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Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sri Lanka:Experience from the National Reference Laboratory

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第3期15卷 114-120页

作者： Lilani Karunanayake Veeraraghavan Balaji K.D.N.Gunawardana Rosemol Varghese Vayishnavi Ariram Malka Dassanayake Vaithehi Rajeevan Francis Lakmini Yapa Chamika Herath Nambage Shirani Chandrasiri Priyanka Wimalagunawardhana K.Dhananja Namalie C.T.Hapuarachchi Department of Bacteriology Medical Research InstituteColomboSri Lanka Department of Microbiology Christian Medical CollegeVelloreIndia Lady Ridgeway Children’s Hospital ColomboSri Lanka Department of Pathophysiology Faculty of Healthcare SciencesEastern UniversitySri Lanka Teaching Hospital AnuradhapuraSri Lanka District General Hospital MoneragalaSri Lanka Colombo South Teaching Hospital KalubowilaSri Lanka District General Hospital PolonnaruwaSri Lanka North Colombo Teaching Hospital RagamaSri Lanka District General Hospital MannarSri Lanka

Objective:To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Neisseria(N.)meningitidis and Streptococcus(S.)pneumoniae in Sri Lankan ***:We retrospectively analyzed 11 blood culture specimens from suspected patients with invasive meningococcal disease and 26 *** clinical *** tested 6 antimicrobials against *** and 12 antimicrobials against *** serogroup was determined by realtime PCR and Quellung serotyping was used for pneumococcal ***:*** serogroup B was the most common in this ***-susceptibility to penicillin was seen in 75.0%(6/8)of *** to ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin and cotrimoxazole was 62.5%(5/8),62.5%(5/8)and 87.5%(7/8),*** susceptibility was seen in cefotaxime and *** ***,the most common serotype was 19F in both invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal *** majority of strains showed multidrug *** non-susceptibility in non-meningeal strains were 13.6%and all meningeal strains were penicillin *** was highly resistant in both *** showed excellent susceptibility in non-invasive pneumococcal diseases ***,levofloxacin and vancomycin showed 100.0%susceptibility in all pneumococcal ***:Implementation of vaccines should be considered,especially for children and high-risk *** may contribute to reducing pneumococcal and meningococcal invasive disease burden and help prevent emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains.

关键词： Neisseria meningitidis Streptococcus pneumoniae Sri Lanka Antimicrobial resistance serotypes Invasive bacterial diseases

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serotypes of Bacteria Encountered in Childhood Purulent Meningitis in Children in Parakou (Benin) in 2011

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第1期6卷 109-119页

作者： Joseph Agossou Julien Didier Adédémy Alphonse Noudamadjo Mahougnon Rachelle Mariette Houessou Pierre Tsawlassou Rolande Assogba Godonou Gracien Sagbo Honorat Francis Lalya Maroufou Jules Alao Honoré Bankolé F. Hounsou Rock Aristide Sossou José Biey Martin Antonio Claire Oluwalana Jarju Sheikh Sikiratou Adéothy-Koumakpaï Ayélèrou Simon Akpona Blaise Ayivi Department of Mother and Child Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Borgou Regional University Teaching Hospital Parakou Benin Department of Mother and Child Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Ministry of Health of Benin Cotonou Benin WHO/Benin Cotonou Benin Medical Research Council Laboratories Banjul Gambia Department of Fundamental Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry Teaching & Research Unit Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin

