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Biomechanism of resistance to retinal injury in woodpecker’s eyes

Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第4期63卷 592-598页

作者： Shan Lu Xingyu Fan Sijian Liu Xiaoyu Liu Lizhen Wang Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 102402China College of Bioengineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Retinal injury is the most common ocular impairment associated with shaken baby syndrome(SBS), which could lead to vision loss and blindness. However, a woodpecker does not develop retinal hemorrhages or detachment even at a high acceleration of 1,000×g during pecking. To understand the mechanism of retinal injury and its resistance strategy, we put insight into the special ability of the woodpecker to protect the retina against damage under acceleration–deceleration impact. In this study, the structural and mechanical differences on the eyes of the woodpecker and human were analyzed quantitatively based on anatomical observation. We developed finite element eye models of the woodpecker and human to evaluate the dynamic response of the retina to the shaking load obtained from experimental data. Moreover, several structural parameters and mechanical conditions were exchanged between the woodpecker and human to evaluate their effects on retinal injury in SBS. The simulation results indicated that scleral ossification, lack of vitreoretinal attachment, and rotational acceleration–deceleration impact loading in a woodpecker contribute to the resistance to retinal injuries during pecking. The above mentioned special physical structures and mechanical behavior can distribute the high strain in the posterior segment of the woodpecker’s retina, which decrease the risk of retinal injury to SBS.

关键词： shaken baby syndrome woodpecker retinal injury numerical simulations

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Pediatric radiological diagnostic procedures in cases of suspected child abuse

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Health 2010年第3期2卷 237-245页

作者： C. Erfurt G. Hahn D. Roesner U. Schmidt Pediatric Radiology Department University Hospital “Carl Gustav Carus” Dresden Germany Technical University Dresden Dresden Germany University Hospital “Carl Gustav Carus” Dresden Germany

Advanced and specialized radiological diagnostic procedures are essential in cases of clinically diagnosed injuries to the head, thorax, abdomen or extremities of a child, especially if there is no case history or if the reporting of an inadequate trauma suggests battered child syndrome. In particular, these diagnostic procedures should aim at detecting lesions of the central nervous system (CNS), so that the treatment can be immediately initiated. If the diagnostic imaging reveals findings typically associated with child abuse, accurate documentation constituting evidence, which will stand up in court, is required to prevent any further endangerment of the child’s welfare.

关键词： Child Abuse Battered Child Syndrome shaken Baby Syndrome Non-Accidental Injury Pediatric Radiological Diagnostics

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