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Effects of HIV status notification on reducing the risk of sexual transmission of HIV in China

Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第24期127卷 4177-4183页

作者： Bao Yugang Jing Jun Zhang Yanhui Li Huasheng Feng Liangui Ning Zhen Tan Hongzhuan School of Public Health Central South University Changsha Htman 410008 China AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) Beijing 100009 China Department of Sociology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Hunan'PProvincial Health Information Education and Communication Center Changsha Hunan 410008 China Kunming Health Bureau Kunming Yunnan 650011 China Chongqing Centers for Disease Prevention and Control Chongqing 400042 China Shanghai Centers for Disease Prevention and Control Shanghai 200336 China

Background The risk of HIV sexual transmission is much higher among people unaware of their HIV status than among those aware. Only a few studies have indicated that the incidence of unsafe sex can be reduced when people know their HIV status. This study was to investigate this effect in China. Methods A cohort study consisting of two surveys was conducted at two different times among a group of people living with HIV/AIDS, whose status was newly diagnosed with HIV via sexual contact, in Shanghai, Chongqing, and Kunming. The first survey was conducted among 823 people tested positive for HIV before notifying them of the HIV status. The second survey was conducted among 650 HIV-positive people at six months following the first survey （after notification of HIV status）. The scope of survey covered unsafe sex practices, number of unsafe sexual partners, and frequency of unsafe sexual behaviors over the prior six months. Unsafe sex is defined as unprotected anal or vaginal sex with partners who are HIV positive or whose HIV status is unknown. Results The proportion of unsafe sex was reduced by about 85% after HIV status notification. The risk of HIV sexual transmission was 15 times higher among persons unaware of their HIV status than among those aware. Approximately 95% of new sexually transmitted HIV infections stemmed from 56% of the infected persons unaware of their HIV status in China. Conclusion Timely HIV status notification has the potential to significantly reduce unsafe sex among HIV-infected persons and reduce the risk for HIV transmission via unsafe sex.

关键词： HIV/AIDS sexual transmission unsafe sex HIV status notification knowledge of HIV status

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A Simulation Model for sexual and Vectorial transmission of Zika Virus(ZIKV)

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Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation 2017年第1期5卷 70-82页

作者： Oscar Arias Manrique Dalia M.Munoz Pizza Anibal Munoz Loaiza Julian A.Olarte Garcia Carlos A.Abello Munoz Steven Raigosa Osorio Angie Johanna Osorio Hans Meyer Contreras John F.Arredondo Montoya Grupo de Modelacion Matematica en Epidemiologia(GMME) Facultad de EducacionUniversidad del QuindioQuindioColombia

Nowadays the Zika virus (ZIKV) has been one of the most studied vector-borne diseases due to the considerable outbreaks that have generated around the world as well as due to the new transmission mechanisms and health complications originated. According to statistics of the INS-Colombia for July 2016, 68% of the population infected by ZIKV (confirmed cases) are pregnant women. Furthermore, the Quindío department belongs to the states with more than 50% of the total infected persons being pregnant women. Taking into account those characteristics, a theoretical model is proposed and analyzed to describe the population dynamics considering the sexual and vectorial transmission of ZIKV, with special emphasis in the consequences of the non-vectorial transmission in the population. The obtained results with simulations through the beta parameter indicate that the probability of sexual transmission between susceptible women and infected men points out the importance of campaigns to inculcate prevention measures for the safe sexual relationships between ZIKV infected population.

关键词： ZIKV Model Dynamics sexual transmission Vectorial transmission

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Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in semen of 36 males with symptomatic,asymptomatic,and convalescent infection during the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第2期24卷 135-138页

作者： Carlo Pavone Giovanni M Giammanco Andrea Pio Cascino Davide Baiamonte Mirko Pinelli Enrico Cangelosi Chiara Filizzolo Giuseppa Sciortino Simona De Grazia Floriana Bonura Section of Urology Department of SurgicalOncological and Oral SciencesUniversity of PalermoPalermo 90127Italy Section of Microbiology Department of Health PromotionMother and Child CareInternal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity of PalermoPalermo 90127Italy Section of Internal Medicine Department of Health PromotionMother and Child CareInternal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity of PalermoPalermo 90127Italy

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),has been identified in the human testis,but the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through sexual intercourse still needs to be defined.The goal of our study was to determine if SARS-CoV-2 is detectable in the semen of patients suffering or recovering from coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19),still testing positive at nasopharyngeal swabs but showing mild or no symptoms at the time of sampling.Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in semen was performed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and nested PCR targeting open reading frame(ORF)1ab.Medical history of the enrolled patients was taken,including COVID-19-correlated symptoms,both at the time of diagnosis and at the time of interview.Results of real-time RT-PCR and nested PCR in semen showed no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the 36 patients suffering or recovering from COVID-19 but still positive in a nasopharyngeal swab,from over 116 patients enrolled in the study.SARS-CoV-2 detection and persistence in semen would have an impact on both clinical practice and public health strategies,but our results would suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is not present in the semen of men recovering from COVID-19.

