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Reliability-based settlement analysis of embankments over soft soils reinforced with T-shaped deep cement mixing piles

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 638-656页

作者： Chana PHUTTHANANON Pornkasem JONGPRADIST Daniel DIAS Xiangfeng GUO Pitthaya JAMSAWANG Julien BAROTH Construction Innovations and Future Infrastructures Research Center Department of Civil EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringKing Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkok 10140Thailand 3SR Laboratory Grenoble INPFrench National Centre for Scientific Research(CNRS)Grenoble Alpes UniversityGrenoble 38000France Antea Group Antony 92160France Soil Engineering Research Center Department of Civil EngineeringKing Mongkut’s University of Technology North BangkokBangkok 10800Thailand

This paper presents a reliability-based settlement analysis of T-shaped deep cement mixing(TDM)pile-supported embankments over soft soils.The uncertainties of the mechanical properties of the in-situ soil,pile,and embankment,and the effect of the pile shape are considered simultaneously.The analyses are performed using Monte Carlo Simulations in combination with an adaptive Kriging(using adaptive sampling algorithm).Individual and system failure probabilities,in terms of the differential and maximum settlements(serviceability limit state(SLS)requirements),are considered.The reliability results for the embankments supported by TDM piles,with various shapes,are compared and discussed together with the results for conventional deep cement mixing pile-supported embankments with equivalent pile volumes.The influences of the inherent variabilities in the material properties(mean and coefficient of variation values)on the reliability of the piled embankments,are also investigated.This study shows that large TDM piles,particularly those with a shape factor of greater than 3,can enhance the reliability of the embankment in terms of SLS requirements,and even avoid unacceptable reliability levels caused by variability in the material properties.

关键词： T-shaped deep cement mixing piles piled embankments settlement reliability analysis soil uncertainties

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Enhanced elastic beam model with BADS integrated for settlement assessment of immersed tunnels

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Underground Space 2023年第5期12卷 79-88页

作者： Cong Tang Shu-Yu He Zheng Guan Wan-Huan Zhou Zhen-Yu Yin State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of MacaoTaipaMacao 999078China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Excessive settlement may induce structural damage and water leakage in immersed tunnels,seriously threatening the tunnels’safety.However,making accurate assessment of the settlement in immersed tunnels is difficult due to the incomplete knowledge of the geotechnical parameters and the inadequacy of the model itself.This paper proposes an effective method to accurately assess the settlement in immersed tunnels.An enhanced beam on elastic foundation model(E-BEFM)is developed for the settlement assessment,with the Bayesian adaptive direct search algorithm adopted to estimate unknown model parameters based on previous observations.The proposed method is applied to a field case of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao immersed tunnel.The original BEFM is used for comparison to highlight the better assessment performance of E-BEFM,particularly for joints’differential settlement.Results show that the proposed method can provide accurate predictions of the total settlement,angular distortion(a representation of tubes’relatively differential settlement),and joints’differential settlement,which consequently supports the associated maintenance decision-making and potential risk prevention for immersed tunnels in service.

关键词： Immersed tunnel settlement Beam on elastic foundation model Bayesian adaptive direct search Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao tunnel

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Analysis of ground deformation development and settlement prediction by air-boosted vacuum preloading

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第1期14卷 272-288页

作者： Shuangxi Feng Huayang Lei Cheng Lin Department of Civil Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin300354China Key Laboratory of Coast Civil Structure Safety of the Ministry of Education Tianjin UniversityTianjin300354China Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Simulation of Engineering Earthquake and Urban-Rural Seismic Resilience China Earthquak AdministrationTianjin300354China Department of Civil Engineering University of VictoriaVictoriaBCV8P 5C2Canada

Vacuum preloading has been widely used to improve soft soils in coastal areas of China.An increasing amount of evidence from field operations has shown that conventional vacuum preloading is prone to clogging in prefabricated vertical drains(PVDs)and demands a large volume of sand fills.In recent years,air-boosted vacuum preloading has been developed to overcome these limitations;however,this method still requires more data to verify its performance.In this study,a field test for air-boosted vacuum preloading was conducted,and a large-strain two-dimensional(2D)finite element(FE)model was developed and validated against the field test data.Then,a series of FE parametric analyses was performed to assess key factors,i.***.the air injection pressure,the injection spacing,and the characteristics of cyclic injection,which affect the performance of the air-boosted vacuum preloading.The results showed that the ground settlement and lateral displacement of the soils increased due to an increase in the injection pressure,a decrease in the injection spacing,or increases in the number and duration of the injection cycles.Based on the parametric analyses,an empirical formula for ground settlement prediction was proposed and compared with a case history reported in the literature,showing good agreement.

