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sero-prevalence and Risk factors of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Afgoye District Lower Shabelle Region, Somalia

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 11-20页

作者： Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Sumaya Hassan Ali Abdisalam Mohamed Ali Abdirazack Saleban Osman Binti Abubakar Mohamed Abdifatah Mohamud Ibar Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed Mohamed Abdelrahman Mohamed Ahmed Ali Omar Zakaria Ibrahim Issack College of Veterinary Medicine Abrar University Mogadishu Somalia Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry Somali National University Mogadishu Somalia Faculty of Veterinary Science Benadir University Mogadishu Somalia

Contagious bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious and highly contagious respiratory disease of cattle and water buffalo, caused by the Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. It induces significant economic losses and leads to a severe livestock production problem, negatively influencing people’s livelihoods of affected countries. In Somalia, there is no updated data on the prevalence and distribution of the disease. Hence, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to June 2023 in different villages under the Afgoye District of lower Shabelle region, Somalia. The main purpose of this study is to assess the sero-prevalence and identify the associated risk factors for the occurrence of the disease. In this study, villages, age, sex, breed, and body condition were considered as risk factors. A total of 90 blood samples were collected and tested in the laboratory using the Anti-CBPP Elisa kit test. Out of 90 serum samples from herd cattle, 32 were positive, resulting in an overall prevalence of 35.5%. In addition, we found a statistically significant variation between the prevalence of the disease and factors such as sex, age, body condition and breeds. In summary, the overall prevalence of Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in this study area is worth to be considered because there is a low quality of health care and less awareness of the Contagious bovine Pleuropneumonia effects on herds, which warrants the official authorities to act and follow appropriate preventive and control measures to reduce the incidence of the disease and generate appropriate controlling and prevention measures in all regions of Somalia.

关键词： Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia sero-prevalence Cattle Somalia Mycoplasma Cross Sectional Study

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sero-prevalence and Risk Factors of Diffusion of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2020年第7期10卷 103-115页

作者： Severin Loul Abel Wade Alexandre Michel Njan Nlôga Ministry of Livestock Fisheries and Animals Industries Yaounde Cameroon Center of Research on Emerging and Reemerging Diseases Yaounde Cameroon National Veterinary Laboratory Garoua Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

The present study was carried out between April 2015 and January 2016 to estimate the sero-prevalence and identify the risk factors of the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Cameroon. A total of 269 herds randomly sampled across the country have been studied and 1622 samples of serum have been levied on the sheep and goat. The c-ELISA has been studied in order to detect the presence of antibodies in small ruminants like an indicator of exposition to PPRV. The results revealed the circulation of PPRV in the country with a total sero-prevalence of 39% [95%CI;37 - 41] and a sero-prevalence of 63.2% [95%CI;57.2 - 69.2] at the herd level. sero-prevalence was variable in the ten regions ranging from 7% [95% CI;6.2 - 8.4] to 73% [95% CI;62 - 84] with the northern zone (Adamawa, North and Far-North) having 52.3% [95% CI;37 - 60] and southern zone (including the remaining seven regions) recording 29% [95% CI;11 - 57]. Similarly, it was higher in animals found in urban/peri-urban areas than in rural areas with prevalence ratio of 2.9 [95% CI 2.54 - 3.4;p i.e. 3 times more, 1.6 [95% CI 1.36 - 1.90;p i.e. 1.6 times more, and 5.02 [95% CI 3.91 - 6.85;p i.e. 5 times more at national level, in the northern zone and in the southern area, respectively. Five risk factors have been identified: the breeding environment, introduction of new animals into the herds, gathering of animals for pasture and watering, wandering and transhumance. The breeding area appeared to be the most important risk factor associated with disease exposure. The control measures for the eradication of this disease must take into account the epidemiological situation, the breeding environment, animal transhumance and breeding system.