Introduction: In the North-Benin, there are three agents causing pediatric purulent meningitis outside the neonatal period. These are: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type b. The aim of this research work was to investigate bacteria serotypes that caused childhood purulent meningitis in the pediatric unit of the Borgou à Regional University Teaching Hospital (CHUD-Borgou) located in Parakou (North-Benin). Patients and Methods: Through a prospective and descriptive study centered on children aged 0 to 5 years old suspected of meningitis and hospitalized, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of those children were analyzed at the WHO reference laboratory in Banjul for serotyping by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR). Results: Among the 1396 children hospitalized during that period, 366 were suspected of meningitis and had benefitted from lumbar puncture. Among those 366 suspected cases, 51 cases of purulent meningitis were confirmed after CSF cytobacteriological and biochemical test at the CHUD-Borgou laboratory. Among 51 CSF samples in which purulent meningitis was confirmed, 44 were sent to Banjul. In addition, 310 CSF samples from non-confirmed cases of meningitis were also sent to Banjul. In the whole set of samples sent for real time PCR, 151 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae (42.7%) were found, 5 cases of Neisseria meningitidis (1.4%) and 1 case of Haemophilus influenzae (0.3%) were also encountered. As regards Streptococcus pneumonia, the serotypes encountered were: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7F, 8, 9V, 9V/9A, 9N/9L, 14, 18C, 19A, 23F, 33F as well as non typed and non typable serotypes. As for Neisseria meningitidis, only serogroup A was found in it. For Haemophilus influenzae, only serotype b was identified. Conclusion: Four non vaccine serotypes (8, 9V/9A, 9N/9L and 33F), non typed and non typable serotypes which are not covered by 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV 13) were identified. This highlights the ne

关键词： Purulent Meningitis Children Bacteria serotypes Benin

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serotypes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Nasopharyngeal Pneumococci Isolated from HIV-Infected Children in Selected Pediatric Clinics in Nairobi, Kenya

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2016年第1期6卷 42-52页

作者： Catherine N. Mwangi Gunturu Revathi Anne W. Muigai Samuel Kariuki Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is one of the most frequent causes of bacterial infection in children and is a leading cause of otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, and meningitis worldwide. Nasopharyngeal colonization is a risk factor for pneumococcal disease, a leading cause of complications and death in infants. HIV-infected persons are at high risk of invasive pneumococcal disease. Method: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 296 HIV infected children below five years recruited from Gertrude’s Children hospital and Nazareth Hospital Nairobi, Kenya. The nasopharyngeal swabs were processed to isolate S. pneumoniae, which were serotyped and tested for drug susceptibility. Results: The carriage prevalence of S. pneumoniae in the study was 30.4% while the isolated serotypes were (in order of decreasing frequency): 35B, 19F, 3, 13, 15A, 11A, 16F, 7C and 23A. Most of the serotypes were resistant to the commonly used antibiotics but all were susceptible to vancomycin and chloramphenicol. Conclusion: Carriage prevalence of nasopharyngeal S. pneumonia in HIV infected children was lower than that of similar prevalence studies in children. Most of the S. pneumoniae isolates were however non pneumococcal vaccine isolates.

关键词： Streptococcus pneumoniae Nasopharynx serotypes HIV Children PCV

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Comparative Assessment of Growth and Gene Regulation between 4 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniaein Broth and Cell Culture

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Advances in Microbiology 2018年第10期8卷 763-777页

作者： Ben Seabolt Jeff Brady Janice Speshock Department of Biological Sciences Tarleton State University Stephenville TX USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center Stephenville TX USA

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a medically important pathogen capable of causing human infections of pneumonia, bacteremia, otitis media, and meningitis. Although there are vaccinations available, infections with S. pneumoniae still remains a global problem. S. pneumoniae is a highly adaptable bacterial species with numerous serotypes based on capsular polysaccharides. The different serotypes vary in their ability to colonize and causing pathology. Here we compared the regulation of five different virulence factors from four common serotypes of S. pneumoniae that vary in their carriage, morbidity, and mortality rates in the human population using two different in vitro methods, broth and cell culture. We determine that there is variation of virulence factor gene regulation within a serotype using two different culture methods, and variation between the serotypes in the same culture condition. The regulation of genes appeared to have a correlation with the ability of the various serotypes to grow in broth culture, adhere to cultured lung cells, and invade the cultured lung cells, as serotypes that shared similar regulation of virulence factors tended to behave similarly in culture. Many studies with S. pneumoniae rely on the use of one selected serotype, but since there is a wide variation in the growth and regulatory mechanisms of these bacteria. As demonstrated here, future studies should utilize more strains in models before concluding mechanisms of pathobiology.