关键词： Air-boosted vacuum preloading Field test Numerical modeling settlement Soft soils Ground improvement

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settlement mechanism of piled-raft foundation due to cyclic train loads and its countermeasure

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2017年第3期16卷 499-511页

作者： Gu Linlin Ye Guanlin Wang Zhen Ling Xianzhang Zhang Feng Department of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Department of Civil Engineering and State key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji University Department of Civil Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology

In this paper, numerical simulation with soil-water coupling finite element-finite difference（FE-FD） analysis is conducted to investigate the settlement and the excess pore water pressure（EPWP） of a piled-raft foundation due to cyclic high-speed（speed： 300km/h） train loading. To demonstrate the performance of this numerical simulation, the settlement and EPWP in the ground under the train loading within one month was calculated and confirmed by monitoring data, which shows that the change of the settlement and EPWP can be simulated well on the whole. In order to ensure the safety of train operation, countermeasure by the fracturing grouting is proposed. Two cases are analyzed, namely, grouting in No-4 softest layer and No-9 pile bearing layer respectively. It is found that fracturing grouting in the pile bearing layer（No-9 layer） has better effect on reducing the settlement.

关键词： high-speed train piled-raft foundation FEM settlement soil-pile interaction fracturing grouting.

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An analytical solution to estimate the settlement of tailings or backfill slurry by considering the sedimentation and consolidation

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第3期31卷 463-471页

作者： Jiahao Qin Jian Zheng Li Li Research Institute of Mining and Environment(RIME UQAT-Polytechnique) Department of CivilGeological and Mining EngineeringMontréalQuébec H3C 3A7Canada

A common and important task in mining industry is to estimate the settlement or final volume of the tailings or backfill associated with sedimentation and self-weight consolidation. Up to now however, most existing analytical solutions were developed by only considering the settlement induced by consolidation. In this paper, the process of shrinkage tests has been compared with those of sedimentation and consolidation. It was shown that the pore water and particles movement in the sedimentation are very similar to that in the normal shrinkage. The void ratio at the end of sedimentation is thus for the first time considered to be equal to the void ratio at desaturation onset of shrinkage tests. An analytical solution was then proposed to estimate the settlement of tailings or backfill by considering the sedimentation and consolidation. To validate the proposed analytical solution, tailing deposition tests were conducted in two molds to simulate the tailings impoundment and underground mine stope. The required parameters were obtained through shrinkage and consolidation tests. Good agreements were obtained between the measured settlements and those calculated by the proposed solution. The proposed solution can thus be considered as validated and used to evaluate the settlement of tailings or backfill slurry.

关键词： Shrinkage Sedimentation Consolidation settlement Tailings Backfill

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Spatial-temporal variations of natural suitability of human settlement environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area A case study in Fengjie County,China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第1期13卷 1-17页

作者： Jieqiong LUO Tinggang ZHOU Peijun DU Zhigang XU Key Laboratory for Satellite Mapping Technology and Applications of State Administration of Surveying Mapping and Geoinformation of China Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Provincial Key Labomtory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for CoUabomtive Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China School of Geographical Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education) Chongqing 400715China

With rapid environmental degeneration and socio-economie development,the human settlement environment (HSE)has experienced dramatic changes and attracted attention from different communities.Consequently,the spatial-temporal evaluation of natural suitability of the human settlement environment (NSHSE)has become essential for understanding the patterns and dynamics of HSE,and for coordinating sustainable development among regional populations,resources,and environments.This study aims to explore the spatialtemporal evolution of NSHSE patterns in 1997,2005,and 2009 in Fengjie County near the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA).A spatially weighted NSHSE model was established by integrating multi-source data (e.g.,census data,meteorological data,remote sensing images,DEM data,and GIS data)into one framework,where the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)linear regression model was applied to calculate the weights of indices in the NSHSE model.Results show that the trend of natural suitability has been first downward and then upward, which is evidenced by the disparity of NSHSE existing in the south,north,and central areas of Fengjie County. Results also reveal clustered NSHSE patterns for all 30 townships.Meanwhile,NSHSE has significant influence on population distribution,and 71.49% of the total population is living in moderate and high suitable districts.

