oscillation induced delamination shear force large flakes coordination environment fast sodium storage

shear of molecular deposition films on glass substrates determined by tribometer

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2011年第4期54卷 1005-1010页

作者： GUO YanBao WANG DeGuo LIU ShuHai ZHANG SiWei College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China

The ultrathin polyelectrolyte molecular deposition films and polyelectrolyte composite nanoparticles molecular deposition films were prepared using layer-by-layer molecular deposition method and in situ growth method.A micro-tribometer has been developed to measure the shear response of those ultrathin molecular deposition *** using a smooth steel sphere in a ball-on-flat configuration,the shear force was determined for molecular deposition films on glass substrate for different *** results indicate that the shear behaviors of molecular deposition film were mainly determined with the contact area and film ***,the composite molecular deposition film with nanoparticles has better shear behaviors than the polyelectrolyte molecular deposition *** shear force of polyelectrolyte molecular deposition film is more dependent on the speed than that of composite nanoparticle molecular deposition film.

关键词： shear force molecular deposition film nanoparticles

Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge in a conventional, continuous flow, completely mixed activated sludge system

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第2期9卷 324-333页

作者： Xi CHEN Linjiang YUAN Wenjuan LU Yuyou LI Pei LIU Kun NIE School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055 China Department of Environmental Science Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan

Aerobic granules were formed in a conven- tional, continuous flow, completely mixed activated sludge system （CMAS）. The reactor was inoculated with seed sludge containing few filaments and fed with synthetic municipal wastewater. The settling time of the sludge and the average dissolved oxygen （DO） of the reactor were 2 h and 4.2 mg. L 1, respectively. The reactor was agitated by a stirrer, with a speed of 250r·min^-1, to ensure good mixing . The granular sludge had good settleability, and the sludge volume index （SVI） was between 50 and 90 mL ·g ^-1. The laser particle analyzer showed the diameter of the granules to be between 0.18 and 1.25 mm. A scanning electron microscope （SEM） investigation revealed the predominance of sphere-like and rod-like bacteria, and only few filaments grew in the granules. The microbial community structure of the granules was also analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electro- phoresis （PCR-DGGE）. Sequencing analysis indicated the dominant species were α, β, and γ-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. The data from the study suggested that aerobic granules could form, if provided with sufficient number of filaments and high shear force. It was also observed that a high height-to-diameter ratio of the reactor and short settling time were not essential for the formation of aerobic granular sludge.

关键词： aerobic granular sludge completely mixed activated sludge system (CMAS) continuous flow shear force filamentous bacteria polymerase chain reaction- denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE)

Recent Advances in Directed Assembly of Nanowires or Nanotubes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2012年第3期4卷 142-153页

作者： Mei Liu Zhizheng Wu Woon Ming Lau Jun Yang School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation Shanghai University State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D Center Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering the University of West ern Ontario

Nanowires and nanotubes of diverse material compositions,properties and/or functions have been produced or fabricated through various bottom-up or top-down *** nanowires or nanotubes have also been utilized as potential building blocks for functional *** key for the integration of those nanowire or nanotube based devices is to assemble these one dimensional nanomaterials to specific locations using techniques that are highly controllable and *** such techniques should enable assembly of highly uniform nanowire/nanotube arrays with precise control of density,location,dimension or even material types of nanowires/*** assembly techniques are being developed that can quickly align and assemble large quantities of one type or multiple types of nanowires through parallel processes,including flow-assisted alignment,Langmuir-Blodgett assembly,bubble-blown technique,electric/magnetic-field directed assembly,contact/roll printing,knocking-down,etc..With these assembling techniques,applications of nanowire/nanotube based devices such as flexible electronics and sensors have been *** paper delivers an overall review of directed nanowire/nanotube assembling approaches and analyzes advantages and limitations of each *** future research directions have also been discussed.

关键词： Nanowire Nanotube Assembly shear force Contact printing Dielectrophoresis Microfluidics Nanosystems Nanodevices

Effect of ultrasonic power and bonding force on the bonding strength of copper ball bonds

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China Welding 2007年第3期16卷 46-50页

作者：杭春进王春青田艳红 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Production Technology Harbin Institute of Technology

Copper wire, serving as a cost-saving alternative to gold wire, has been used in many high-end thermosonic ball bonding applications. In this paper, the bond shear force, bond shear strength, and the ball bond diameter are adopted to evaluate the bonding quality. It is concluded that the ef/~cient ultrasonic power is needed to soften the ball to form the copper bonds with high bonding strength. However, excessive ultrasonic power would serve as a fatigue loading to weaken the bonding. Excessive or less bonding force would cause cratering in the silicon.

关键词： copper wire bond thermosonic bonding ultrasonic power bonding force shear force