关键词： Pneumococcus serotypes Gene Expression Regulation

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Molecular Characterization of the Four serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4) of Dengue Virus Circulating in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第4期14卷 565-578页

作者： Shoukrat Ohuwa Toyin Bello Aziz Sidi Aristide Tapsoba Abdou Azaque Zoure Yidia Jean Romaric Bassole Wend-La-Sida Kévin Yogo Prosper Bado Olawoumi Fabrice Kouta Fadilatou Tassembedo Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma Abdoulaye Diabate Jacques Simpore African Centre of Excellence in Biotechnological Innovations for the Elimination of Vector-Borne Diseases (CEA/ITECH-MTV) Nazi BONI University Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS/CNRST) Department of Biomedical and Public Health CNRST/IRSS Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Faculty of Health Sciences Saint Thomas Aquinas University (USTA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou (HOSCO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS/CNRST)/Muraz Centre Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Background and Objectives: Dengue is an arbovirosis caused by the dengue virus with 04 serotypes. The aim of the study was to characterise the four serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4) of the dengue virus circulating in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study that included 2833 patients and was carried out from January 2021 to December 2022. Rapid diagnosis of dengue was performed using the “Dengue Duo (AgNS1/IgM/IgG)” kit (SD Bioline, Korea). Viral RNA was extracted using the QIAGEN RNA RNeasy Plus Mini Kit (Quiagen, Germany) and virus serotypes were identified using the DENGUE Real-TM Genotype PCR kit (Sacace biotechnologies, Italy). Platelet counts were also performed using the XN-1500 Sysmex. Results: The prevalence of acute infections (NS1Ag positive) by TDR was 5.7% (162/2833), with the peak of dengue virus infection occurring between October and November. On the other hand, the AgNS1+ samples tested by RT-PCR were 53.7% positive for dengue virus;this shows the extent of probable cross-reactions with rapid diagnostic tests and false positives. Serotype 1 accounted for 52.6%, 28.4% had serotype 3, 16.8% had serotype 2 and 2.1% had serotype 4. We found cases of co-infection with DENV-1 and DENV-2 in two patients, co-infection with DENV-1 and DENV-3 in three patients, co-infection with DENV-1 and DENV-4 in one patient, co-infection with DENV-3 and DENV-4 in one patient and co-infection with three serotypes, DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3 in one patient. Conclusion: The study showed that all four serotypes of the dengue virus were circulating in Ouagadougou. Serotype 1 was predominant.

关键词： Dengue Virus serotypes RT-PCR Burkina Faso

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Spatial Trend of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) serotypes in Cattle and Buffaloes, Pakistan

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Virologica Sinica 2012年第5期27卷 320-323页

作者： Muhammad Abubakar Muhammad Javed Arshed Qurban Ali Manzoor Hussain National Veterinary Laboratory

The present study describes the frequency of Foot and Mouth Disease （FMD） virus serotypes （O, A and Asia-l） in major regions （all provinces） of Pakistan using Indirect Sandwich ELISA. Also, spatial distribution of various FMD serotypes and their comparison is discussed. A total of 590 samples （Epithelial tissue） have been analyzed during a period of five years （2005-2009）. Out of 590 samples, 180 were found positive, giving an overall confirmation of FMDV about 33.2 %. Of the prevalent serotypes, FMDV ＇O＇ serotype caused most outbreaks （20.7 %）, followed by serotype A （6.6 %） and serotype Asia-1 （4.6 %） while there was no positive case of type ＇C＇. The study clearly showed that the disease was more frequent in the agro-climatic zones than in hilly areas. Based on the data of 590 samples （〉50 outbreaks）, the overall prevalence of FMDV in cattle and buffaloes in Pakistan was 33.2 %, while in cattle alone, it was 37.1%, higher than in buffalo （28.7 %）. There were eight cases of mixed serotypes infection, indicating the presence of endemic state of disease. Another significant feature was the change over time. In phase-I （2005-2007）, there was an overall prevalence of 29.4 %, while the occurrence of the serotype O, A and Asia-1 was 20.4 %, 2.9 % and 4.7 %, respectively. During phase-II （2008-2009）, the overall prevalence was 59.21%, while those of serotype O, A and Asia-1 were 22.4 %, 31.6 % and 4.0 %, respectively. This clearly indicated a shift from serotype O to A, which may help to explain the occurrence of more severe outbreaks, despite vaccination.