关键词： Small Ruminants sero-prevalence Risk Factors Peste des Petits Ruminants Cameroon

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sero-prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Domestic Animals in Benadir Region, Somalia

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第8期4卷 170-174页

作者： Ahmed Abdulkadir Hassan Kadle Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry Horseed International University Mogadishu Somalia

A sero-prevalence survey of Toxoplasmosis in domestic animals (camels, cattle, sheep and goats) was conducted in the Benadir region of Somalia from January to July 2014 to determine the status of the disease. A total of 151 sera were tested, 64 camels;28 cattle;29 sheep and 30 goats, for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using Latex Agglutination Test (LAT). Totally about 15.9% (24/151) of studied animals showed sero-positive. The sero-prevalence was found in 6.3% of 64 camels, 7.1% of 28 cattle, 34.5% of 29 sheep and 26.7% of 30 goats. The antibody titres to T. gondii positive sera were 2 (8.3%), 9 (37.5%), 4 (16.7%), 4 (16.7%), 4 (16.7%), 1 (4.2%) and 0 (0%) by dilution of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64 and 1:128 respectively. Out of 151 domestic animals (45 male and 106 female), 8 (5.3%) males and 16 (10.6%) females were infected with T. gondii. The study recommends the need for further researches in the whole country using different serological tests and to determine the impact of these findings on the human population. It would be important to increase public awareness on zoonotic potential of Toxoplasmosis.

关键词： sero-prevalence Toxoplasmosis LAT Domestic Animals Benadir Region Somalia

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sero-prevalence, Risk Factor and Community Perception of Foot and Mouse Disease in Cattle under Extensive Management in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia

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Journal of Zoological Research 2020年第1期2卷 1-7页

作者： Angesom Taye Berihun Afera Nigus Abebe Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research(EIAR) Mekhoni Agricultural Research CenterMekhoniTigrayEthiopia Mekelle University MekelleTigrayEthiopia

To determine the sero-prevalence of foot and mouth disease in southern zone of Tigray,North Ethiopia,a cross-sectional examination of 340 sera samples were conducted from November 2015 up to May *** addition,a structured questionnaire survey was done to know the perception and knowledge of the local community about the disease and 120 informants were *** overall sero-prevalence was 20.9%and there was no statistical significant difference(P>0.05)in prevalence of foot and mouth disease between sexes,agro-ecology,breed and vaccination ***,a statistical significant difference(Psero-positivity were found significant risk factors for the *** questionnaire survey indicated that 65%of the contacted informants described the disease consistent with the major clinical signs mentioned in *** study revealed that the virus is circulating in the area and requires further identification of the ***,implementing control of foot and mouth disease with integrated approaches has paramount importance.

关键词： Cattle Foot and mouth disease sero-prevalence Tigray

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sero-prevalence Study of Camel Trypanosomiasis in Selected Villages of Galkayo, Somalia

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2017年第4期7卷 31-37页

作者： Abdulgani Huruse Ismail Mohamoud Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Red Sea University Galkayo Somalia

A cross-sectional study was carried out aimed to estimate sero-prevalence of camel trypanosomiasis and to investigate the related risk factors of the disease in Four Selected Villages of Galkayo, Mudug region from 14th March 2016 up to 20th April 2016. Blood samples were collected from 69 randomly selected camels of the four study villages, and samples were allowed to clot at room temper to detect the sero-prevalence of trypanosome using Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT). The results indicated that the overall sero-prevalence of trypanosomiasis in camels that 15.9% (11) samples were positive for trypanosome evansi (T. evansi) was recorded. Higher infection was found in female (19.4) as compared to male (11.1). However, there is no statistically significant difference in sero-prevalence between sex categories (P > 0.05). High Test infection of sero-prevalence was noted 20% in young age (10), and there was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in susceptibility among age groups. These results seem to indicate that T. evansi infection is high in the study area. There is need of further control of camel trypanosomiasis through the uses of curative and prophylactic drugs to avoid the various problems.