关键词： coronavirus COVID-19 Italy SARS-CoV-2 semen sexual transmission

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Viral infections and implications for male reproductive health

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第4期23卷 335-347页

作者： Thiago A Teixeira Yasmin C Oliveira Felipe S Bernardes Esper G Kallas Amaro N Duarte-Neto Sandro C Esteves Joël R Drevet Jorge Hallak Androscience Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Research Andrology LaboratorySão Paulo 04534-011SPBrazil Division of Urology University of São PauloSão Paulo 05403-000SPBrazil Men's Health Study Group Institute for Advanced StudiesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-060SPBrazil Division of Urology School of MedicineFederal University of AmapaMacapa 68903-419APBrazil Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases University of São PauloSão Paulo 05403-000SPBrazil BIAS–Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group Department of PathologyUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05403-000SPBrazil ANDROFERT Andrology and Human Reproduction ClinicCampinas 13075-460SPBrazil Department of Surgery(Division of Urology) University of Campinas(UNICAMP)Campinas 13083-968SPBrazil Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of HealthAarhus UniversityAarhus 8000Denmark GReD Institute CNRS-INSERM-UniversitéClermont AuvergneFaculty of MedicineClermont-Ferrand 63000France Reproductive Toxicology Unit Department of PathologyUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05403-000SPBrazil

Viral infections have haunted humankind since times immemorial.Overpopulation,globalization,and extensive deforestation have created an ideal environment for a viral spread with unknown and multiple shedding routes.Many viruses can infect the male reproductive tract,with potential adverse consequences to male reproductive health,including infertility and cancer.Moreover,some genital tract viral infections can be sexually transmitted,potentially impacting the resulting offspring's health.We have summarized the evidence concerning the presence and adverse effects of the relevant viruses on the reproductive tract(mumps virus,human immunodeficiency virus,herpes virus,human papillomavirus,hepatitis B and C viruses,Ebola virus,Zika virus,influenza virus,and coronaviruses),their routes of infection,target organs and cells,prevalence and pattern of virus shedding in semen,as well as diagnosis/testing and treatment strategies.The pathophysiological understanding in the male genital tract is essential to assess its clinical impact on male reproductive health and guide future research.

关键词： male genital tract reproduction semen sexual transmission sperm testis viral persistence viruses

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Mathematical model of zika virus dynamics with vector control and sensitivity analysis

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 23-41页

作者： Sudhanshu Kumar Biswas Uttam Ghosh Susmita Sarkar Department of Mathematics Sripat Singh CollegeMurshidabadWest BengalIndia Department of Applied Mathematics University of CalcuttaKolkataIndia

In this paper,we have developed and analyzed a deterministic Zika model considering both vector and sexual transmission route with the effect of human awareness and vector control in the absence of disease induce death.To formulate the model,we assume that the Zika virus is being first transmitted to human by mosquito bite,and then it is being transmitted to his or her sexual partner.The system contains at most three equilibrium points among them one is the disease free and other two are endemic equilibrium points,exists under certain conditions.The theoretical analysis shows that the diseases-free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is less than one.Theatrically we have established that endemic equilibrium point which is locally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is greater than one.The system exhibits backward bifurcation when the transmission probability per biting of susceptible mosquito with infected humans crosses the critical value.We estimate the model parameters and validate the model by fitting the model with the reported Zika infected human data from 1 to 36 week of 2016 Zika outbreak in Colombia.Furthermore,using the normalised forward sensitivity index method we have established that the model parameter mosquito biting rate,recruitment rate of mosquito,transmission probability per biting of Susceptible(infected)humans with infected(susceptible)mosquito,rate of awareness in host population,recovery rates of infected human are most sensitive parameters of the considered Zika model.Lastly,some conclusions are given to control the spreading of the Zika disease.

关键词： Zika virus Vector transmission sexual transmission Basic reproduction number Stability analysis Backward bifurcation Sensitivity analysis

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