关键词： Spatial and Temporal Distribution Serotype shift Foot and Mouth disease (FMD) Virus Indirect Sandwich ELISA serotypes

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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for the Detection of Listeria monocytogenesand Major Pathogenic serotypes

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2014年第16期5卷 1057-1064页

作者： Ana Paula Rocha da Costa Mariana de Lira Nunes Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques Alzira Maria Paiva de Almeida Nilma Cintra Leal Departamento de Microbiologia Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalh&atilde es FIOCRUZ-PE Recife Brazil

Rapid identification and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes are required for the food industry, epidemiological studies, and disease prevention and control. However, typing procedures are labor-intensive and time-consuming, and they require technical expertise, a panel of sera and reference culture strains or sophisticated and expensive equipment. To improve upon traditional diagnostic methods for L. monocytogenes we developed and evaluated an efficient procedure for the specific identification of L. monocytogenes and the major pathogenic serotypes of the species based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Four individual reactions were designed using primers targeting any L. monocytogenes serotypes (LAMP-AS) and the 1/2a (LAMP-1/2a), 1/2b (LAMP-1/2b), and 4b (LAMP-4b) serotypes. The procedure distinguished L. monocytogenes from closely genetically related species and the targeted serotypes. Cross-reactivity with a few rare serotypes isolated from food or clinical samples did not impair the usefulness of the procedure. Thus, our approach constitutes a fast, easy and low-cost alternative for L. monocytogenes diagnosis and serotyping and may be useful for surveillance and epidemiological investigation programs.

关键词： Listeria monocytogenes Diagnosis serotypes Identification LAMP

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Changes in the Rate of Human Papilloma Virus serotypes after Vaccine Implementation: A Descriptive Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第5期13卷 934-949页

作者： Ana María Colino Gallardo Montserrat de la Torre Serrano Lone Nielsen Alejandro Pascual Martín Concepción Millana de Ynes María Jesús González Fuensalida Patricia Barreiro Sanabria Eva Rodríguez Escudero Dolores García López Aranzazu Gómez Rodríguez Rosa Rodero Villanueva María Jesús Fernández Aceñero Department of Surgical Pathology Hospital Clínico San Carlos Madrid Spain Department of Surgical Pathology Hospital Universitario del Sureste Madrid Spain Grupo de Investigación en Anatomía Patológica Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC Madrid Spain Department of Legal Medicine Psychiatry and Surgical Pathology Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain

Background: The main objective of this study is to describe the rate of the different serotypes of HPV in cervical cytologies and biopsies in three different periods: 2002-2006 (prior to the implementation of the vaccination programs in Spain), 2009-2011 (shortly after this implementation) and 2020 (almost 15 years after introduction of the vaccine) at a single hospital. Methods: This is an observational, descriptive, retrospective study based on the review of the results of the determination of the HPV serotype using the commercial kit (Genomica®;PharmaMar LTD) in cervical liquid-based cytologies and biopsies at a single large tertiary hospital, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, in Madrid, Spain. We have collected the data from three different time periods: 2002-2006;2009-2011, and 2020 to try to understand the potential changes associated with the use of the vaccine. Results: In these time periods we have reviewed the data from 1420 women. In the three periods the most frequent serotype was HPV 16, followed by HPV 18 or a combination of both. The most frequent low risk serotype was HPV 6 followed by the combination of HPV 6 and 11. It has been verified in our study that the prevalence of the category “others”, constituted by the three risk groups, has undergone a progressive increase, beginning with an infection rate of 65.43% in 2002-2006 to finally rise up to 90.92% in the year 2020. Conclusions: Our study reveals an increase in the number of infections by the HPV serotypes that are not included in the tetravalent vaccine.