关键词： sero-prevalence Trypanosomiasis CATT Camel Galkayo Somalia

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sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Blood Donors: A Retrospective Study in the Kintampo Municipal Hospital, Ghana

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014年第1期4卷 64-69页

作者： Williams Walana Patrick Hokey Samuel Ahiaba Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS) University for Development Studies (UDS) Tamale Ghana Department of Medical Laboratory Technology College of Health and Well-BeingKintampo Ghana Kintampo Municipal Hospital Kintampo Ghana

Background: Hepatitis B virus is one of the transfusion transmission infectious agents of public health relevance. Its prevalence varies across the globe. Establishing the sero-prevalence of the disease is critical to informing the direction of preventive and control strategies. Objective: The aim of this study therefore was to establish the hepatitis B surface antigen sero-prevalence among blood donors in the Kintampo municipality of Ghana. Methodology: This three-year hospital based retrospective study was conducted at the laboratory unit of the Kintampo Municipal Hospital. The laboratory uses one step immunochromatographic test kits to detect the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen in the sera of blood donors. Records on blood donors were reviewed for hepatitis B sero-positivity. Results: A total of 3402 blood donors were studied, out of which 3238 (95.2%) were males and 164 (4.8%) were females. The overall sero-prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen was 9.6% (327/3402). Majority of the sero-positive donors were less than 40 years, with higher prevalence of 16.4% (35/214) in donors less than 20 years. The sero-prevalence in males and females was 9.7% (313/3238) and 8.5% (14/164) respectively. Conclusion: The Kintampo municipality has a relatively high prevalence of hepatitis B among blood donors. The probability of hepatitis B viral infection was age inclined as the youth seem to be at greater risk of contracting the disease.

关键词： Hepatitis Blood sero-prevalence

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sero-prevalence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus among Camels at a Slaughterhouse in Kenya, 2015

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Journal of Health Science 2018年第5期6卷 379-383页

作者： Esther M. Kamau Bitek Orinde George Gitau Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries P.O. Box 402-10101 Karatina Kenya Kenya Field epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program P.O. Box 22313-00100 GPO Nairobi Kenya Food and Agriculture Organization P.O. Box 30470-00100 GPO Nairobi Kenya Department of Clinical studies University of Nairobi P.O. Box 29053-00625 Nairobi Kenya

Dromedary camels are implicated as reservoirs of MERS-CoV （Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus）. High prevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies in dromedaries in Africa and Arabian Peninsula was demonstrated from sera archived between 1992 and 2012 with matching of camel-derived and human-derived sequences from various regions suggesting zoonotic transmission. We assessed sero-prevalence of anti-MERS-CoV antibodies among dromedaries at Athi-River slaughterhouse, Kenya. Proportions were calculated and associations between anti-MERS-CoV antibody sero-positivity and age group, sex, and origin of camels were assessed using Chi-square tests. Out of 373 specimens, 53% were females, antibody sero-prevalence was 82%. sero-prevalence did not differ by age group, sex, or origin. This study reports high sero-prevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies demonstrated among camels brought for slaughter from different regions of Kenya. This was consistent with other studies in Africa among adult camels and further proves that the virus likely remains present in Kenya. Since only mature camels were assessed, more studies on younger populations of camels could help determine the dynamics of virus transmission. Though the risk from mature animals is not known, at some point these camels become re-infected and human populations exposed to camels may still face some risks.

关键词： Middle east respiratory syndrome dromedary camels slaughterhouse sero-prevalence

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The First Report on sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Working Horses and Donkeys in the Sudan

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第12期7卷 1284-1287页

作者： Shadia Mohamed Ahmed Abdalla Mohamed Ibrahim Nabaa Kamal Alshafie Rabab Haroun Mohammed Ahmed Ali Ismail Tamador Elkhansa Elnour Angara College of Veterinary Medicine University of Bahri Khartoum 11111 Sudan College of Veterinary Medicine Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST) Khartoum 11111 Sudan College of Science and Technology of Animal Production Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST) Khartoum 11111Sudan

A serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii was conducted using LAT （Latex Agglutination Test） on 205 sera collected from working horses and donkeys in Khartoum State, Sudan. The overall sero-prevalence of the investigated equines was 32.7%. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 38% of 100 horses and 27.6% of 105 donkeys. The titers were 1：2 （4 heads）, 1：4 （11 heads）, 1：8 （13 heads）, 1：16 （17 heads）, 1：32 （5 heads）, 1：64 （10 donkeys） and 1：128 （7 donkeys）. Neither the area nor animal species showed significant differences between the investigated groups. However, age was reported to show significant （P 〈 0.05） effect on equine toxoplasmosis in the Sudan. This is the first report on equine toxoplasmosis in the Sudan.

