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sexual orientation and Associated Factors among Adolescents in Cameroonian Cities—Factors Associated with sexual orientation in Adolescents

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第6期13卷 749-762页

作者： Eboutou Ivan Nguefack Félicitée Meguieze Claude-Audrey Ngassam Tchouamo Cindy Brenda Dongmo Tsopfack Félicie Cindy Mboringong Kwedi Fanny Danwe Danwang Welba Nseme Etouckey Eric Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon School of Health and Medical Sciences-CATUC-Kumbo Bamenda Cameroon

Introduction: Over time, new sexual practices other than the common ones are frequently described. This work aimed to determine the sexual orientation and its associated factors among adolescents attending school in two big cities in Cameroon. Methodology: A cross-sectional study with prospective data collection took place from November 2021 to April 2022 in eight secondary schools (four in Yaoundé and four in Douala). We conducted non-probability, consecutive sampling on school-going, sexually active adolescents between the ages of 14 and 19 years. A self-administered questionnaire to students was used to study their sexual orientations and practices. Univariate and multivariate analyses made it possible to find the associated factors using the chi-square test. Results: We included 1274 adolescents with an average age of 18 years;majority were boys (54.8%) for a sex ratio of 1.21. Most (49.7%) were from two-parent families. Cisgender was the most common self-gender identity (89.6%). The main sexual orientation was heterosexuality (82.3%), followed by bisexuality (9.7%) and homosexuality (8%). The average age at first sexual intercourse (coitarche) was 15 years and the coitarche was consenting in 84.1%. sexual practices included: kissing (94.7%), fondling (93.4%), vaginal penetration (80.6%), oral sex (40.4%), masturbation (22.8%), fisting (18.4%), and anal penetrations (17.5%). The majority of sexual intercourse acts (55.8%) took place without protection;24.6% of adolescents practiced them with a person of the same sex and 18.4% with several others simultaneously. The factors associated with heterosexuality were age ≤17 years (aOR: 2.44 [1.36 - 4.40];p = 0.003), self-identification opposite to primary sexual characteristics (aOR: 12.05 [5.13 - 28.29];p 0.001), absence of consent during the first coitus (aOR: 7.09 [3.61 - 13.93];p 0.001) and a history of sexual intercourse with a person of the same sex (aOR: 94.17 [43.36 - 183.39];p 0.001). Conclusion: Although most

关键词： sexual orientation Practice Identity Factors Teenager Cameroon

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Development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and the influence of estrogen-like compounds

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第29期8卷 2763-2774页

作者： Zhen He Sherry Ann Ferguson Li Cui Lazar John Greenfield Merle Gale Paule Division of Neurotoxicology National Center for Toxicological ResearchFood and Drug Administration Department of Neurology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

One of the well-defined sexually dimorphic structures in the brain is the sexually dimorphic nucleus, a cluster of cells located in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The rodent sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area can be delineated histologically using conventional Nissl staining or immunohistochemically using calbindin D28K immunoreactivity. There is increasing use of the cal- bindin D28K-delineated neural cluster to define the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in rodents. Several mechanisms are proposed to underlie the processes that contribute to the sexual dimorphism （size difference） of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Recent evidence indicates that stem cell activity, including proliferation and migration presumably from the 3^rd ventricle stem cell niche, may play a critical role in the postnatal development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and its distinguishing sexually dimorphic feature： a signifi-cantly larger volume in males. Sex hormones and estrogen-like compounds can affect the size of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Despite considerable research, it remains un-clear whether estrogen-like compounds and/or sex hormones increase size of the sexually dimor-phic nucleus of the preoptic area via an increase in stem cell activity originating from the 3^rd ventricle stern cell niche.

关键词： neural regeneration review sexual orientation sexual behavior calbindin D28K estrogen-likecompound bisphenol A neural stem cells grants-supported paper neuroregeneration

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Primary care physicians'knowledge,attitude and perception towards homosexuality in Singapore

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Global Health Journal 2021年第4期5卷 209-214页

作者： Derek Lim Seng Bin Ang Kandang Kerbau Women’s and Children’s Hospital 100 Bukit Timah Road Singapore

Aims:This study aim to gain insights into attitudes,acceptance and knowledge levels among family physicians toward homosexual people,which are important as they may affect care among this at-risk ***:An anonymized self-administered questionnaire in English was posted with the assistance of the College of Family Physicians Singapore in February 2015 to its 1529 members with self-addressed,pre-stamped envelopes for *** questionnaire included demographic questions such as age group,gender,religion,ethnicity,marital status and place of *** and scales that measured attitude,acceptance,knowledge and perception of colleagues who are homosexual were also included in the ***:451 responses(29.5%)were obtained,of which 441 were valid(28.84%).About 52.8%of participants were found to have negative,8.9%neutral and 38.3%positive attitudes toward ***(75.6%)were accepting of homosexuals,with 9.3%neutral and 15.1%not *** levels were poor,with a mean score of 6.9 out of a maximum of 13.A strong correlation was found between the attitudes towards lesbians and gay men(ATLG)and acceptance of homosexuals scales(r=0.69,Psexuality,most are able to accept *** better education in sexual orientation in the medical educational curriculum,the increase in knowledge will lead to better care for people with homosexuality.

关键词： Attitudes Acceptance Family physician Homosexuality Knowledge Stigma sexual orientation Singapore

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Imploding the Mirage: The Yogyakarta Principles and the New Era of Globalization

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2022年第3期12卷 162-166页

作者： Diego Santos Vieira de Jesus PUC-Rio Rio de JaneiroBrazil

The aim of the article is to examine the role of the Yogyakarta Principles in the new era of *** Principles could be assimilated for their modesty and multiple points of entry in the global ***,they have not necessarily created formal protections for sexual minorities that keep being abused globally because conservative elites share goals and tactics among themselves to repress these minorities.

关键词： Yogyakarta principles sexual orientation gender identity human rights globalization

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