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Occurrence and Decay of SARS-CoV-2 in Community sewage Drainage Systems

Engineering 2023年第7期26卷 214-219,I0008,I0009页

作者： Qian Dong 蔡俊雄刘艳臣凌海波 Qi Wang Luo-Jing Xiang Shao-Lin Yang Zheng-Sheng Lu Yi Liu Xia Huang 曲久辉 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences Wuhan 430072China Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic in over 200 countries poses a substantial threat to human *** acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which causes COVID-19,can be discharged with feces into the drainage ***,a comprehensive understanding of the occurrence,presence,and potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in sewers,especially in community sewers,is still *** study investigated the virus occurrence by viral nucleic acid testing in vent stacks,septic tanks,and the main sewer outlets of community where confirmed patients had lived during the early days of the epidemic in Wuhan,*** results indicated that the risk of long-term emission of SARS-CoV-2 to the environment via vent stacks of buildings was low after confirmed patients were ***-CoV-2 were mainly detected in the liquid phase,as opposed to being detected in aerosols,and its RNA in the sewage of septic tanks could be detected for only four days after confirmed patients were *** surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage could be a sensitive indicator for the possible presence of asymptomatic patients in the community,though the viral concentration could be diluted more than ten times,depending on the sampling site,as indicated by the Escherichia coli *** comprehensive investigation of the community sewage drainage system is helpful to understand the occurrence characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage after excretion with feces and the feasibility of sewage surveillance for COVID-19 pandemic monitoring.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Transmission risk Drainage system sewage Community

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Establishing an Assessment Index System for sewage Treatment Works in China

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Engineering 2023年第8期27卷 18-22页

作者： Zuxin Xu Jin Xu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of EducationTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

*** The urban sewage treatment system,including sewage pipe networks and sewage treatment plants,is an important infrastructure to ensure urban social and economic *** the past few decades,due to the unremitting efforts of the Chinese government,the construction of China’s urban sewage treatment infrastructure has developed rapidly[1].

关键词： treatment sewage sewage

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Biodegradation of triclosan and triclocarban in sewage sludge during composting under three ventilation strategies

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 137-146页

作者： Bao Yu Guodi Zheng Xuedong Wang Min Wang Tongbin Chen Center for Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Resource Environment and Tourism Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China

Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used in home and personal care products as antimicrobial agents. After these products are used, TCS and TCC enter the terrestrial environment and pose a great risk to humans and animals. In this research, the biodegradation of TCS and TCC was investigated during sewage sludge composting with ventilation rates of 10& 92, and 79 m^3/min. TCS and TCC were mainly biodegraded in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases, and the biodegradation rates improved with an increase in ventilation. After sewage sludge was composted for 16 days with forced ventilation (108 m^3/min), the concentration of TCS decreased from 497.4 to 214.5 μg/kg, and the concentration of TCC decreased from 823.2 to 172.7 μg/kg. The biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were 65.2% and 83.1%, respectively. However, after the sewage sludge was stacked for 16 days, the biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were only 17.0% and 18.2%, respectively. The environmental risks of TCS and TCC in the sewage sludge piles significantly decreased after composting. In the sludge pile with a ventilation rate of 108 m/min, the RQ values of TCS and TCC decreased from 8.29 and 20.58 to 3.58 and 4.32 after composting for 16 days, respectively. There is still a high risk if the sludge compost is directly used as a culture substrate. Nevertheless, the environmental risk could be decreased distinctly if a reasonable quantity of sludge compost is applied to land to ensure an RQ of< 1 for TCS and TCC.

关键词： sewage sludge Compost Triclosan Triclocarban Ventilation Risk assessment

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Analysis of bacterial community structures in two sewage treatment plants with different sludge properties and treatment performance by nested PCR-DGGE method

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第1期19卷 60-66页

作者： LIU Xin-chun ZHANG Yu YANG Min WANG Zhen-yu LV Wen-zhou State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beifing 100085 China

The bacterial community structures in two sewage treatment plants with different processes and performance were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of nested polymerase chain reaction （nested PCR） amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments with group-specific primers. Samples of raw sewage and treated effluents were amplified using the whole-cell PCR method, and the activated sludge samples were amplified using the extracted genomic DNA before the PCR products were loaded on the same DGGE gel for bacterial community analysis. Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial and actinomycetic community analysis were also carried out to investigate the relationship between specific population structures and system or sludge performance. The two plants demonstrated a similarity in bacterial community structures of raw sewage and activated sludge, but they had different effluent populations. Many dominant bacterial populations of raw sewage did not appear in the activated sludge samples, suggesting that the dominant bacterial populations in raw sewage might not play an important role during wastewater treatment. Although the two plants had different sludge properties in terms of settleability and foam forming ability, they demonstrated similar actinomycetic community structures. For activated sludge with bad settling performance, the treated water presented a similar DGGE pattern with that of activated sludge, indicating the nonselective washout of bacteria from the system. The plant with better ammonium removal efficiency showed higher ammonia-oxidizing bacteria species richness. Analysis of sequencing results showed that the major populations in raw sewage were uncultured bacterium, while in activated sludge the predominant populations were beta proteobacteria.