关键词： Toxoplasma gondii equines sero-prevalence latex agglutination test Sudan.

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Epidemiological Study of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Pigs in Zhejiang Province

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畜牧兽医学报 2010年第S1期41卷 82-86页

作者： SHUAI Jiang-bing ZHANG Xiao-feng HE Yong-qiang FANG Wei-huan Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Hangzhou 310012China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China

The study was aimed at establishing an indirect ELISA for epidemiological investigation of hepatitis E viral(HEV) infection in pigs from the major pig-producing regions of Zhejiang Province. The gene fragment covering the immunogenic epitopes of HEV ORF2 was synthesized and expressed in Escherichia *** blot analysis revealed that the purified protein reacted to HEV positive sera,but not to positive sera from some other common viruses that infect *** indirect ELISA system was then developed using truncated HEV ORF2 protein as the coating antigen and had diagnostic accuracy of 91.5% as compared with a diagnostic kit for HEV antibodies.A total of 1 330 serum samples were collected from 46 pig farms in Zhejiang Province from 2005-2008 and tested for sero-prevalence of HEV using the indirect *** average HEV-positive rate was 55.7%(741/1 330).The positive rate of 2005 and 2006 was 62.7%(175/279) and 61.4%(301/490) respectively,much higher than those of 2007(43.0%,59/137) and 2008(48.6%,206/424).Pigs aged 66-100 days had a statistically higher positive rate(58.2%,110/189) when compared to that of pigs aged 30-65 days(39.7%,73/184) or 101-160 days(44.1%,83/188).Only three herds in the study were HEV antibody-negative,indicating high sero-prevalence of HEV in the pig populations in Zhejiang Province.

关键词： Swine heptitis E virus indirect ELISA ORF2 protein sero-prevalence

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seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Peste des Petits Ruminants among Sheep and Goats in Kassala State, Sudan

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2018年第4期8卷 381-395页

作者： Fatima A. Saeed Sana A. Abdel-Aziz Mohammed M. Gumaa Kassala Veterinary Research Laboratory Animal Resources Research Corporation Ministry of Animal Resources Khartoum Sudan Department of Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan

Peste des petits ruminant (PPR) is a contagious disease of small ruminants caused by a virus that belongs to the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of PPR disease in sheep and goats and its associated risk factors in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan. Across sectional study was conducted during the period from 30th August to 25th November 2015. The study was carried out using a structured questionnaire survey and a total of 918 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy unvaccinated sheep and goats in different localities in State of Kassala. A total of 546 sheep and 372 goats were tested for specific antibodies to nucleoprotein (NP) by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). The apparent overall prevalence of PPR antibodies in Kassala was 58.2% while the true prevalence was calculated to be 61.3%. The apparent prevalence in sheep and goats was 68.1% and 43.5% respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors had significant associations with a cELISA positive status: locality, species, age, breed, husbandry system, housing mode, animals movement (p = 0.000) and animals sharing pasture and water (p = 0.003), while sex and newly introduced animals were not significant risk factors (p = 0.771) (p = 0.050) respectively. Factors found that significantly associated (p prevalence differed between localities and was the highest in the River Atbara (84.0%) locality, whereas it was lowest in Delta North (29.0%). No significant difference was observed among the sexes. However, the prevalence differed in different age groups and was 52.25% in animals of less than six months old;49.3% were between seven months and two years old and 65.5% were above two years old. In different husbandry systems, the prevalence was 47.9%, 73.0% and 49.2% in in

关键词： Peste des Petits Ruminants sero-prevalence Risk Factors Kassala State Sudan

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