关键词： natural suitability of human settlement environment ordinary least squares model global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) Fengjie Cotmty

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Prediction of shield tunneling-induced ground settlement using machine learning techniques

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第6期13卷 1363-1378页

作者： Renpeng CHEN Pin ZHANG Huaina WU Zhiteng WANG Zhiquan ZHONG Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China National Joint Research Center for Building Safety and Environment Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China College of Civil Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China China Construction Fifth Engineering Division Co. LtdChangsha 410082China

Predicting the tunneling-induced maximum ground surface settlement is a complex problem since the settlement depends on plenty of intrinsic and extrinsic factors.This study investigates the efficiency and feasibility of six machine learning(ML)algorithms,namely,back-propagation neural network,wavelet neural network,general regression neural network(GRNN),extreme learning machine,support vector machine and random forest(RF),to predict tunneling?induced settlement.Field data sets including geological conditions,shield operational parameters,and tunnel geometry collected from four sections of tunnel with a total of 3.93 km are used to build models.Three indicators,mean absolute error,root mean absolute error,and coefficient of determination the(7?2)are used to demonstrate the performance of each computational model.The results indicated that ML algorithms have great potential to predict tunneling-induced settlement,compared with the traditional multivariate linear regression method.GRNN and RF algorithms show the best performance among six ML algorithms,which accurately recognize the evolution of tunneling-induced settlement.The correlation between the input variables and settlement is also investigated by Pearson correlation coefficient.

关键词： EPB shield shield tunneling settlement prediction machine learning

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Predicting the response of continuous RC deep beams under varying levels of differential settlement

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 686-700页

作者： M.Z.NASER R.A.HAWILEH Glenn Department of Civil Engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Department of Civil Engineering American University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute American University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates

This paper investigates the effect of differential support settlement on shear strength and behavior of continuous reinforced concrete(RC)deep beams.A total of twenty three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models were developed taking into account various constitutive laws for concrete material in compression(crushing)and tension(cracking),steel plasticity(i.e.,yielding and strain hardening),bond-slip at the concrete and steel reinforcement interface as well as unique behavior of spring-like support elements.These models are first validated by comparing numerical predictions in terms of load-deflection response,crack propagation,reaction distribution,and failure mode against that of measured experimental data reported in literature.Once the developed models were successfully validated,a parametric study was designed and performed.This parametric study examined number of critical parameters such as ratio and spacing of the longitudinal and vertical reinforcement,compressive and tensile strength of concrete,as well as degree(stiffness)and location of support stiffness to induce varying levels of differential settlement.This study also aims at presenting a numerical approach using finite element simulation,supplemented with coherent assumptions,such that engineers,practitioners,and researchers can carry out simple,but yet effective and realistic analysis of RC structural members undergoing differential settlements due to variety of load actions.

关键词： concrete continuous beams deep beams finite element modeling support settlement

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Physical upgrading plan for slum riverside settlement in traditional area:A case study in Kuin Utara,Banjarmasin,Indonesia

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2019年第3期8卷 378-395页

作者： Meidwinna Vania Michiani Junichiro Asano Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Toyohashi University of TechnologyToyohashiAichi4418122Japan

This study aims to draw basic and global concepts for the physical improvement of slum riverside settlements as a fundamental step toward formalizing and securing tenure.Moreover,this work specifies attempts to arrange an upgrading plan derived from the basic strategy for our target location in the traditional settlement of Kuin Utara without failing to recognize its uniqueness and cultural activities.This paper discloses that the basic concept for physical upgrading in a slum settlement consists of three elements:(1)arranging street networks as fundamental systems that structure the settlement,(2)constructing public utility systems that are essential for livelihoods,and(3)providing common space and amenities as"external organs”that form identities and reveal the physical beauty of the location.The proposed infrastructures shall be directed to protect the local cultures and sociocultural activities of the inhabitants.The plan should also be adjusted with respect to the economic constraints in developing countries.Moreover,the improvement strategy for poor housings shall not orientate to modernization merely for beautification without considering the basic aspect:maintaining the dweller’s livelihood.

关键词： Slum Riverside settlement improvement plan Physical upgrading

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聚落适应性研究综述与展望

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China City Planning Review 2022年第4期31卷 28-37页

作者：陈耸高梦瑶周政旭 School of Landscape Architecture Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingP.R.China School of Architecture Tsinghua UniversityBeijingP.R.China

Adaptation research is a key area in the research on the Sciences of Human settlements. Based on tracing the origin of the concept of adaptation and reviewing relevant studies, this paper attempts to propose the concept of settlement adaptation and answer the three core questions of “object of adaptation,” “subject of adaptation,” and “type and process of adaptation.” Then, the paper summarizes the main contents of the settlement adaptation research, including the research on adaptive construction of traditional settlements centered on climate adaptation, water adaptation, and terrain adaptation, as well as that on the evolutionary characteristics and mechanisms in the process of settlement adaptation. In the end,the paper points out the directions of future settlement adaptation research: systematic and holistic theoretical research;cross-scale, inter-temporal,and multi-regional empirical research;methodological innovation supported by emerging technologies;planning and design innovation to address current challenges. The relevant research and practice of settlement adaptation can provide support and reference for the sustainable development of settlements.

关键词： settlement adaptation human settlements research overview research prospect

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