关键词： activated sludge wastewater treatment sewage community analysis PCR-DGGE

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Influence of the Addition of Cotton Stalk during Co-pyrolysis with sewage Sludge on the Properties, Surface Characteristics, and Ecological Risks of Biochars

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第4期28卷 755-762页

作者： WANG Zhipu WANG Jian XIE Like ZHU Henan SHU Xinqian School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Geosciences and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Research Institute of Experiment and Detection of Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay 834000China Xinjiang Laboratory of Petroleum Reserve in Conglomerate Karamay 834000China

sewage sludge produced by municipal sewage treatment plants can potentially be used as a biomass energy source because of its high organic ***,the conversion and utilization of rapidly growing amounts of sewage sludge represent an urgent challenge in *** conversion of sewage sludge to biochar through pyrolysis is a promising solution to this ***,biochar produced by pyrolysis of sewage sludge alone has a poor pore structure as a result of its low C content and high ash ***,it is enriched in heavy metals that may pose high ecological *** this study,we addressed these issues through co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and cotton stalks(1:1,wt./wt.)at different pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 350℃ to 750℃.The properties and surface characteristics of the biochars were ***,the transformation behavior of heavy metals during the co-pyrolysis process was studied,and the potential ecological risks of heavy metals in biochars were *** results showed that elevated pyrolysis temperatures reduced the biochar yield and C content of the biochars,whereas such temperatures increased the pH value and ash content of the *** biochars prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures were all mesoporous *** elevated temperatures promoted the transformation of heavy metals from mobile fractions to stable ones,thus resulting in a significant decrease in the ecological *** summary,co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge with cotton stalks proved to be a feasible method for the conversion and utilization of sewage sludge.

关键词： co-pyrolysis sewage sludge cotton stalk biochar

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Distribution and elimination of polycyclic musks in three sewage treatment plants of Beijing, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第5期21卷 561-567页

作者： ZHOU Haidong HUANG Xia GAO Mijun WANG Xiaolin WEN Xianghua State Key laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 China

The two representative polycyclic musks, 1-（5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-2-naphthenyl）-ethanone （AHTN） and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyrane （HHCB）, were measured in aqueous samples and sludge samples of three sewage treatment plants （STPs） in Beijing, China using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. The HHCB and AHTN concentration ranges in the influents were 1251.4-3003.8 ng/L and 111.9-286.3 ng/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the ranges of 492.8-1285.3 ng/L for HHCB and 47.3-89.3 ng/L for AHTN were present in the effluents. The musks in the sludges were three to four orders of magnitude higher than those in aqueous sewages. The removal *** the two musks varied in the ranges of 41.7%- 70.1% for HHCB, and 25.5%-68.8% for AHTN. Adsorption onto suspended particulate matter played an important role in removing musks from the sewages. The HHCB/AHTN ratio along the treatment processes showed that the two musks had high similarity of removal from sewage by each reactor in STP. The musks in the effluent sewages may pose a low potential risk to aquatic environment in terms of the predicted-non-effect concentration. Nevertheless, considering the possible additive and synergistic effects with other compounds emitted via STPs, their bioconcentration and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms and so on, it is essential to monitor these compounds in various compartments and to study their environmental fate.

关键词： polycyclic musks sewage sludge removal efficiency galaxolide tonalide

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Effect of manganese oxide-modified biochar addition on methane production and heavy metal speciation during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第2期31卷 267-277页

作者： Jianhua Li Min Zhang Zhiyin Ye Changming Yang Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education Tongji University

Low organic matter content and high heavy metal levels severely inhibit the anaerobic digestion(AD) of sewage sludge. In this study, the effect of added manganese oxidemodified biochar composite(MBC) on methane production and heavy metal fractionation during sewage sludge AD was examined. The MBC could increase the buffering capacity,enhance the methane production and degradation of intermediate acids, buffer the pH of the culture, and stabilize the sewage sludge AD process. The application of MBC positively impacted methane production and the cumulative methane yield increased up to 121.97%,as compared with the control. The MBC addition can improve metal stabilization in the digestate. An optimum MBC dose of 2.36 g was recommended, which would produce up to 121.1 L/kg volatile solids of methane. After the AD process, even though most of the metals accumulated in the residual solids, they could be transformation from the bio-available fractions to a more stable fraction. The total organic-and sulfide-bound and residual fraction content at a 3 g dose of MBC that is 0.12 g/g dry matter were 51.06% and 35.11% higher than the control, respectively. The results indicated that the application of MBC could improve the performance of AD and promote stabilization of heavy metals in sewage sludge post the AD process.