关键词： HPV serotypes Cervix Vaccine Women’s Health

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Streptococcus pneumoniaeUpper Respiratory Carriage in Costa Rican Children with Otitis Media before the Introduction of the Heptavalent Conjugated Vaccine in the National Immunization Program

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World Journal of Vaccines 2013年第2期3卷 39-45页

作者： Catalina Ulloa Alfonso Pereira Carolina Soley Nurith Porat Arturo Abdelnour Ron Dagan Adriano Arguedas Instituto de Atención Pediátrica San José Costa Rica Instituto de Atención Pediátrica San José Costa Rica Universidad de Ciencias Médicas San José Costa Rica Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva Israel

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the NP/OP S. pneumoniae serotype distribution and potential vaccine coverage in Costa Rican children with Otitis Media (OM) before the introduction of PCV-7 in the National Immunization Program (NIP). Methods: Between 2002 and 2006, NP and OP samples were obtained from 641 children from 6 to 79 months of age, at the time of OM diagnosis. S. pneumoniae serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed. Results: 386 S. pneumoniae isolates were recovered. The most common S. pneumoniae serotypes (ST) were: ST 6B, ST 14, ST 19F. Penicillin non-susceptibility was observed among 57% of the isolates obtained from children 24 months of age. Antibiotic non-susceptibility and MDR were significantly higher in children <24 months of age. This study demonstrates that PCV-13 offers the highest potential vaccine coverage and serves to assess the impact of introduction of one of the conjugated vaccines in the NIP in Costa Rica.

关键词： Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes Nasopharynx Oropharynx Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccine

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Virulence Gene Characterization and Serotyping of Major Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Bovine Respiratory Disease in Ethiopia

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第1期12卷 10-24页

作者： Mirtneh Akalu Takele Abayneh Esayas Gelaye Getaw Derese Behailu Tefera Teferi Degefa Vemulapati Bhadra Murthy Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Department of Biotechnology Vaddeswaram Gunture India National Veterinary Institute Bishoftu Ethiopia

Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) causes a severe form of pneumonia in all age of cattle. This study was designed to investigate the distribution of capsular types, serotypes, and virulence-associated genes of the major bacterial pathogens from BRD outbreak samples in Ethiopia. In this study 166 samples were collected from clinically sick (n = 107) and pneumonic lung tissue (n = 59). Laboratory assay confirmed isolation of M. haemolytica 37 (22.29%), P. multocida 25 (15.06%), B. trehalosi 12 (7.23%), and H. somni 15 (9.04%). PCR assay of P. multocida capsular typing revealed 21 (84.0%) cap A (hyaD-hyaC) and 4 (16.0%) cap D (dcbF) strains. M. haemolytica serotypes belonged to A: 1, A: 2, and A: 6 from 26 (70.27%), 4 (10.81%), and 7 (18.92%) isolates, respectively. P. multocida biotyping showed isolation of A: 1, A: 2, and A: 3 from 3 (14.29%), 2 (9.52%), and 16 (76.19%) isolates, respectively. M. haemolytica harbored more than 60% ssa gene, and 90.91% sodA while FbpA, TbpA, and lktC genes were found in all isolates. Likewise, all P. multocida exhibited toxA, FbpA, TbpA, and pmSLP genes. The current finding showed that M. haemolytica serotype A: 1 is frequently associated with BRD followed by P. multocida biotype A: 3. These two isolates harbored diverse virulence-associated genes and presented the pathogenic potential of the current isolates. Thus, investigation of pathogenic strains of BRD, virulence genes distribution, and molecular epidemiology of the disease from wider areas of the country are essential. Hence, continuous outbreak surveillance and molecular approaches are indispensable in designing efficient prevention strategies.

关键词： BRD M. haemolytica P. multocida serotypes Virulence Genes

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