关键词： sewage sludge Anaerobic digestion Manganese oxide-modified biochar (MBC) Methane production Heavy metals Chemical species

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Effects of tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate pretreatment on characteristics of sewage sludge

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 174-182页

作者： Yunping Han Wenzhe Zhang Xiao Yu Panfen Yu Benyi Xiao Hao Yi Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Textiles and Clothing Qingdao University South China Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Environmental Protection

Recently, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate(THPS) was found to play an important role in the sludge pretreatment process. However, the effects of THPS pretreatment on the characteristics of sewage sludge are still insufficiently *** properties of sludge after pretreatment with different concentrations of THPS were investigated in this study. The results showed that pH, dewatering ability, and particle size of sludge decreased with increase in THPS concentration. The volatile suspended solids(VSS) and total suspended solids(TSS) of sludge also decreased slightly with increase in THPS concentration. The specific oxygen uptake rate(SOUR) results suggested that lower THPS concentrations(≤ 1.87 mg/g VSS) enhanced the activity of sludge, but higher concentrations(≥ 1.87 mg/g VSS) inhibited it. Gram-negative bacteria with peritrichous flagellation(such as Pseudomonas, Escherichia, and Faecalibacterium) were extremely sensitive to THPS. The decrease in specific most probable numbers(MPNs) of pathogens(total coliforms and Escherichia coli) with the increase in THPS concentration also proved the sterilization ability of THPS in the sludge pretreatment process. Pretreatment of sludge with concentrations of THPS higher than 37.41 mg/g VSS would meet the pathogen requirements for land application of Class A biosolids.

关键词： sewage sludge Tetrakis(hydroxymerhyl) phosphonium sulfate Physicochemical properties Microbial community Pathogens

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Characterization of dissolved organic matter in urban sewage using excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第11期22卷 1728-1734页

作者： Weidong Guo Jing Xu Jiangping Wang Yingrou Wen Jianfu Zhuo Yuchao Yan State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China. Joint Key Laboratory of Coastal Study (XMU & FJIO) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

Wastewater dissolved organic matter （DOM） from different processing stages of a sewage treatment plant in Xiamen was characterized using fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. Parallel factor analysis modeling of excitation-emission matrix spectra revealed five fluorescent components occurring in sewage DOM： one protein-like （C1）, three humic-like （C2, C4 and C5） and one xenobiotic-like （C3） components. During the aerated grit chamber and primary sedimentation tank stage, there was only a slight decrease in fluorescence intensity and the absorption coefficient at 350 nm （a 350 ）. During the second aeration stage, high concentration of protein-like and short-wavelength-excited humic-like components were significantly degraded accompanied by significant loss of DOC （80%） and a 350 （30%）, indicating that C1 and C2 were the dominant constituents of sewage DOM. As a result, long-wavelength- excited C4 and C5 became the dominant humic-like components and the DOM molecular size inferred from the variation of spectral slope S （300–650 nm） and specific absorption （a 280 /DOC） increased. Combination use of F max of C1 and the ratio of C1/C5, or a 350 may provide a quantitative indication for the relative amount of raw or treated sewage in aquatic environment.

关键词： dissolved organic matter sewage fluorescence EEM parallel factor analysis

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Development of Submersible Corrugated Pipe sewage Heat Exchanger

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湖南大学学报（自然科学版） 2009年第S1期36卷 172-176页

作者： BAI Li1,2,SHI Yan1,TAN Yu-fei2(1.Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Jilin Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Changchun,Jilin 130021,China 2.Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150090,China) Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Jilin Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering Changchun 130021 China Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China

Based on the characteristics of heat transfer for corrugated pipe,a method of calculating and design on the submersible corrugated pipe sewage heat exchanger was put forward theoretically and *** actual movement parameters of air-conditioning system used in this heat exchanger were *** experimental result shows that the quantity of heat transfer of the corrugated pipe sewage heat exchanger can satisfy the building's load with the average coefficient of performance *** the same time,the quantity of heat transfer of the corrugated pipe sewage heat exchanger was compared with that of the other nonmetallic sewage heat exchangers(i.e.,the plastic-Al pipe sewage heat exchanger and PP-R pipe sewage heat exchanger)*** is found out that the effect of heat transfer for submersible corrugated pipe sewage heat exchanger is superior to those of the plastic-Al pipe and the PP-R *** quantity of heat transfer per mile of corrugated pipe sewage heat exchanger is 5.2 times as much as that of the plastic-Al pipe,and it is 8.1 times as much as that of PP-R pipe.

关键词： corrugated pipe sewage heat exchanger sewage heat energy

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